%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nicholson, Anna %E Haag, Tamara %T Community Power in Population Health Improvement: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-09349-1 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26306/community-power-in-population-health-improvement-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26306/community-power-in-population-health-improvement-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 172 %X To explore issues related to community-driven power-building efforts to improve population health, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual public workshop, "Community Power in Population Health Improvement", on January 28 and 29, 2021. Participants discussed the different components and dimensions of community-led action around different population health improvement topics such as education, transportation, environmental health, healthy eating, and active living, among others. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Forstag, Erin Hammers %T Taking Stock of Science Standards Implementation: Proceedings of a Virtual Summit %@ 978-0-309-68807-9 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26549/taking-stock-of-science-standards-implementation-proceedings-of-a-virtual %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26549/taking-stock-of-science-standards-implementation-proceedings-of-a-virtual %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 130 %X On October 14 and 15, and December 8, 2021, the Board on Science Education at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual Summit entitled Taking Stock of Science Standards Implementation. Participants explored the landscape of state science standards implementation, identified where there have been successes and challenges, and determined next steps and the resources needed for continuing or re-invigorating implementation efforts. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Johnson, Anne %T Toward a Future of Environmental Health Sciences: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26639/toward-a-future-of-environmental-health-sciences-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26639/toward-a-future-of-environmental-health-sciences-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 12 %X What could the future of environmental health sciences hold, and what steps might be taken now to guide the field's trajectory? To envision a future research enterprise that integrates environmental health sciences, biomedical science, prevention research, and disease-specific research across the continuum from fundamental discovery research through the application of this research to population health, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Towards a Future of Environmental Health Sciences on April 26-27, 2022. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Amankwah, Francis %E Balogh, Erin %E Maitin-Shepard, Melissa %E Nass, Sharyl %T The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Cancer Prevention and Cancer Care: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-27381-7 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26400/the-impact-of-the-affordable-care-act-on-cancer-prevention-and-cancer-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26400/the-impact-of-the-affordable-care-act-on-cancer-prevention-and-cancer-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 72 %X The National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop in March 2021 to examine the existing evidence base on how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has altered the landscape of cancer prevention and care delivery in the United States. The workshop featured presentations and discussions reviewing the effects of the ACA on people at risk for or living with cancer and providing insight into remaining policy challenges that could inform future efforts to improve and support the delivery of high-quality cancer care across the care continuum. This publication provides a high-level summary of the discussions presented during the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of the U.S. Global Change Research Program's Draft Decadal Strategic Plan, 2022-2031 %@ 978-0-309-68994-6 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26608/review-of-the-us-global-change-research-programs-draft-decadal-strategic-plan-2022-2031 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26608/review-of-the-us-global-change-research-programs-draft-decadal-strategic-plan-2022-2031 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 76 %X More intense heat waves, extended wildfire seasons and other escalating impacts of climate change have made it more important than ever to fill knowledge gaps that improve society's understanding, assessment, and response to global change. The US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) - a collection of 13 Federal entities charged by law to help the United States and the world fill those knowledge gaps - laid out proposed mechanisms and priorities for global change research over the next decade in its draft Decadal Strategic Plan 2022-2031. The draft plan recognizes that priority knowledge gaps have shifted over the past decade as demand has grown for more useful and more inclusive data to inform decision-making, and as the focus on resilience and sustainability has increased. As part of its work in advising the USGCRP since 2011, the National Academies reviewed USGCRP's draft plan to determine how it might be enhanced. Advances in the draft plan include an increased emphasis on social sciences, community engagement with marginalized groups, and promotion of diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice in the production of science. Strengthening the interconnections between the plan's core pillars and expanding opportunities for coordination among federal agencies tasked with responding to global climate change would improve the plan. The draft plan could more strongly convey a sense of urgency throughout the plan and would benefit from additional examples of key research outputs that could advance policy and decision making on global change challenges. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Karaskiewicz, Timothy R. %E Swanson, Chloe L. %T Examples of Facility Space Provided for Community Use at Airports %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26520/examples-of-facility-space-provided-for-community-use-at-airports %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26520/examples-of-facility-space-provided-for-community-use-at-airports %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 68 %X Airports make facilities available for non-commercial purposes, such as for community use by community or nonprofit groups.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 116: Examples of Facility Space Provided for Community Use at Airports provides the first body of literature to focus on the use of facilities that airports may provide in order to support local economic and social sustainability. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Wizemann, Theresa M. %T Reorienting Health Care and Business Sector Investment Priorities Toward Health and Well-Being: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-67119-4 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25667/reorienting-health-care-and-business-sector-investment-priorities-toward-health-and-well-being %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25667/reorienting-health-care-and-business-sector-investment-priorities-toward-health-and-well-being %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 100 %X On December 3, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop, hosted by New York University (NYU) Langone Health in New York City, to explore how evolving concepts of value in health care and business investments are leading to a shift in resources toward investments in health and well-being for all. Workshop participants explored what industry leaders are doing to make progress and avoid pitfalls, tools and platforms that are useful to these efforts, and lessons and insights that stakeholders can use to help reinforce the shift toward healthier investments. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Davis, Elizabeth A. %E Stephens, Amy %T Science and Engineering in Preschool Through Elementary Grades: The Brilliance of Children and the Strengths of Educators %@ 978-0-309-68417-0 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26215/science-and-engineering-in-preschool-through-elementary-grades-the-brilliance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26215/science-and-engineering-in-preschool-through-elementary-grades-the-brilliance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 285 %X Starting in early childhood, children are capable of learning sophisticated science and engineering concepts and engage in disciplinary practices. They are deeply curious about the world around them and eager to investigate the many questions they have about their environment. Educators can develop learning environments that support the development and demonstration of proficiencies in science and engineering, including making connections across the contexts of learning, which can help children see their ideas, interests, and practices as meaningful not just for school, but also in their lives. Unfortunately, in many preschool and elementary schools science gets relatively little attention compared to English language arts and mathematics. In addition, many early childhood and elementary teachers do not have extensive grounding in science and engineering content. Science and Engineering in Preschool through Elementary Grades provides evidence-based guidance on effective approaches to preschool through elementary science and engineering instruction that supports the success of all students. This report evaluates the state of the evidence on learning experiences prior to school; promising instructional approaches and what is needed for implementation to include teacher professional development, curriculum, and instructional materials; and the policies and practices at all levels that constrain or facilitate efforts to enhance preschool through elementary science and engineering. Building a solid foundation in science and engineering in the elementary grades sets the stage for later success, both by sustaining and enhancing students' natural enthusiasm for science and engineering and by establishing the knowledge and skills they need to approach the more challenging topics introduced in later grades. Through evidence-based guidance on effective approaches to preschool through elementary science and engineering instruction, this report will help teachers to support the success of all students. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Next Generation Earth Systems Science at the National Science Foundation %@ 978-0-309-22446-8 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26042/next-generation-earth-systems-science-at-the-national-science-foundation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26042/next-generation-earth-systems-science-at-the-national-science-foundation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 136 %X The National Science Foundation (NSF) has played a key role over the past several decades in advancing understanding of Earth's systems by funding research on atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, geologic, polar, ecosystem, social, and engineering-related processes. Today, however, those systems are being driven like never before by human technologies and activities. Our understanding has struggled to keep pace with the rapidity and magnitude of human-driven changes, their impacts on human and ecosystem sustainability and resilience, and the effectiveness of different pathways to address those challenges. Given the urgency of understanding human-driven changes, NSF will need to sustain and expand its efforts to achieve greater impact. The time is ripe to create a next-generation Earth systems science initiative that emphasizes research on complex interconnections and feedbacks between natural and social processes. This will require NSF to place an increased emphasis on research inspired by real-world problems while maintaining their strong legacy of curiosity driven research across many disciplines – as well as enhance the participation of social, engineering, and data scientists, and strengthen efforts to include diverse perspectives in research. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Biffl, Claire %E Liao, Julie %E Minicucci, Charles %E Nicholson, Anna %T Systematizing the One Health Approach in Preparedness and Response Efforts for Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-09337-8 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26301/systematizing-the-one-health-approach-in-preparedness-and-response-efforts-for-infectious-disease-outbreaks %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26301/systematizing-the-one-health-approach-in-preparedness-and-response-efforts-for-infectious-disease-outbreaks %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 180 %X A planning committee convened by the Forum on Microbial Threats of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual workshop on February 23-25, 2021, titled Systematizing the One Health Approach in Preparedness and Response Efforts for Infectious Disease Outbreaks. The workshop gave particular consideration to research opportunities, multisectoral collaboration mechanisms, community-engagement strategies, educational opportunities, and policies that speakers have found effective in implementing the core capacities and interventions of One Health principles to strengthen national health systems and enhance global health security. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Martin, Steve %E Debbage, Keith %E Kvistad, Amy %E Bañez, Douglas %T Measuring and Understanding the Relationship Between Air Service and Regional Economic Development %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26682/measuring-and-understanding-the-relationship-between-air-service-and-regional-economic-development %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26682/measuring-and-understanding-the-relationship-between-air-service-and-regional-economic-development %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 149 %X Airport economic impact studies may accurately measure the activity that occurs on airport properties or is tied directly to airport operations (such as off-site parking and hotels that accommodate airline crew who overnight in a location), but they do not capture how air service supports business and employment throughout the region. The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Web-Only Document 53: Measuring and Understanding the Relationship Between Air Service and Regional Economic Development provides airports and major regional stakeholders concerned with economic development with the information and tools necessary to understand and communicate the nexus between air service and regional employment. The Web-Only Document is supplemental to ACRP WebResource 12: Air Service Development and Regional Economic Activity. Supplemental to the Web-Only Document is a Case Study Compilation with the full versions of the 14 case studies performed as part of the project. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Cross-Cutting Themes for U.S. Contributions to the UN Ocean Decade %@ 978-0-309-27311-4 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26363/cross-cutting-themes-for-us-contributions-to-the-un-ocean-decade %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26363/cross-cutting-themes-for-us-contributions-to-the-un-ocean-decade %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 142 %X The ocean is central to the health of the planet and the well-being of human societies, but ongoing depletion, disruption, and pollution threaten its future. The United Nations proclaimed 2021-2030 the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (UN Ocean Decade) in recognition of the need to sustainably manage the Ocean. U.S. participation in the Decade, guided by the U.S. National Committee, included a call for "Ocean-Shots" - ambitious, transformational research concepts that draw from multiple disciplines. More than 100 Ocean-Shots were submitted. Conducted at the request of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and sponsored by NASA, this report identifies exciting themes from the Ocean-Shots that will galvanize action and inspire transformative, cross-disciplinary, and multi-generational participation in the Decade. Two foundational themes undergird how to go about science: An Inclusive and Equitable Ocean calls for the involvement of a diverse and representative ocean community, and An Ocean of Data recognizes the shift toward open access for data that is collected. Four topical themes - The Ocean Revealed, The Restored and Sustainable Ocean, Ocean Solutions for Climate Resilience, and Healthy Urban Sea - represent promising areas for research investments that are consistent both with the UN Ocean Decade Outcomes and U.S. ocean priorities. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Advancing the Framework for Assessing Causality of Health and Welfare Effects to Inform National Ambient Air Quality Standard Reviews %@ 978-0-309-69011-9 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26612/advancing-the-framework-for-assessing-causality-of-health-and-welfare-effects-to-inform-national-ambient-air-quality-standard-reviews %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26612/advancing-the-framework-for-assessing-causality-of-health-and-welfare-effects-to-inform-national-ambient-air-quality-standard-reviews %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 186 %X As part of its responsibilities under the Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sets National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the air pollutants carbon monoxide, lead, oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, ozone, and sulfur dioxide. EPA uses a "weight of evidence approach" to evaluate evidence from scientific studies and describe the causal relationships between these "criteria pollutants" and any adverse impacts on human health and on public welfare - including impacts on wildlife, water, forests, agriculture, and climate. The evaluation, called an Integrated Science Assessment, is used to inform standards setting associated with the criteria pollutants. This report, produced at the request of EPA, describes EPAs and several other frameworks for inferring causality of health or welfare effects and the characteristics of evidence useful for forming a causal determination. The report concludes that EPAs causal framework is effective, reliable, and scientifically defensible, provided that key scientific questions are identified and a range of necessary expertise is engaged. More transparency in how EPA integrates evidence could improve confidence in their determinations, and more guidance is needed in the framework on how evidence should be examined for vulnerable groups (e.g., human sub-populations) and sensitive ecosystems or species. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Assessment of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health %@ 978-0-309-27175-2 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26376/assessment-of-the-sbir-and-sttr-programs-at-the-national-institutes-of-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26376/assessment-of-the-sbir-and-sttr-programs-at-the-national-institutes-of-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 270 %X The National Institutes of Health (NIH) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a quadrennial review of its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, in accordance with a legislative mandate. Using quantitative and qualitative analyses of data, this report reviews the operations and outcomes stemming from NIH's SBIR/STTR awards. Drawing on published research and conducting new analyses based on both publicly available data and applicant data provided by NIH, Assessment of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health analyzes (1) the effectiveness of NIH's processes and procedures for selecting SBIR and STTR awardees; (2) the effectiveness of NIH's outreach to increase SBIR and STTR applications from small businesses that are new to the programs, from underrepresented states, and from woman-owned and minority-owned businesses; (3) collaborations between small businesses and research institutions resulting from the programs; and (4) a range of direct economic and health care impacts attributable to the programs. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Enhancing NIH Research on Autoimmune Disease %@ 978-0-309-68830-7 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26554/enhancing-nih-research-on-autoimmune-disease %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26554/enhancing-nih-research-on-autoimmune-disease %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 548 %X Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's immune system malfunctions and mistakenly attacks healthy cells, tissues, and organs. Strong data on the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases are limited, but a 2009 study estimated the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the U.S. to be 7.6 to 9.4 percent, or 25 to 31 million people today. This estimate, however, includes only 29 autoimmune diseases, and it does not account for increases in prevalence in the last decade. By some counts, there are around 150 autoimmune diseases, which are lifelong chronic illnesses with no known cures. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to assess the autoimmune disease research portfolio of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Enhancing NIH Research on Autoimmune Disease finds that while NIH has made impressive contributions to research on autoimmune diseases, there is an absence of a strategic NIH-wide autoimmune disease research plan and a need for greater coordination across the institutes and centers to optimize opportunities for collaboration. To meet these challenges, this report calls for the creation of an Office of Autoimmune Disease/Autoimmunity Research in the Office of the Director of NIH. The Office could facilitate NIH-wide collaboration, and engage in prioritizing, budgeting, and evaluating research. Enhancing NIH Research on Autoimmune Disease also calls for the establishment of long term systems to collect epidemiologic and surveillance data and long term studies (20+ years) to study disease across the life course. Finally, the report provides an agenda that highlights research needs that crosscut many autoimmune diseases, such as understanding the effect of environmental factors in initiating disease. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guidance on PFAS Exposure, Testing, and Clinical Follow-Up %@ 978-0-309-48244-8 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26156/guidance-on-pfas-exposure-testing-and-clinical-follow-up %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26156/guidance-on-pfas-exposure-testing-and-clinical-follow-up %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Health and Medicine %P 300 %X In thousands of communities across the United States, drinking water is contaminated with chemicals known as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are used in a wide range of products, such as non-stick cookware, water and stain repellent fabrics, and fire-fighting foam, because they have properties that repel oil and water, reduce friction, and resist temperature changes. PFAS can leak into the environment where they are made, used, disposed of, or spilled. PFAS exposure has been linked to a number of adverse health effects including certain cancers, thyroid dysfunction, changes in cholesterol, and small reductions in birth weight. This report recommends that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) update its clinical guidance to advise clinicians to offer PFAS blood testing to patients who are likely to have a history of elevated exposure, such as those with occupational exposures or those who live in areas known to be contaminated. If testing reveals PFAS levels associated with an increased risk of adverse effects, patients should receive regular screenings and monitoring for these and other health impacts. Guidance on PFAS Exposure, Testing, and Clinical Follow-Up recommends that the CDC, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and public health departments support clinicians by creating educational materials on PFAS exposure, potential health effects, the limitations of testing, and the benefits and harms of testing. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Supporting Individual Risk Assessment during COVID-19 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26629/supporting-individual-risk-assessment-during-covid-19 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26629/supporting-individual-risk-assessment-during-covid-19 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 21 %X Many individual states and localities have loosened or eliminated mitigation measures as the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved. Individuals who wish to mitigate their risk of contracting COVID-19 must decide on effective strategies in environments that may have returned to pre-pandemic norms. Individuals must assess their level of risk and risk tolerance amid different mitigation measures, regulations, and metrics across states and localities. The public is also exposed to misinformation and disinformation through social and mainstream media - all occurring within a politically polarized environment. This rapid expert consultation draws on existing social, behavioral, and decision science research to identify actionable guidance for state, local, and tribal decision makers seeking to help members of the public make their own and others' risk assessments related to COVID-19. This rapid expert consultation was produced through the Societal Experts Action Network (SEAN), an activity of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. SEAN links researchers in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences with decision makers to respond to policy questions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. This project is affiliated with the National Academies' Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Police Training to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the Population %@ 978-0-309-27751-8 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26467/police-training-to-promote-the-rule-of-law-and-protect-the-population %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26467/police-training-to-promote-the-rule-of-law-and-protect-the-population %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 102 %X Training police in the knowledge and skills necessary to support the rule of law and protect the public is a substantial component of the activities of international organizations that provide foreign assistance. Significant challenges with such training activities arise with the wide range of cultural, institutional, political, and social contexts across countries. In addition, foreign assistance donors often have to leverage programs and capacity in their own countries to provide training in partner countries, and there are many examples of training, including in the United States, that do not rely on the best scientific evidence of policing practices and training design. Studies have shown disconnects between the reported goals of training, notably that of protecting the population, and actual behaviors by police officers. These realities present a diversity of challenges and opportunities for foreign assistance donors and police training. At the request of the U.S. State Department's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, the Committee on Law and Justice of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined scientific evidence and assessed research needs for effective policing in the context of the challenges above. This report, the second in a series of five, responds to the following questions: What are the core knowledge and skills needed for police to promote the rule of law and protect the population? What is known about mechanisms (e.g., basic and continuing education or other capacity building programs) for developing the core skills needed for police to promote the rule of law and protect the population? %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Improving the Intelligence Community's Leveraging of the Full Science and Technology Ecosystem %@ 978-0-309-68785-0 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26544/improving-the-intelligence-communitys-leveraging-of-the-full-science-and-technology-ecosystem %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26544/improving-the-intelligence-communitys-leveraging-of-the-full-science-and-technology-ecosystem %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 100 %X The agencies within the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) depend on advanced technology to achieve their goals. While AI, cloud computing, advanced sensors, and big data analytics will fundamentally change both the global threat landscape and IC tradecraft, advances from biology, chemistry, materials, quantum science, network science, social/behavioral/economic sciences, and other fields also have that potential. Maintaining awareness of advances in science and technology is more essential than ever, to avoid surprise, to inflict surprise on adversaries, and to leverage those advances for the benefit of the nation and the IC. This report explores ways in which the IC might leverage the future research and development ecosystem. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %T Memorial Tributes: Volume 24 %@ 978-0-309-28717-3 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26492/memorial-tributes-volume-24 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26492/memorial-tributes-volume-24 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %P 420 %X This is the twenty-fourth volume in the Memorial Tributes series compiled by the National Academy of Engineering as a personal remembrance of the lives and outstanding achievements of its members and international members. These volumes are intended to stand as an enduring record of the many contributions of engineers and engineering to the benefit of humankind. In most cases, the authors of the tributes are contemporaries or colleagues who have personal knowledge of the interests and engineering accomplishments of the deceased.