TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Lora Byala A2 - Shana Johnson A2 - Rebecca Slocum A2 - Andrew Zalewski A2 - Josh Weiland A2 - Laura Culp A2 - Brianne Eby A2 - Paul Lewis A2 - Guillermo Calves A2 - David Sampson TI - Redesigning Transit Networks for the New Mobility Future DO - 10.17226/26028 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26028/redesigning-transit-networks-for-the-new-mobility-future PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Urban travel patterns are affected by many factors including changes in demography, land use, economics, technology, and mobility options. Public transportation must evolve to remain responsive.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 221: Redesigning Transit Networks for the New Mobility Future presents case studies and toolkits to plan and implement the redesign of bus networks in the United States. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses SN - DO - 10.17226/25949 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25949/a-review-of-methods-for-detecting-soreness-in-horses PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture AB - During the last century and today, the Tennessee walking horse has been used primarily for pleasure and show competition. Unique and natural to the breed is a smooth four-beat "running walk" gait. In the 1950s the accentuated or exaggerated running walk, known as the "big lick" became popular at high-level competitions. The combination of exaggerated high-action step in front and long stride behind is still considered desirable in today's horse show competitions, and it is often achieved through soring. Soring is the practice of applying a substance or mechanical device to the lower limb of a horse that will create enough pain that the horse will exaggerate its gait to relieve the discomfort. In 1970 Congress put into law the Horse Protection Act (HPA) to specifically address the practice of soring by prohibiting the showing, exhibition, or sale of Tennessee walking horses that are found to be sore. Sadly, soring is still being done even after 50 years of HPA enforcement. This report reviews the methods for detecting soreness in horses, in hopes of advancing the goal of ultimately eliminating the act of soring in horses and improving the welfare of Tennessee walking horses. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses examines what is known about the quality and consistency of available methods to identify soreness in horses; identifies potential new and emerging methods, approaches, and technologies for detecting hoof and pastern pain and its causes; and identifies research and technology needs to improve the reliability of methods to detect soreness. This independent study will help ensure that HPA inspection protocols are based on sound scientific principles that can be applied with consistency and objectivity. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jen McGraw, Peter Haas, Center for Neighborhood Technology A2 - Reid Ewing, Sadegh Sabouri, University of Utah TI - An Update on Public Transportation's Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Emissions DO - 10.17226/26103 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26103/an-update-on-public-transportations-impacts-on-greenhouse-gas-emissions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Transportation is a major source of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are causing climate change. As communities work to cut emissions and become more resilient, they are including public transportation advances as a significant part of their climate action strategies.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Board's TCRP Research Report 226: An Update on Public Transportation's Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides updated national analysis of public transportation’s role as a climate solution by documenting its 2018 GHG impacts.Supplemental materials to the report include three factsheets (Fact Sheet 1, Fact Sheet 2, and Fact Sheet 3); various key findings regarding transit as a climate solution; a PowerPoint presentation summarizing the findings and research and a template for transit agencies to add their own data for climate communications; and a simple spreadsheet tool that provides this study’s 2018 GHG impact findings by transit agency and allows the user to apply several of the future scenarios to see how their transit agency’s GHG impacts change with electrification, clean power, and ridership increases. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Stephanie Murphy, Ashlee Herring Delventhal, Crystal Kline, Blanca Rand, Tidal Basin Government Consulting, LLC TI - Practices in Airport Emergency Plans DO - 10.17226/26077 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26077/practices-in-airport-emergency-plans PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - An airport emergency plan (AEP) is meant to support airports in defining roles and responsibilities of stakeholders during emergencies, identifying specific threats that could affect airports, and establishing communication protocols for the airport community.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Synthesis 115: Practices in Airport Emergency Plans gathers relevant data specific to AEP practices that can effectively be applied to other airports, including general aviation airports, whether required to maintain an AEP or not. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Advancing Commercialization of Digital Products from Federal Laboratories SN - DO - 10.17226/26006 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26006/advancing-commercialization-of-digital-products-from-federal-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Federal laboratories play a unique role in the U.S. economy. Research and development conducted at these labs has contributed to the advancement or improvement of such key general-purpose technologies as nuclear energy, computers, the Internet, genomics, satellite navigation, the Global Positioning System, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality. Digital output from federal laboratories includes data, metadata, images, software, code, tools, databases, algorithms, and statistical models. Importantly, these digital products are nonrivalrous, meaning that unlike physical products, they can be copied at little or no cost and used by many without limit or additional cost. Advancing Commercialization of Digital Products from Federal Laboratories explores opportunities to add economic value to U.S. industry through enhanced utilization of intellectual property around digital products created at federal laboratories. This report examines the current state of commercialization of digital products developed at the federal labs and, to a limited extent, by extramural awardees, to help identify barriers to commercialization and technology transfer, taking into account differences between government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) and government-owned, government-operated (GOGO) federal labs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Alden S. Raine, James Gast, AECOM A2 - Robert Cervero, University of California Berkeley A2 - Strategic Economics Dena Belzer, Inc. A2 - Todd J. Poole, 4ward Planning, Inc. TI - Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices DO - 10.17226/26194 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26194/guide-to-joint-development-for-public-transportation-agencies-appendices PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Joint development is a subset of transit‐oriented development. It consists of residential, commercial, civic, or mixed‐use development that is closely coordinated with a transit facility and in which the transit agency participates through the use of its property, funding, or some other form of real estate or business transaction.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Web-Only Document 73: Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices provides supplemental information to TCRP Research Report 224: Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Alden S. Raine A2 - James Gast A2 - Robert Cervero A2 - Dena Belzer A2 - Todd J. Poole TI - Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies DO - 10.17226/26045 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26045/guide-to-joint-development-for-public-transportation-agencies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Joint development is real estate development that occurs on transit agency property or through some other type of development transaction to which the transit agency is a party.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 224: Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies is designed to expand the successful use of joint development in North American transit systems—in the volume and variety of projects undertaken, the diversity of transit agencies participating, and the quality of outcomes achieved.Supplemental to the report is TCRP Web-Only Document 73:Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices, the Executive Summary, and a long version presentation and a short version presentation of "Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies." ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Memorial Tributes: Volume 23 SN - DO - 10.17226/26229 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26229/memorial-tributes-volume-23 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biography and Autobiography AB - This is the twenty-third volume in the series of Memorial Tributes compiled by the National Academy of Engineering as a personal remembrance of the lives and outstanding achievements of its members and foreign associates. These volumes are intended to stand as an enduring record of the many contributions of engineers and engineering to the benefit of humankind. In most cases, the authors of the tributes are contemporaries or colleagues who had personal knowledge of the interests and the engineering accomplishments of the deceased. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper A2 - Rose Marie Martinez A2 - Kelly McHugh TI - Advancing Maternal Health Equity and Reducing Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26307 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26307/advancing-maternal-health-equity-and-reducing-maternal-morbidity-and-mortality PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The United States faces an alarmingly high rate of maternal morbidity and mortality, distinguishing it from other high-income countries that have achieved decreases in these rates in recent years. U.S. maternal morbidity and mortality rates are disproportionate across racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic groups. Statistics on maternal health outcomes reveal that there are challenges to protecting both the lives and future health of birthing people and their children. Recognizing the urgency of this growing problem, the National Academies Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice convened a 2-day virtual workshop, Advancing Maternal Health Equity and Reducing Maternal Mortality. The workshop examined the current state of maternal health in the United States and explored the factors needed to help communities and health care systems become more effective in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality and improving health outcomes through the fourth trimester. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Christopher Kane A2 - McDuffie Nichols A2 - Eric Peterson A2 - Sarah G. Richards TI - Joint Development Agreements Using FTA Funds or FTA-Funded Assets DO - 10.17226/26268 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26268/joint-development-agreements-using-fta-funds-or-fta-funded-assets PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - In the United States, transit oriented development (TOD) is now recognized as a critical element in the planning, development, and execution of transit projects. Recent legislation has been designed to streamline the approval processes for new transportation projects, focus more on safety, and establish new programs to advance critical freight projects.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Legal Research Digest 56: Joint Development Agreements Using FTA Funds or FTA-Funded Assets aims to clarify the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) assisted joint development process and attempts to separate public perceptions (and misperceptions) about TOD from reality. It is an update to TCRP Legal Research Digest 12:The Zoning and Real Estate Implications of Transit-Oriented Development.Appendix C incudes sample model agreement forms, developed from Washington Area Transit Authority’s Office of Real Estate and Station Planning Templates. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - State of the Art and Practice in the Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction and Its Consequences SN - DO - 10.17226/23474 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23474/state-of-the-art-and-practice-in-the-assessment-of-earthquake-induced-soil-liquefaction-and-its-consequences PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction (liquefaction) is a leading cause of earthquake damage worldwide. Liquefaction is often described in the literature as the phenomena of seismic generation of excess porewater pressures and consequent softening of granular soils. Many regions in the United States have been witness to liquefaction and its consequences, not just those in the west that people associate with earthquake hazards. Past damage and destruction caused by liquefaction underline the importance of accurate assessments of where liquefaction is likely and of what the consequences of liquefaction may be. Such assessments are needed to protect life and safety and to mitigate economic, environmental, and societal impacts of liquefaction in a cost-effective manner. Assessment methods exist, but methods to assess the potential for liquefaction triggering are more mature than are those to predict liquefaction consequences, and the earthquake engineering community wrestles with the differences among the various assessment methods for both liquefaction triggering and consequences. State of the Art and Practice in the Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction and Its Consequences evaluates these various methods, focusing on those developed within the past 20 years, and recommends strategies to minimize uncertainties in the short term and to develop improved methods to assess liquefaction and its consequences in the long term. This report represents a first attempt within the geotechnical earthquake engineering community to consider, in such a manner, the various methods to assess liquefaction consequences. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Data and Management Strategies for Recreational Fisheries with Annual Catch Limits SN - DO - 10.17226/26185 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26185/data-and-management-strategies-for-recreational-fisheries-with-annual-catch-limits PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Marine recreational fishing is a popular activity enjoyed by more than 9 million Americans annually and is a driver of the American ocean-or blue-economy. To ensure that fish populations are not overexploited, the NOAA Fisheries' Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) monitors recreational catch through a variety of in-person, telephone, mail-in, and other surveys. NOAA Fisheries' management of recreational catch also must take into account annual catch limits (ACLs) established to prevent overfishing for all managed species in federal waters. While MRIP has worked to improve recreational catch surveys over the past decade, the surveys were never designed to meet the demands of in-season management of ACLs. In some cases, estimates of harvest have triggered accountability measures such as early season closures and reductions in future recreational ACLs, which have been a source of contention with the recreational fishing community. This report presents approaches for optimizing MRIP data and complementary data for in-season management and considers alternatives for managing recreational fisheries with ACLs to better serve both social and economic management objectives. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jennifer D. Franz A2 - Heather Taylor Holbert A2 - Laurie A. Garrow A2 - Geoffrey D. Gosling A2 - Mark Vande Kamp A2 - Lisa Harmon A2 - Stephanie Ward TI - Guidebook on Conducting Airport User Surveys and Other Customer Research DO - 10.17226/26444 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26444/guidebook-on-conducting-airport-user-surveys-and-other-customer-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Airport user surveys have traditionally been used to obtain information for facility planning. More recently, however, surveys are being used to measure satisfaction as a way to identify actions that could improve the customer experience and increase non-aeronautical revenues, particularly those from passenger terminal concessions.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 235: Guidebook for Conducting Airport User Surveys and Other Customer Research provides airport managers and staff involved in customer research, as well as airport consultants and other stakeholders, with guidance on the effective use of airport user surveys and other customer research techniques.Supplementary to the report is Appendices A through L. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid SN - DO - 10.17226/25991 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25991/bringing-fusion-to-the-us-grid PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - Fusion energy offers the prospect of addressing the nation's energy needs and contributing to the transition to a low-carbon emission electrical generation infrastructure. Technology and research results from U.S. investments in the major fusion burning plasma experiment known as ITER, coupled with a strong foundation of research funded by the Department of Energy (DOE), position the United States to begin planning for its first fusion pilot plant. Strong interest from the private sector is an additional motivating factor, as the process of decarbonizing and modernizing the nation's electric infrastructure accelerates and companies seek to lead the way. At the request of DOE, Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid builds upon the work of the 2019 report Final Report of the Committee on a Strategic Plan for U.S. Burning Plasma Research to identify the key goals and innovations - independent of confinement concept - that are needed to support the development of a U.S. fusion pilot plant that can serve as a model for producing electricity at the lowest possible capital cost. ER -