%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Beatty, Alexandra %T Climate Change Education in Formal Settings, K-14: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-26016-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13435/climate-change-education-in-formal-settings-k-14-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13435/climate-change-education-in-formal-settings-k-14-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Education %P 108 %X Climate change is occurring, is very likely caused by human activities, and poses significant risks for a broad range of human and natural systems. Each additional ton of greenhouse gases emitted commits us to further change and greater risks. In the judgment of the Committee on America's Climate Choices, the environmental, economic, and humanitarian risks of climate change indicate a pressing need for substantial action to limit the magnitude of climate change and to prepare to adapt to its impacts. A principal message from the recent National Research Council report, America's Climate Choices, this brief summary of how climate change will shape many aspects of life in the foreseeable future emphasizes the vital importance of preparation for these changes. The report points to the importance of formal and informal education in supporting the public's understanding of those challenges climate change will bring, and in preparing current and future generations to act to limit the magnitude of climate change and respond to those challenges. Recognizing both the urgency and the difficulty of climate change education, the National Research Council, with support from the National Science Foundation, formed the Climate Change Education Roundtable. The roundtable brings together federal agency representatives with diverse experts and practitioners in the physical and natural sciences, social sciences, learning sciences, environmental education, education policy, extension education and outreach, resource management, and public policy to engage in discussion and explore educational strategies for addressing climate change. Two workshops were held to survey the landscape of climate change education. The first explored the goals for climate change education for various target audiences. The second workshop, which is the focus of this summary, was held on August 31 and September 1, 2011, and focused on the teaching and learning of climate change and climate science in formal education settings, from kindergarten through the first two years of college (K-14). This workshop, based on an already articulated need to teach climate change education, provided a forum for discussion of the evidence from research and practice. The goal of this workshop was to raise and explore complex questions around climate change education, and to address the current status of climate change education in grade K-14 of the formal education system by facilitating discussion between expert researchers and practitioners in complementary fields, such as education policy, teacher professional development, learning and cognitive science, K-12 and higher education administration, instructional design, curriculum development, and climate science. Climate Change Education in Formal Settings, K-14: A Workshop Summary summarizes the two workshops. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Science for Environmental Protection: The Road Ahead %@ 978-0-309-26489-1 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13510/science-for-environmental-protection-the-road-ahead %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13510/science-for-environmental-protection-the-road-ahead %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Earth Sciences %P 250 %X In anticipation of future environmental science and engineering challenges and technologic advances, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the overall capabilities of the agency to develop, obtain, and use the best available scientific and technologic information and tools to meet persistent, emerging, and future mission challenges and opportunities. Although the committee cannot predict with certainty what new environmental problems EPA will face in the next 10 years or more, it worked to identify some of the common drivers and common characteristics of problems that are likely to occur. Tensions inherent to the structure of EPA's work contribute to the current and persistent challenges faced by the agency, and meeting those challenges will require development of leading-edge scientific methods, tools, and technologies, and a more deliberate approach to systems thinking and interdisciplinary science. Science for Environmental Protection: The Road Ahead outlines a framework for building science for environmental protection in the 21st century and identified key areas where enhanced leadership and capacity can strengthen the agency's abilities to address current and emerging environmental challenges as well as take advantage of new tools and technologies to address them. The foundation of EPA science is strong, but the agency needs to continue to address numerous present and future challenges if it is to maintain its science leadership and meet its expanding mandates. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico: Strategies and Priorities %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13029/improving-water-quality-in-the-mississippi-river-basin-and-northern-gulf-of-mexico %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13029/improving-water-quality-in-the-mississippi-river-basin-and-northern-gulf-of-mexico %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 46 %X Most water resources managers, scientists, and other experts would agree that nonpoint source pollution is a more pressing and challenging national water quality problem today than point source pollution. Nonpoint sources of pollutants include parking lots, farm fields, forests, or any source not from a discrete conveyance such as a pipe or canal. Of particular concern across the Mississippi River basin (MRB) are high levels of nutrient loadings--nitrogen and phosphorus--from both nonpoint and point sources that ultimately are discharged into the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM). Nutrients emanate from both point and nonpoint sources across the river basin, but the large majority of nutrient yields across the MRB are nonpoint in nature and are associated with agricultural activities, especially applications of nitrogen-based fertilizers and runoff from concentrated animal feeding operations. Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico offers strategic advice and priorities for addressing MRB and NGOM water quality management and improvements. Although there is considerable uncertainty as to whether national water quality goals can be fully realized without some fundamental changes to the CWA, there is general agreement that significant progress can be made under existing statutory authority and budgetary processes. This book includes four sections identifying priority areas and offering recommendations to EPA and others regarding priority actions for Clean Water Act implementation across the Mississippi River basin. These sections are: USDA's Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative; Numeric Water Quality Criteria for the northern Gulf of Mexico; A Basinwide Strategy for Nutrient Management and Water Quality; and, Stronger Leadership and Collaboration. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Parker, Lynn %E Miller, Emily Ann %E Ovaitt, Elena %E Olson, Stephen %T Alliances for Obesity Prevention: Finding Common Ground: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-22472-7 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13305/alliances-for-obesity-prevention-finding-common-ground-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13305/alliances-for-obesity-prevention-finding-common-ground-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 84 %X Many organizations are making focused efforts to prevent obesity. To achieve their goals, accelerate their progress, and sustain their success, the assistance of many other individuals and groups--not all of them with a singular focus on obesity prevention--will be essential. In October 2011 the Institute of Medicine held a workshop that provided an opportunity for obesity prevention groups to hear from and hold discussions with many of these potential allies in obesity prevention. They explored common ground for joint activities and mutual successes and lessons learned from efforts at aligning diverse groups with goals in common. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Brose, Dominic A. %T Pathways to Urban Sustainability: A Focus on the Houston Metropolitan Region: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-31346-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18247/pathways-to-urban-sustainability-a-focus-on-the-houston-metropolitan %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18247/pathways-to-urban-sustainability-a-focus-on-the-houston-metropolitan %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 90 %X The workshop was convened to explore the region's approach to urban sustainability, with an emphasis on building the evidence base upon which new policies and programs might be developed. Participants examined how the interaction of various systems (natural and human systems; energy, water, and transportation systems) affected the region's social, economic, and environmental conditions. The objectives of the workshop were as follows: - Discuss ways that regional actors are approaching sustainability— specifically, how they are attempting to merge environmental, social, and economic objectives. - Share information about ongoing activities and strategic planning efforts, including lessons learned. - Examine the role that science, technology, and research can play in supporting efforts to make the region more sustainable. - Explore how federal agency efforts, particularly interagency partnerships, can complement or leverage the efforts of other key stakeholders. Pathways to Urban Sustainability: A Focus on the Houston Metropolitan Region: Summary of a Workshop was designed to explore the complex challenges facing sustainability efforts in the Houston metropolitan region and innovative approaches to addressing them, as well as performance measures to gauge success and opportunities to link knowledge with action. In developing the agenda, the planning committee chose topics that were timely and cut across the concerns of individual institutions, reflecting the interests of a variety of stakeholders. Panelists were encouraged to share their perspectives on a given topic; however, each panel was designed to provoke discussion that took advantage of the broad experience of the participants. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Challenges and Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences %@ 978-0-309-22283-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13293/challenges-and-opportunities-in-the-hydrologic-sciences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13293/challenges-and-opportunities-in-the-hydrologic-sciences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 200 %X New research opportunities to advance hydrologic sciences promise a better understanding of the role of water in the Earth system that could help improve human welfare and the health of the environment. Reaching this understanding will require both exploratory research to better understand how the natural environment functions, and problem-driven research, to meet needs such as flood protection, supply of drinking water, irrigation, and water pollution. Collaboration among hydrologists, engineers, and scientists in other disciplines will be central to meeting the interdisciplinary research challenges outline in this report. New technological capabilities in remote sensing, chemical analysis, computation, and hydrologic modeling will help scientists leverage new research opportunities. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Continuing Innovation in Information Technology %@ 978-0-309-25962-0 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13427/continuing-innovation-in-information-technology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13427/continuing-innovation-in-information-technology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 42 %X Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, employment, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economy-both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)—continue to grow in size and importance. In 1995, the National Research Council's Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) produced the report Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure. A graphic in that report, often called the "tire tracks" diagram because of its appearance, produced an extraordinary response by clearly linking government investments in academic and industry research to the ultimate creation of new information technology industries with more than $1 billion in annual revenue. Used in presentations to Congress and executive branch decision makers and discussed broadly in the research and innovation policy communities, the tire tracks figure dispelled the assumption that the commercially successful IT industry is self-sufficient, underscoring through long incubation periods of years and even decades. The figure was updated in 2002, 2003, and 2009 reports produced by the CSTB. With the support of the National Science Foundation, CSTB updated the tire tracks figure. Continuing Innovation in Information Technology includes the updated figure and a brief text based in large part on prior CSTB reports. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Parametrix, Inc. %E Consulting, Venner %E Resources, Oregon State University Institute for Natural %T Expedited Planning and Environmental Review of Highway Projects %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22888/expedited-planning-and-environmental-review-of-highway-projects %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22888/expedited-planning-and-environmental-review-of-highway-projects %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 120 %X TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-C19-RR-1: Expedited Planning and Environmental Review of Highway Projects identifies strategies that have been successfully used to expedite the planning and environmental review of transportation and some nontransportation projects within the context of existing laws and regulations.The report also identifies 16 common constraints on project delivery and 24 strategies for addressing or avoiding the constraints.While the strategies and constraints are associated with planning and environmental review, many of the strategies are also applicable to design and construction.Results of SHRP 2 Report S2-C19-RR-1 have been incorporated into the Transportation for Communities—Advancing Projects through Partnerships (TCAPP) website. TCAPP is now known as PlanWorks.An e-book version of this report is available for purchase at Google, iTunes, and Amazon. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas %@ 978-0-309-21742-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13165/a-framework-for-k-12-science-education-practices-crosscutting-concepts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13165/a-framework-for-k-12-science-education-practices-crosscutting-concepts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 400 %X Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. The United States' position in the global economy is declining, in part because U.S. workers lack fundamental knowledge in these fields. To address the critical issues of U.S. competitiveness and to better prepare the workforce, A Framework for K-12 Science Education proposes a new approach to K-12 science education that will capture students' interest and provide them with the necessary foundational knowledge in the field. A Framework for K-12 Science Education outlines a broad set of expectations for students in science and engineering in grades K-12. These expectations will inform the development of new standards for K-12 science education and, subsequently, revisions to curriculum, instruction, assessment, and professional development for educators. This book identifies three dimensions that convey the core ideas and practices around which science and engineering education in these grades should be built. These three dimensions are: crosscutting concepts that unify the study of science through their common application across science and engineering; scientific and engineering practices; and disciplinary core ideas in the physical sciences, life sciences, and earth and space sciences and for engineering, technology, and the applications of science. The overarching goal is for all high school graduates to have sufficient knowledge of science and engineering to engage in public discussions on science-related issues, be careful consumers of scientific and technical information, and enter the careers of their choice. A Framework for K-12 Science Education is the first step in a process that can inform state-level decisions and achieve a research-grounded basis for improving science instruction and learning across the country. The book will guide standards developers, teachers, curriculum designers, assessment developers, state and district science administrators, and educators who teach science in informal environments. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Singer, Susan R. %E Nielsen, Natalie R. %E Schweingruber, Heidi A. %T Discipline-Based Education Research: Understanding and Improving Learning in Undergraduate Science and Engineering %@ 978-0-309-25411-3 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13362/discipline-based-education-research-understanding-and-improving-learning-in-undergraduate %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13362/discipline-based-education-research-understanding-and-improving-learning-in-undergraduate %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 282 %X The National Science Foundation funded a synthesis study on the status, contributions, and future direction of discipline-based education research (DBER) in physics, biological sciences, geosciences, and chemistry. DBER combines knowledge of teaching and learning with deep knowledge of discipline-specific science content. It describes the discipline-specific difficulties learners face and the specialized intellectual and instructional resources that can facilitate student understanding. Discipline-Based Education Research is based on a 30-month study built on two workshops held in 2008 to explore evidence on promising practices in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This book asks questions that are essential to advancing DBER and broadening its impact on undergraduate science teaching and learning. The book provides empirical research on undergraduate teaching and learning in the sciences, explores the extent to which this research currently influences undergraduate instruction, and identifies the intellectual and material resources required to further develop DBER. Discipline-Based Education Research provides guidance for future DBER research. In addition, the findings and recommendations of this report may invite, if not assist, post-secondary institutions to increase interest and research activity in DBER and improve its quality and usefulness across all natural science disciples, as well as guide instruction and assessment across natural science courses to improve student learning. The book brings greater focus to issues of student attrition in the natural sciences that are related to the quality of instruction. Discipline-Based Education Research will be of interest to educators, policy makers, researchers, scholars, decision makers in universities, government agencies, curriculum developers, research sponsors, and education advocacy groups. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T Assuring the U.S. Department of Defense a Strong Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce %@ 978-0-309-26213-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13467/assuring-the-us-department-of-defense-a-strong-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-workforce %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13467/assuring-the-us-department-of-defense-a-strong-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-workforce %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Industry and Labor %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 156 %X The ability of the nation's military to prevail during future conflicts, and to fulfill its humanitarian and other missions, depends on continued advances in the nation's technology base. A workforce with robust Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) capabilities is critical to sustaining U.S. preeminence. Today, however, the STEM activities of the Department of Defense (DOD) are a small and diminishing part of the nation's overall science and engineering enterprise. Assuring the U.S. Department of Defense a Strong Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce presents five principal recommendations for attracting, retaining, and managing highly qualified STEM talent within the department based on an examination of the current STEM workforce of DOD and the defense industrial base. As outlined in the report, DOD should focus its investments to ensure that STEM competencies in all potentially critical, emerging topical areas are maintained at least at a basic level within the department and its industrial and university bases. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Millett, Lynette I. %E Estrin, Deborah L. %T Computing Research for Sustainability %@ 978-0-309-25758-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13415/computing-research-for-sustainability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13415/computing-research-for-sustainability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 172 %X A broad and growing literature describes the deep and multidisciplinary nature of the sustainability challenges faced by the United States and the world. Despite the profound technical challenges involved, sustainability is not, at its root, a technical problem, nor will merely technical solutions be sufficient. Instead, deep economic, political, and cultural adjustments will ultimately be required, along with a major, long-term commitment in each sphere to deploy the requisite technical solutions at scale. Nevertheless, technological advances and enablers have a clear role in supporting such change, and information technology (IT) is a natural bridge between technical and social solutions because it can offer improved communication and transparency for fostering the necessary economic, political, and cultural adjustments. Moreover, IT is at the heart of nearly every large-scale socioeconomic system-including systems for finance, manufacturing, and the generation and distribution of energy-and so sustainability-focused changes in those systems are inextricably linked with advances in IT. The focus of Computing Research for Sustainability is "greening through IT," the application of computing to promote sustainability broadly. The aim of this report is twofold: to shine a spotlight on areas where IT innovation and computer science (CS) research can help, and to urge the computing research community to bring its approaches and methodologies to bear on these pressing global challenges. Computing Research for Sustainability focuses on addressing medium- and long-term challenges in a way that would have significant, measurable impact. The findings and recommended principles of the Committee on Computing Research for Environmental and Societal Sustainability concern four areas: (1) the relevance of IT and CS to sustainability; (2) the value of the CS approach to problem solving, particularly as it pertains to sustainability challenges; (3) key CS research areas; and (4) strategy and pragmatic approaches for CS research on sustainability. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T A Review of the U.S. Global Change Research Program's Draft Strategic Plan %@ 978-0-309-25237-9 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13330/a-review-of-the-us-global-change-research-programs-draft-strategic-plan %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13330/a-review-of-the-us-global-change-research-programs-draft-strategic-plan %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 72 %X The U.S. government supports a large, diverse suite of activities that can be broadly characterized as "global change research." Such research offers a wide array of benefits to the nation, in terms of protecting public health and safety, enhancing economic strength and competitiveness, and protecting the natural systems upon which life depends. The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), which coordinates the efforts of numerous agencies and departments across the federal government, was officially established in 1990 through the U.S. Global Change Research Act (GCRA). In the subsequent years, the scope, structure, and priorities of the Program have evolved, (for example, it was referred to as the Climate Change Science Program [CCSP] for the years 2002-2008), but throughout, the Program has played an important role in shaping and coordinating our nation's global change research enterprise. This research enterprise, in turn, has played a crucial role in advancing understanding of our changing global environment and the countless ways in which human society affects and is affected by such changes. In mid-2011, a new NRC Committee to Advise the USGCRP was formed and charged to provide a centralized source of ongoing whole-program advice to the USGCRP. The first major task of this committee was to provide a review of the USGCRP draft Strategic Plan 2012-2021 (referred to herein as "the Plan"), which was made available for public comment on September 30, 2011. A Review of the U.S. Global Change Research Program's Strategic Plan addresses an array of suggestions for improving the Plan, ranging from relatively small edits to large questions about the Program's scope, goals, and capacity to meet those goals. The draft Plan proposes a significant broadening of the Program's scope from the form it took as the CCSP. Outlined in this report, issues of key importance are the need to identify initial steps the Program will take to actually achieve the proposed broadening of its scope, to develop critical science capacity that is now lacking, and to link the production of knowledge to its use; and the need to establish an overall governance structure that will allow the Program to move in the planned new directions. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Turnbull, Katherine %T Research on Fatigue in Transit Operations %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22705/research-on-fatigue-in-transit-operations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22705/research-on-fatigue-in-transit-operations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 68 %X TRB’s Conference Proceedings on the Web 7: Research on Fatigue in Transit Operations is the summary of what occurred at an October 2011 conference that explored highlighted experiences addressing fatigue in other transportation modes, health effects of fatigue, safety impacts of fatigue, and fatigue issues and initiatives in transit. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Linking Community Visioning and Highway Capacity Planning %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14580/linking-community-visioning-and-highway-capacity-planning %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14580/linking-community-visioning-and-highway-capacity-planning %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 77 %X TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-C08-RR-1: Linking Community Visioning and Highway Capacity Planning explores community visioning efforts, identifies steps and activities that might be considered when engaging in visioning, and highlights the links between vision outcomes and transportation planning and project development processes.The report also presents a model—the Vision Guide—that is a blueprint for preparing, creating, and implementing a visioning process. As part of the project that produced Report S2-C08-RR-1, a companion web tool was also developed. The web tool, Transportation—Visioning for Communities (T-VIZ), is the interactive version of the Vision Guide.Appendixes to the report, which are available only in electronic format, are as follows:• Appendix A: Case Study Summaries• Appendix B: Considering Communities• Appendix C: Stakeholder Outreach Resources• Appendix D: Commitment Tracking An e-book version of this report is available for purchase at Google, iTunes, and Amazon. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Masciangioli, Tina %E Alper, Joe %T Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscale: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-22590-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13317/challenges-in-characterizing-small-particles-exploring-particles-from-the-nano %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13317/challenges-in-characterizing-small-particles-exploring-particles-from-the-nano %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 100 %X Small particles are ubiquitous in the natural and built worlds and have tremendous impact throughout. However, a lack of understanding about the properties and chemical composition of small particles limits our ability to predict, and control their applications and impacts. Challenges in Characterizing Small Particles: Exploring Particles from the Nano- to Microscales summarizes presentations and discussions at a 2010 National Academies roundtable. Speakers at this roundtable discussed the crucial types of information that need to be determined about small particles in different media. They also explored the critical importance of small particles in environmental science, materials and chemical sciences, biological science, and engineering, and the many challenges involved in characterizing materials at the nano- and microscales. The discussions on characterization included static, dynamic, experimental, computational, and theoretical characterization. The workshop also included several "research tool" presentations that highlighted new advances in characterizing small particles. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Stoddard, Albert T., III %E Sampson, David %E Cahoon, Jill %E Hall, Ronald %E Schauer, Peter %E Southern, Valerie J. %E Almeida, Tangerine %T Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: Final Research Report %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22759/developing-enhancing-and-sustaining-tribal-transit-services-final-research-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22759/developing-enhancing-and-sustaining-tribal-transit-services-final-research-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 154 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 54: Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: Final Research Report describes the research project that resulted in development of TCRP Report 154: Developing, Enhancing, and Sustaining Tribal Transit Services: A Guidebook. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T Report of a Workshop on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce Needs for the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Defense Industrial Base %@ 978-0-309-25180-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13318/report-of-a-workshop-on-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-workforce-needs-for-the-us-department-of-defense-and-the-us-defense-industrial-base %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13318/report-of-a-workshop-on-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-stem-workforce-needs-for-the-us-department-of-defense-and-the-us-defense-industrial-base %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Industry and Labor %P 78 %X Report of a Workshop on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Workforce Needs for the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Defense Industrial Base is the summary of a workshop held August 11, 2011, as part of an 18-month study of the issue. This book assesses the STEM capabilities that the Department of Defense (DOD) needs in order to meet its goals, objectives, and priorities; to assess whether the current DOD workforce and strategy will meet those needs; and to identify and evaluate options and recommend strategies that the department could use to help meet its future STEM needs. %0 Book %T Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative %@ 978-0-309-26150-0 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13457/disaster-resilience-a-national-imperative %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13457/disaster-resilience-a-national-imperative %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 260 %X No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience—the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Baglin, Chris %T Airport Climate Adaptation and Resilience %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22773/airport-climate-adaptation-and-resilience %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22773/airport-climate-adaptation-and-resilience %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 87 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 33: Airport Climate Adaptation and Resilience reviews the range of risks to airports from projected climate change and the emerging approaches for handling them.