%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation: Special Report 290 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12179/potential-impacts-of-climate-change-on-us-transportation-special-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12179/potential-impacts-of-climate-change-on-us-transportation-special-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 296 %X TRB Special Report 290: The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S. Transportation explores the consequences of climate change for U.S. transportation infrastructure and operations. The report provides an overview of the scientific consensus on the current and future climate changes of particular relevance to U.S. transportation, including the limits of present scientific understanding as to their precise timing, magnitude, and geographic location; identifies potential impacts on U.S. transportation and adaptation options; and offers recommendations for both research and actions that can be taken to prepare for climate change. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Effects of TOD on Housing, Parking, and Travel %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14179/effects-of-tod-on-housing-parking-and-travel %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14179/effects-of-tod-on-housing-parking-and-travel %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 58 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 128: Effects of TOD on Housing, Parking, and Travel explores the demographics of transit-oriented development (TOD) residents and employers, and their motives for locating in TODs. The report also examines the travel characteristics of residence before and after moving to a TOD and ways to increase transit ridership among these residents. In addition, the report reviews the potential effect of land-use and design features on travel patterns, transit ridership, and the decision to locate in a TOD. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T Energy Futures and Urban Air Pollution: Challenges for China and the United States %@ 978-0-309-11140-9 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12001/energy-futures-and-urban-air-pollution-challenges-for-china-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12001/energy-futures-and-urban-air-pollution-challenges-for-china-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 386 %X The United States and China are the top two energy consumers in the world. As a consequence, they are also the top two emitters of numerous air pollutants which have local, regional, and global impacts. Urbanization has led to serious air pollution problems in U.S. and Chinese cities; although U.S. cities continues to face challenges, the lessons they have learned in managing energy use and air quality are relevant to the Chinese experience. This report summarizes current trends, profiles two U.S. and two Chinese cities, and recommends key actions to enable each country to continue to improve urban air quality. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lemon, Stanley M. %E Sparling, P. Frederick %E Hamburg, Margaret A. %E Relman, David A. %E Choffnes, Eileen R. %E Mack, Alison %T Vector-Borne Diseases: Understanding the Environmental, Human Health, and Ecological Connections: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10897-3 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11950/vector-borne-diseases-understanding-the-environmental-human-health-and-ecological %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11950/vector-borne-diseases-understanding-the-environmental-human-health-and-ecological %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 350 %X Vector-borne infectious diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and plague, cause a significant fraction of the global infectious disease burden; indeed, nearly half of the world's population is infected with at least one type of vector-borne pathogen (CIESIN, 2007; WHO, 2004a). Vector-borne plant and animal diseases, including several newly recognized pathogens, reduce agricultural productivity and disrupt ecosystems throughout the world. These diseases profoundly restrict socioeconomic status and development in countries with the highest rates of infection, many of which are located in the tropics and subtropics. Although this workshop summary provides an account of the individual presentations, it also reflects an important aspect of the Forum philosophy. The workshop functions as a dialogue among representatives from different sectors and allows them to present their beliefs about which areas may merit further attention. These proceedings summarize only the statements of participants in the workshop and are not intended to be an exhaustive exploration of the subject matter or a representation of consensus evaluation. Vector-Borne Diseases : Understanding the Environmental, Human Health, and Ecological Connections, Workshop Summary (Forum on Microbial Threats) summarizes this workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Avise, John C. %E Hubbell, Stephen P. %E Ayala, Francisco J. %T In the Light of Evolution: Volume II: Biodiversity and Extinction %@ 978-0-309-12743-1 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12501/in-the-light-of-evolution-volume-ii-biodiversity-and-extinction %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12501/in-the-light-of-evolution-volume-ii-biodiversity-and-extinction %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 432 %X The current extinction crisis is of human making, and any favorable resolution of that biodiversity crisis--among the most dire in the 4-billion-year history of Earth--will have to be initiated by mankind. Little time remains for the public, corporations, and governments to awaken to the magnitude of what is at stake. This book aims to assist that critical educational mission, synthesizing recent scientific information and ideas about threats to biodiversity in the past, present, and projected future. This is the second volume from the In the Light of Evolution series, based on a series of Arthur M. Sackler colloquia, and designed to promote the evolutionary sciences. Each installment explores evolutionary perspectives on a particular biological topic that is scientifically intriguing but also has special relevance to contemporary societal issues or challenges. Individually and collectively, the ILE series aims to interpret phenomena in various areas of biology through the lens of evolution, address some of the most intellectually engaging as well as pragmatically important societal issues of our times, and foster a greater appreciation of evolutionary biology as a consolidating foundation for the life sciences. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A Institute of Medicine %T Science, Evolution, and Creationism %@ 978-0-309-10586-6 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11876/science-evolution-and-creationism %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11876/science-evolution-and-creationism %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Education %P 88 %X How did life evolve on Earth? The answer to this question can help us understand our past and prepare for our future. Although evolution provides credible and reliable answers, polls show that many people turn away from science, seeking other explanations with which they are more comfortable. In the book Science, Evolution, and Creationism, a group of experts assembled by the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine explain the fundamental methods of science, document the overwhelming evidence in support of biological evolution, and evaluate the alternative perspectives offered by advocates of various kinds of creationism, including "intelligent design." The book explores the many fascinating inquiries being pursued that put the science of evolution to work in preventing and treating human disease, developing new agricultural products, and fostering industrial innovations. The book also presents the scientific and legal reasons for not teaching creationist ideas in public school science classes. Mindful of school board battles and recent court decisions, Science, Evolution, and Creationism shows that science and religion should be viewed as different ways of understanding the world rather than as frameworks that are in conflict with each other and that the evidence for evolution can be fully compatible with religious faith. For educators, students, teachers, community leaders, legislators, policy makers, and parents who seek to understand the basis of evolutionary science, this publication will be an essential resource. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Desalination: A National Perspective %@ 978-0-309-11923-8 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12184/desalination-a-national-perspective %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12184/desalination-a-national-perspective %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 312 %X There has been an exponential increase in desalination capacity both globally and nationally since 1960, fueled in part by growing concern for local water scarcity and made possible to a great extent by a major federal investment for desalination research and development. Traditional sources of supply are increasingly expensive, unavailable, or controversial, but desalination technology offers the potential to substantially reduce water scarcity by converting the almost inexhaustible supply of seawater and the apparently vast quantities of brackish groundwater into new sources of freshwater. Desalination assesses the state of the art in relevant desalination technologies, and factors such as cost and implementation challenges. It also describes reasonable long-term goals for advancing desalination technology, posits recommendations for action and research, estimates the funding necessary to support the proposed research agenda, and identifies appropriate roles for governmental and nongovernmental entities.