%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Examples of Best Practices for Communicating the Economic Benefits of Transportation %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23151/examples-of-best-practices-for-communicating-the-economic-benefits-of-transportation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23151/examples-of-best-practices-for-communicating-the-economic-benefits-of-transportation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 0 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 100: Examples of Best Practices for Communicating the Economic Benefits of Transportation explores strategies and techniques that have been employed in the field to effectively communicate transportation's importance to the economy. The report also examines the circumstances under which the strategies and techniques were used, and why they may or may not have been successful. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Sediment Dredging at Superfund Megasites: Assessing the Effectiveness %@ 978-0-309-10977-2 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11968/sediment-dredging-at-superfund-megasites-assessing-the-effectiveness %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11968/sediment-dredging-at-superfund-megasites-assessing-the-effectiveness %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 316 %X Some of the nation's estuaries, lakes and other water bodies contain contaminated sediments that can adversely affect fish and wildlife and may then find their way into people's diets. Dredging is one of the few options available for attempting to clean up contaminated sediments, but it can uncover and re-suspend buried contaminants, creating additional exposures for wildlife and people. At the request of Congress, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate dredging as a cleanup technique. The book finds that, based on a review of available evidence, dredging's ability to decrease environmental and health risks is still an open question. Analysis of pre-dredging and post-dredging at about 20 sites found a wide range of outcomes in terms of surface sediment concentrations of contaminants: some sites showed increases, some no change, and some decreases in concentrations. Evaluating the potential long-term benefits of dredging will require that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency step up monitoring activities before, during and after individual cleanups to determine whether it is working there and what combinations of techniques are most effective. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector: Special Report 289 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12019/building-the-road-safety-profession-in-the-public-sector-special %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12019/building-the-road-safety-profession-in-the-public-sector-special %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Industry and Labor %P 114 %X TRB Special Report 289: Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector examines the growing need for experts at all levels of government to develop and implement systems- and science-based approaches to road safety management. According to the committee that authored the report, the lack of professional recognition and comprehensive road safety education and training opportunities is threatening the ability of public agencies to build the knowledgeable and skilled road safety workforce that is needed to make safety advances. To address this need, the report recommends that the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the Governors Highway Safety Association forge a broad-based alliance of public, private, and educational organizations to champion the road safety profession. The report recommends that the alliance encourage states to take advantage of federal workforce training funds for the purpose of developing road safety professionals and to advocate comprehensive road safety education and training by universities, including the many publicly funded transportation and safety research centers. In addition, the report urges the alliance to explore the creation of one or more specialized institutes to provide comprehensive instruction and training for road safety professionals. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Metropolitan Planning Organization, Present and Future %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23141/the-metropolitan-planning-organization-present-and-future %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23141/the-metropolitan-planning-organization-present-and-future %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s Conference Proceedings 39: The Metropolitan Planning Organization, Present and Future summarizes an August 2006 conference that explored the organizational structure of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), the current state of the practice for regional decision making among MPOs of various sizes, and approaches to integrating a wide array of additional considerations into the MPO planning process. The conference also examined approaches to institutionalizing an integrated approach to comprehensive planning, and development of relationships with local decision-making bodies within the MPO region. The conference proceeding includes summaries of the presentations made in each conference session, as well as a summary of the participants’ discussions in the final breakout sessions, focused on research and capacity building. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guidebook for Integrating Freight into Transportation Planning and Project Selection Processes %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23137/guidebook-for-integrating-freight-into-transportation-planning-and-project-selection-processes %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23137/guidebook-for-integrating-freight-into-transportation-planning-and-project-selection-processes %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 594: Guidebook for Integrating Freight into Transportation Planning and Project Selection Processes explores a framework for incorporating freight needs for all modes into transportation planning and priority programming by state, regional, metropolitan, local, and special transportation agencies. The report covers technical issues, organizational suggestions, and communication requirements of freight planning and programming. A project final report that describes the case studies used to help develop the guidebook and other resources used in the guidebook is available as NCHRP Web-Only Document 112. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guidebook for Freight Policy, Planning, and Programming in Small- and Medium-Sized Metropolitan Areas %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14036/guidebook-for-freight-policy-planning-and-programming-in-small-and-medium-sized-metropolitan-areas %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14036/guidebook-for-freight-policy-planning-and-programming-in-small-and-medium-sized-metropolitan-areas %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 190 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 570: Guidebook for Freight Policy, Planning, and Programming in Small- and Medium-Sized Metropolitan Areas explores how freight policy, planning, and programming processes can be most effectively designed, initiated, and managed in metropolitan areas of these sizes. The report examines lessons learned from experiences in small- and medium-sized metropolitan areas that resulted in more effective consideration of freight issues in policy, planning, and programming decisions. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guide to Effective Freeway Performance Measurement: Final Report and Guidebook %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23196/guide-to-effective-freeway-performance-measurement-final-report-and-guidebook %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23196/guide-to-effective-freeway-performance-measurement-final-report-and-guidebook %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 97: Guide to Effective Freeway Performance Measurement: Final Report and Guidebook examines the effective use of freeway performance measures in operating a freeway system and in meeting the information needs of a large spectrum of potential local, regional, and national users. The report includes detailed, step-by-step procedures for measurement and reporting of freeway performance. NCHRP Research Results Digest 312: Guide to Effective Freeway Performance Measurement explores the framework that was used to develop Web-Only Document 97. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guide to Effective Freeway Performance Measurement %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23197/guide-to-effective-freeway-performance-measurement %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23197/guide-to-effective-freeway-performance-measurement %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 40 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 312: Guide to Effective Freeway Performance Measurement explores the framework that was used to develop a guide on the effective use of freeway performance measures in operating a freeway system and in meeting the information needs of a large spectrum of potential local, regional, and national users. The Guidebook itself, presenting detailed, step-by-step procedures for measurement and reporting of freeway performance, is available as part of Web-Only Document 97: Guide to Effective Freeway Performance Measurement: Final Report and Guidebook. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Guidebook for Using American Community Survey Data for Transportation Planning %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13895/a-guidebook-for-using-american-community-survey-data-for-transportation-planning %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13895/a-guidebook-for-using-american-community-survey-data-for-transportation-planning %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 275 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 588: A Guidebook for Using American Community Survey Data for Transportation Planning explores incorporating the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) data into the transportation planning processes at national, state, metropolitan, and local levels. The report examines ACS data and products and demonstrates their uses within a wide range of transportation planning applications. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Elements Needed to Create High-Ridership Transit Systems %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23175/elements-needed-to-create-high-ridership-transit-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23175/elements-needed-to-create-high-ridership-transit-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 173 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 111: Elements Needed to Create High-Ridership Transit Systems explores the strategies used by transit agencies to create high ridership. The report includes case studies that focus on the internal and external elements that contributed to successful ridership increases and examines how the transit agencies influenced or overcame internal and external challenges to increase ridership. The report includes a companion interactive CD-ROM that contains a database of individual transit agency ridership strategies linked to the strategies and examples presented in the report. The CD-ROM also contains a brochure that outlines the key elements identified in this report for increasing and sustaining ridership.Links to the download site for the CRP-CD-66 and to instructions on burning an .ISO CD-ROM are below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the CRP-CD-66 CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.) %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Research to Enhance Rail Network Performance %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21998/research-to-enhance-rail-network-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21998/research-to-enhance-rail-network-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 189 %X TRB's Conference Proceedings on the Web 3: Research to Enhance Rail Network Performance contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Research to Enhance Rail Network Performance, held on April 5-6, 2006, in Washington, D.C. The workshop was conducted by and the report developed by the TRB Committee for Review of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Research, Development, and Deployment Programs. In addition, research needs statements produced by breakout groups during the workshop, related to the conference themes of safety, capacity, and efficiency, are provided as links to the report. These research needs statements formed the raw material for the committee to consider in making recommendations to the FRA on future directions for research. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Appendixes to NCHRP Research Results Digest 314: State DOT Staff Resources for Administering Federal Public Transportation Programs %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22002/appendixes-to-nchrp-research-results-digest-314-state-dot-staff-resources-for-administering-federal-public-transportation-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22002/appendixes-to-nchrp-research-results-digest-314-state-dot-staff-resources-for-administering-federal-public-transportation-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 99 contains the appendixes to NCHRP Research Results Digest (RRD) 314: State DOT Staff Resources for Administering Federal Public Transportation Programs. NCHRP RRD 314 examines the staff resources that state departments of transportation (DOTs) devote to public transportation programs and explores the ability of the states to adequately administer existing and emerging Federal Transit Administration public transportation programs. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Integrating Freight into Transportation Planning and Project-Selection Processes %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23139/integrating-freight-into-transportation-planning-and-project-selection-processes %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23139/integrating-freight-into-transportation-planning-and-project-selection-processes %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 112: Integrating Freight into Transportation Planning and Project-Selection Processes documents the approach and findings resulting from a project that explored techniques designed to help states and MPOs more fully incorporate freight throughout the entire transportation planning and programming process and more effectively plan, develop, program, and implement freight improvement projects. NCHRP Report 594: Freight Planning and Programming Guidebook organizes the findings and recommendations of the project into a user-oriented guidebook format and includes the full set of case studies developed as part of the project. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Appendixes to TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Passenger Security Inspections, A Guide for Policy Decision Makers %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23170/appendixes-to-tcrp-report-86-public-transportation-passenger-security-inspections-a-guide-for-policy-decision-makers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23170/appendixes-to-tcrp-report-86-public-transportation-passenger-security-inspections-a-guide-for-policy-decision-makers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 0 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 38--Appendixes to TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Passenger Security Inspections, A Guide for Policy Decision Makers contains the detailed appendixes to TCRP Report 86 Vol. 13. TCRP Report 86 Vol. 13 suggests guidance that a public transportation agency may use when considering whether, where, when, and how to introduce a passenger security inspection program into its operations.The TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security series assembles relevant information into single, concise volumes, each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. These volumes focus on the concerns that transit agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Preserving Freight and Passenger Rail Corridors and Service %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14115/preserving-freight-and-passenger-rail-corridors-and-service %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14115/preserving-freight-and-passenger-rail-corridors-and-service %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 31 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 374: Preserving Freight and Passenger Rail Corridors and Service explores issues associated with the retention of railroad rights-of-way or restoration of rail services. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %E Robinson, Sally %T Challenges for the FDA: The Future of Drug Safety: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10986-4 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11969/challenges-for-the-fda-the-future-of-drug-safety-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11969/challenges-for-the-fda-the-future-of-drug-safety-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 128 %X As the principal agency regulating food, drugs, medical devices, and biological products used by Americans, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) serves one of the most critical consumer protection functions of the federal government. The FDA's reach is enormous, regulating products that represent roughly 25 percent of all consumer spending in the United States. Since 1992, however, federal funding for the agency has diminished, and the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) currently relies on the fees it receives from the industry it regulates to fund the majority of its drug regulation functions. Prescription drug safety is receiving heightened press coverage and congressional scrutiny as a result of recent, highly publicized events, such as the recall of Vioxx because of its link to heart attacks, and the link between certain antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs) and an increased risk of suicidal ideation in children. To address these concerns, the FDA in 2005 commissioned the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to conduct an independent assessment of the current U.S. drug safety system. In September 2006, the IOM committee released its report—The Future of Drug Safety: Promoting and Protecting the Health of the Public—which included 25 recommendations for improving the system for drug safety review. The committee identified four major vulnerabilities in the U.S. drug safety system: (1) chronic underfunding; (2) organization problems, particularly inadequate integration of pre-and postmarket data review; (3) a range of technical problems related to the insufficient quantity and quality of postmarket data and inadequate capability to systematically monitor the risks and benefits of drugs after marketing; and (4) unclear regulatory authority and insufficiently flexible regulatory tools. Since the IOM report was issued, the FDA has taken a number of steps toward implementing the recommended improvements. Like many government agencies, however, the FDA is financially strained by its existing responsibilities, and fully implementing the recommended improvements to the drug safety system would require significant financial commitments.The IOM report addressed some of the costs associated with its recommendations, but left many unanswered questions about the resources required to fully achieve the envisioned improvements. To better understand the types and magnitude of resources required to achieve the goals of the IOM report, the IOM's Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation convened a 1-day symposium in March 2007. Challenges for the FDA: The Future of Drug Safety, Workshop Summary explains the presentations and discussions in seven key areas: addressing the FDA's resource challenges; strengthening the scientific base of the agency; integrating pre- and postmarket review; enhancing postmarket safety monitoring; conducting confirmatory drug safety and efficacy studies; enhancing the value of clinical trial registration; and enhancing the FDA's postmarket regulation and enforcement. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T Metropolitan Travel Forecasting: Current Practice and Future Direction -- Special Report 288 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11981/metropolitan-travel-forecasting-current-practice-and-future-direction-special-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11981/metropolitan-travel-forecasting-current-practice-and-future-direction-special-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 144 %X TRB Special Report 288, Metropolitan Travel Forecasting: Current Practice and Future Direction, examines metropolitan travel forecasting models that provide public officials with information to inform decisions on major transportation system investments and policies. The report explores what improvements may be needed to the models and how federal, state, and local agencies can achieve them. According to the committee that produced the report, travel forecasting models in current use are not adequate for many of today's necessary planning and regulatory uses. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 17, Transit-Oriented Development %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14077/traveler-response-to-transportation-system-changes-handbook-third-edition-chapter-17-transit-oriented-development %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14077/traveler-response-to-transportation-system-changes-handbook-third-edition-chapter-17-transit-oriented-development %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 135 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 95: Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes, Chapter 17--Transit-Oriented Development explores the transit-oriented development (TOD) land use strategy and its transportation impacts in terms of regional context, land use mix, and primary transit mode. TOD generally refers to higher-density development, with pedestrian priority, located within easy walking distance of a major public transit station or stop.The Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook consists of these Chapter 1 introductory materials and 15 stand-alone published topic area chapters. Each topic area chapter provides traveler response findings including supportive information and interpretation, and also includes case studies and a bibliography consisting of the references utilized as sources. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Rail Freight Solutions to Roadway Congestion--Final Report and Guidebook %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14098/rail-freight-solutions-to-roadway-congestion-final-report-and-guidebook %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14098/rail-freight-solutions-to-roadway-congestion-final-report-and-guidebook %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 239 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 586: Rail Freight Solutions to Roadway Congestion-Final Report and Guidebook explores guidance on evaluating the potential feasibility, cost, and benefits of investing in rail freight solutions to alleviate highway congestion from heavy truck traffic. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs %@ 978-0-309-10321-3 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11753/polar-icebreakers-in-a-changing-world-an-assessment-of-us %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11753/polar-icebreakers-in-a-changing-world-an-assessment-of-us %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Earth Sciences %P 134 %X The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. Polar icebreaking ships are needed to access both regions. Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has supported a fleet of four icebreakers—three multi-mission U.S. Coast Guard ships (the POLAR SEA, POLAR STAR, and HEALY) and the National Science Foundation's PALMER, which is dedicated solely to scientific research. Today, the POLAR STAR and the POLAR SEA are at the end of their service lives, and a lack of funds and no plans for an extension of the program has put U.S. icebreaking capability at risk. This report concludes that the United States should continue to support its interests in the Arctic and Antarctic for multiple missions, including maintaining leadership in polar science. The report recommends that the United States immediately program, budget, design, and construct two new polar icebreakers to be operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The POLAR SEA should remain mission capable and the POLAR STAR should remain available for reactivation until the new polar icebreakers enter service. The U.S. Coast Guard should be provided sufficient operations and maintenance budget to support an increased, regular, and influential presence in the Arctic, with support from other agencies. The report also calls for a Presidential Decision Directive to clearly align agency responsibilities and budgetary authorities.