%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Smartcard Interoperability Issues for the Transit Industry %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14012/smartcard-interoperability-issues-for-the-transit-industry %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14012/smartcard-interoperability-issues-for-the-transit-industry %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 99 %X TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 115: Smartcard Interoperability Issues for the Transit Industry explores interoperability; identifies information needed by public agencies to implement smartcard payment systems interoperability; examines the necessary information flows; and outlines a set of functions needed for a standard public domain application programming interface (API) that may be used in the development of a uniform application protocol data unit (APDU). The report also includes a prototype for an API and an APDU that demonstrates this “proof of concept” for International Organization for Standardization-compliant Type A and Type B cards. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of Recreational Fisheries Survey Methods %@ 978-0-309-10193-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11616/review-of-recreational-fisheries-survey-methods %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11616/review-of-recreational-fisheries-survey-methods %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Earth Sciences %P 202 %X Recreational fishing in the United States is an important social and economic component of many marine fisheries, with an estimated 14 million anglers making almost 82 million fishing trips in 2004. Although each individual angler typically harvests a small number of fish, collectively these sport fisheries can take a significant fraction of the yearly catch—in some cases more than commercial fisheries. For example, in 1999, recreational fishing accounted for 94% of the total catch of spotted sea trout, 76% of striped bass and sheephead, and 60 percent of king mackerel. It is important that systems used to monitor fishing catch are adequate for timely management of recreational fisheries. However, the large number of anglers and access points makes monitoring recreational fishing much more difficult than monitoring commercial fishing. This report reviews the types of survey methods used to estimate catch in recreational fisheries, including state/federal cooperative programs. The report finds that both telephone survey and onsite access components of the current monitoring systems have serious flaws in design or implementation. There are also several areas of miscommunication and mismatched criteria among designers of surveys, data collectors, and recreational fisheries. The report recommends that a comprehensive, universal sampling frame with national coverage should be established, and that improvements should be made in statistical analysis of the data collected and in the ways the data are communicated. A permanent and independent research group should be established and funded to evaluate the statistical design and adequacy of recreational fishery surveys and to guide necessary modifications or new initiatives. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Identification of Liability-Related Impediments to Sharing §409 Safety Data among Transportation Agencies and a Synthesis of Best Practices %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23326/identification-of-liability-related-impediments-to-sharing-409-safety-data-among-transportation-agencies-and-a-synthesis-of-best-practices %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23326/identification-of-liability-related-impediments-to-sharing-409-safety-data-among-transportation-agencies-and-a-synthesis-of-best-practices %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 14 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 306: Identification of Liability-Related Impediments to Sharing %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Evaluation of Best Management Practices for Highway Runoff Control %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23211/evaluation-of-best-management-practices-for-highway-runoff-control %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23211/evaluation-of-best-management-practices-for-highway-runoff-control %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 132 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 565: Evaluation of Best Management Practices for Highway Runoff Control examines best management practices for highway runoff control. These practices are designed to provide a means of avoiding or mitigating the negative impacts of various pollutants that can be carried by rainfall into the groundwater and receiving waters. These pollutants include materials discharged by vehicles using the highway system, pesticides and fertilizers from adjacent landscapes, and particulates from the breakdown of the pavements themselves.The theoretical material documented in the report is accompanied by a CD-ROM (CRP-CD-63, affixed to the back cover of this report) containing three additional volumes and a spreadsheet model. The additional volumes are the following: (1) User’s Guide for BMP/LID Selection (Guidelines Manual), (2) Appendices to the User’s Guide for BMP/LID Selection (Appendices), and (3) Low-Impact Development Design Manual for Highway Runoff Control (LID Design Manual).Links to the download site for the CRP-CD-63 and to instructions on burning an .ISO CD-ROM are below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the CRP-CD-63 CD-ROM Image(Warning: This file is large and may take some time to download) %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Improved Seismic Monitoring - Improved Decision-Making: Assessing the Value of Reduced Uncertainty %@ 978-0-309-09695-9 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11327/improved-seismic-monitoring-improved-decision-making-assessing-the-value-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11327/improved-seismic-monitoring-improved-decision-making-assessing-the-value-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 196 %X Improved Seismic Monitoring—Improved Decision-Making, describes and assesses the varied economic benefits potentially derived from modernizing and expanding seismic monitoring activities in the United States. These benefits include more effective loss avoidance regulations and strategies, improved understanding of earthquake processes, better engineering design, more effective hazard mitigation strategies, and improved emergency response and recovery. The economic principles that must be applied to determine potential benefits are reviewed and the report concludes that although there is insufficient information available at present to fully quantify all the potential benefits, the annual dollar costs for improved seismic monitoring are in the tens of millions and the potential annual dollar benefits are in the hundreds of millions. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Corporation, Science Applications International %T Security Measures for Ferry Systems %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13927/security-measures-for-ferry-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13927/security-measures-for-ferry-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 62 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 86: Public Transportation Security, Volume 11: Security Measures for Ferry Systems is designed to assist U.S. ferry system operators in evaluating and selecting general security measures (GSM) for their operations consistent with the National Incident Management System.The seven-step GSM evaluation process and the description of the characteristics of the U.S. ferry system in TCRP Report 86, vol. 11 are supplemented by an Excel tool for applying the seven-step GSM evaluation process.The TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security series assembles relevant information into single, concise volumes, each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. These volumes focus on the concerns that transit agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Safety Impacts and Other Implications of Raised Speed Limits on High-Speed Roads %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22048/safety-impacts-and-other-implications-of-raised-speed-limits-on-high-speed-roads %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22048/safety-impacts-and-other-implications-of-raised-speed-limits-on-high-speed-roads %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 90: Safety Impacts and Other Implications of Raised Speed Limits on High-Speed Roads examines how safety, economic, environmental, and commercial conditions on high-speed roadway may be impacted by a change in the speed limit. Safety-related analyses included in the report were based on a comprehensive framework of the disaggregate relationships between speed limits, driver speed choices, crash occurrence, and crash severity. An expanded summary of the report has been published as NCHRP Research Results Digest 303. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Bus Use of Shoulders %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13950/bus-use-of-shoulders %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13950/bus-use-of-shoulders %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 91 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 64: Bus Use of Shoulders explores transit agencies' experiences with policies and regulations that permit buses to use shoulders on arterial roads or freeways to bypass congestion either as interim or long-term treatments. The report examines the issue from the transit and highway perspectives. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Guide to Transportation's Role in Public Health Disasters %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13944/a-guide-to-transportations-role-in-public-health-disasters %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13944/a-guide-to-transportations-role-in-public-health-disasters %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 123 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 525: Surface Transportation Security, Volume 10: A Guide to Transportation's Role in Public Health Disasters examines development of transportation response options to an extreme event involving chemical, biological, or radiological agents. The report contains technical information on chemical, biological, and radiological threats, including vulnerabilities of the transportation system to these agents and consequence-minimization actions that may be taken within the transportation system in response to events that involve these agents. The report also includes a spreadsheet tool, called the Tracking Emergency Response Effects on Transportation (TERET), that is designed to assist transportation managers with recognition of mass-care transportation needs and identification and mitigation of potential transportation-related criticalities in essential services during extreme events. The report includes a user’s manual for TERET, as well as a PowerPoint slide introduction to chemical, biological, and radiological threat agents designed as an executive-level communications tool based on summary information from the report..NCHRP Report 525: Surface Transportation Security is a series in which relevant information is assembled into single, concise volumes—each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. The volumes focus on the concerns that transportation agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed.The National Academies has prepared, in cooperation with the Department of Homeland Security, fact sheets on biological, chemical, nuclear, and radiological terrorist attacks. They were designed primarily for reporters as part of the project News and Terrorism: Communicating in a Crisis, though they will be helpful to anyone looking for a clear explanation of the fundamentals of science, engineering, and health related to such attacks. TRB is a division of the National Academies, which include the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 2, HOV Facilities %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13995/traveler-response-to-transportation-system-changes-handbook-third-edition-chapter-2-hov-facilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13995/traveler-response-to-transportation-system-changes-handbook-third-edition-chapter-2-hov-facilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 139 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 95: Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes, Chapter 2 – HOV Facilities examines how travelers respond to high occupancy vehicle (HOV) applications. HOV facilities provide preferential treatment for transit, vanpools, carpools, and other designated vehicles by providing lanes and roadways reserved for their use. HOV and bus-only lanes in separate rights-of-way, on freeways and tollways, on ramps, and on arterials and city streets are among the approaches used for giving HOV priority over general traffic.The Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook consists of these Chapter 1 introductory materials and 15 stand-alone published topic area chapters. Each topic area chapter provides traveler response findings including supportive information and interpretation, and also includes case studies and a bibliography consisting of the references utilized as sources. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T The Fuel Tax and Alternatives for Transportation Funding: Special Report 285 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11568/the-fuel-tax-and-alternatives-for-transportation-funding-special-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11568/the-fuel-tax-and-alternatives-for-transportation-funding-special-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Industry and Labor %P 248 %X TRB Special Report 285: The Fuel Tax and Alternatives for Transportation Funding examines the viability of existing revenue sources, the merits of present transportation finance arrangements, and potential directions for reform of transportation finance. According to the report, fuel taxes can remain the primary funding source for the nation's highways for at least another decade, but eventually replacing them with a system for metering road use and charging accordingly could benefit travelers and the public. In addition, the committee that developed the report suggests that while the current funding system helps maintain existing highways and build new ones and ensures that users pay most of these costs, it does not help transportation agencies alleviate congestion or target investment in the most valuable projects. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Bus Transit Service in Land Development Planning %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14002/bus-transit-service-in-land-development-planning %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14002/bus-transit-service-in-land-development-planning %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 72 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 67: Bus Transit Service in Land Development Planning examines successful strategies that assist in the incorporation of bus transit service into land developments, as well as the challenges that transit agencies face when attempting to do so. The report also explores the state of the practice regarding the use and components of transit agency development guidelines. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Control of Invasive Species %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14020/control-of-invasive-species %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14020/control-of-invasive-species %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 115 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 363: Control of Invasive Species explores the extent to which state departments of transportation are identifying actions that affect the spread of invasive species, preventing introduction, tracking status and locations of “invasives” in a timely and ongoing manner, controlling found populations, restoring invaded habitats, conducting research, and sharing lessons learned. The report documents successful practices and lessons learned. It also synthesizes the state of the practice in developing Integrated (Roadside) Vegetation Management, along with physical, chemical, biological, and cultural control mechanisms. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guidelines for Analysis of Investments in Bicycle Facilities %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13929/guidelines-for-analysis-of-investments-in-bicycle-facilities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13929/guidelines-for-analysis-of-investments-in-bicycle-facilities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 119 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 552: Guidelines for Analysis of Investments in Bicycle Facilities includes methodologies and tools to estimate the cost of various bicycle facilities and for evaluating their potential value and benefits. The report is designed to help transportation planners integrate bicycle facilities into their overall transportation plans and on a project-by-project basis. The research described in the report has been used to develop a set of web-based guidelines, available on the Internet at http://www.bicyclinginfo.org/bikecost/, that provide a step-by-step worksheet for estimating costs, demands, and benefits associated with specific facilities under consideration. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Sivitz, Laura B. %E Stratton, Kathleen %E Benjamin, Georges C. %T Quarantine Stations at Ports of Entry: Protecting the Public's Health %@ 978-0-309-09951-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11435/quarantine-stations-at-ports-of-entry-protecting-the-publics-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11435/quarantine-stations-at-ports-of-entry-protecting-the-publics-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 334 %X To mitigate the risks posed by microbial threats of public health significance originating abroad, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) places small groups of staff at major U.S. airports. These staff, their offices, and their patient isolation rooms constitute quarantine stations, which are run by CDC's Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (DGMQ). Congress began to allocate funds in fiscal 2003 for the establishment of new quarantine stations at 17 major U.S. ports of entry that comprise airports, seaports, and land-border crossings. In a significant departure from the recent past, both the preexisting 8 quarantine stations and the new 17 are expected to play an active, anticipatory role in nationwide biosurveillance. Consequently, DGMQ asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene an expert committee to assess the present CDC quarantine stations and recommend how they should evolve to meet the challenges posed by microbial threats at the nation's gateways. DGMQ specifically requested "an assessment of the role of the federal quarantine stations, given the changes in the global environment including large increases in international travel, threats posed by bioterrorism and emerging infections, and the movement of animals and cargo." To conduct this assessment and provide recommendations, IOM convened, in October 2004, the Committee on Measures to Enhance the Effectiveness of the CDC Quarantine Station Expansion Plan for U.S. Ports of Entry. At the sponsor's request, the committee released the interim letter report Human Resources at U.S. Ports of Entry to Protect the Public's Health in January 2005 to provide preliminary suggestions for the priority functions of a modern quarantine station, the competences necessary to carry out those functions, and the types of health professionals who have the requisite competences (Appendix A). This, the committee's final report, assesses the present role of the CDC quarantine stations and articulates a vision of their future role as a public health intervention. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences %@ 978-0-309-10032-8 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11567/globalization-biosecurity-and-the-future-of-the-life-sciences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11567/globalization-biosecurity-and-the-future-of-the-life-sciences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 316 %X Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways—leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions %@ 978-0-309-10151-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11586/state-and-federal-standards-for-mobile-source-emissions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11586/state-and-federal-standards-for-mobile-source-emissions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 362 %X Emissions from mobile sources contribute significantly to air pollution in the United States. Such sources include cars and light- and heavy-duty trucks; diesel-powered cranes, bulldozers, and tractors; and equipment such as lawnmowers that run on small gasoline engines. The role of state versus federal government in establishing mobile-source emissions standards is an important environmental management issue. With this in mind, Congress called on EPA to arrange an independent study of the practices and procedures by which California develops separate emissions standards from the federal government and other states choose to adopt the California standards. The report provides an assessment of the scientific and technical procedures used by states to develop or adopt different emissions standards and a comparison of those policies and practices with those used by EPA. It also considers the impacts of state emissions standards on various factors including compliance costs and emissions. The report concludes that, despite the substantial progress in reducing emissions from mobile sources nationwide, more needs to be done to attain federal air-quality standards in many parts of the country. Additionally, California should continue its pioneering role in setting emissions standards for cars, trucks, and off-road equipment. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program: Maximizing Potential %@ 978-0-309-10108-0 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11604/medicares-quality-improvement-organization-program-maximizing-potential %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11604/medicares-quality-improvement-organization-program-maximizing-potential %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 542 %X Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program is the second book in the new Pathways to Quality Health Care series. Focusing on performance improvement, it considers the history, role, and effectiveness of the Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) program and its potential to promote quality improvement within a changing health care delivery environment that includes standardized performance measures and new data collection and reporting requirements. This book carefully examines the QIOs that serve every state as well as the national program that guides and supports them. In addition, it highlights the important roles that a national program with private organizations in each state can play in promoting higher quality care. Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program looks closely at the technical assistance role of the QIO program and the need to encourage and support providers to improve their performance. By providing an in-depth assessment of the federal experience with quality improvement and recommendations for program improvement, this book helps point the way for those who strive to create higher quality and better value in health care. Intended for multiple audiences, Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization Program is essential reading for members of Congress, the federal executive branch, the QIOs, health care providers and clinicians, and stakeholder groups.