TY - BOOK A2 - Adele Glimm TI - Gene Hunter: The Story of Neuropsychologist Nancy Wexler SN - DO - 10.17226/11548 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11548/gene-hunter-the-story-of-neuropsychologist-nancy-wexler PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - AB - Nancy Wexler is a hunter. Her quarry is the gene responsible for a fatal, inherited sickness called Huntington's disease. Nancy's work is a breathtaking race against time not only for others but maybe for herself, as well. Nancy Wexler is the daughter of a Huntington's patient and is at risk for this disease. Finding this gene is a vital step toward preventing or curing Huntington's and thus saving lives. Nancy's work takes her all over the world, specifically to small villages in Venezuela where the mysterious gene affects more people than anywhere else on the globe. Blood samples generously donated by the villagers hold the clues to discovering the gene. Hunter, detective, scientist: Nancy is all these, plus a friend to people everywhere who are affected by Huntington's and other diseases of the brain. Gene Hunter is the powerful story of a courageous and dedicated woman whose passion for science is both personally and intellectually satisfying. Author Adele Glimm draws on firsthand accounts from Nancy and her friends, family, and colleagues to tell us how a curious, strongminded woman became an accomplished neuropsychologist. This title aligns to Common Core standards: Interest Level Grades 6 - 8; Reading Level Grade level Equivalent: 7.1: Lexile Measure: 1080L; DRA: Not Available; Guided Reading: Z ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Dennis Dijkzeul A2 - Caroline Lynch TI - Supporting Local Health Care in a Chronic Crisis: Management and Financing Approaches in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo SN - DO - 10.17226/11513 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11513/supporting-local-health-care-in-a-chronic-crisis-management-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Providing medical support to the local population during a chronic crisis is difficult. The crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which is characterized by high excess mortality, ongoing armed violence, mass forced displacement, interference by neighboring countries, resource exploitation, asset stripping, and the virtual absence of the state, has led to great poverty and a dearth of funds for the support of the health system. International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have stepped in to address the dire humanitarian situation. This study looks at four organizations that support local health care in the eastern DRC: the International Rescue Committee (IRC), Malteser, Medical Emergency Relief International (Merlin), and the Association Régionale d'Approvisionnement en Médicaments Essentiels (ASRAMES). The study makes a comparison of the management and financing approaches of these four organizations by collecting and comparing qualitative and quantitative data on their interaction with the (remaining) local health providers and the local population. Specific objectives of the study are: 1. To identify which management and financing approaches, including the setting of fees, are used by the four NGOs supporting healthcare in the eastern DRC. 2. To determine how these financing approaches affect utilization rates in the health zones supported by the four NGOs. 3. To assess how these utilization rates compare with donor and humanitarian standards. 4. To determine at what level fees must be set to allow for cost recovery or cost sharing in health facilities. 5. To identify the managerial problems confronting the four NGOs. Many epidemiological and public health studies focus on the interaction between health providers and target groups. Supporting Local Health Care in a Chronic Crisis: Management and Financing Approaches in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo concentrates more on how the relationship between the supporting NGOs and the local health system actually develops. In addition, a common aspect of many of the epidemiological and public health studies is the search for an optimal, or at least appropriate, management and financing approach. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Meredith F. Small TI - The Culture of Our Discontent: Beyond the Medical Model of Mental Illness DO - 10.17226/11632 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11632/the-culture-of-our-discontent-beyond-the-medical-model-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Health and Medicine AB - By many estimations, the Western medical model of mental health is dangerously incomplete. If we step outside of the traditional disease model there are many new and different ways to understand, treat, and even accept mental illness. Culture--how we collectively live, interact, and view the world--frames our mental outlook. Arguably, culture even creates it. Western culture, for example, has completely embraced the medical model of mental illness. We quickly turn to physicians if we are unhappy or otherwise mentally discomfited, seeking solutions on a prescription pad. We expect brain chemistry to be at the root of any mental malady, forgetting the deeply entwined relationship between the biology of the brain and the environment in which we think, feel, and react. But every culture has a different view of the world, a lens through which normal or insane are viewed and defined. Anthropologist Meredith Small contends there is much to be learned from stepping away from the traditional Western medical model to explore and embrace alternative perspectives. By examining culture itself, rather than focusing on biology and medicine, we can fully understand the nature of our discontent. Looking at social, evolutionary, cross-cultural, and nutritional influences, Small deconstructs mental illnesses like depression and anxiety conditions that appear in different forms and for different reasons within the culture that defines them. By rethinking assumptions and questioning standard treatment programs, she helps us gradually relax our grip on the medical model to discover a new perspective on mental illness. ER - TY - BOOK TI - International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies: Proceedings - Symposium and Seventh Biennial Meeting, London, May 18-20, 2005 DO - 10.17226/11740 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11740/international-human-rights-network-of-academies-and-scholarly-societies-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - This report is the proceedings of the seventh biennial meeting of the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies. (The international Network, created in 1993, consists of 70 national academies and scholarly societies around the world that work to address serious science and human rights issues of mutual concern. The Committee on Human Rights of the U.S. National Academies serves as the Network's secretariat.) The meeting was held on May 18 and 20, 2005, at the Royal Society in London. The main events of the meeting were a semipublic symposium, entitled Scientists, Human Rights, and Prospects for the Future, and a workshop on a variety of topics related to science, engineering, and health in the human rights context. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Maria Hewitt A2 - Patricia A. Ganz TI - From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition: An American Society of Clinical Oncology and Institute of Medicine Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/11613 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11613/from-cancer-patient-to-cancer-survivor-lost-in-transition-an PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - This report of the proceedings of a symposium held in conjunction with the release of the IOM report, From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition, represents an effort on the part of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS), and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to further disseminate the findings and recommendations of the IOM report and to take the next step toward implementation of those recommendations. The symposium and this report serve as important vehicles to raise awareness, fill gaps that have existed in cancer patients' long-term care, and chart a course for quality care for cancer survivors and their families. More than 100 stakeholders in the cancer community, including survivors, advocates, healthcare providers, government officials, insurers and payers, and researchers participated in the symposium. This report culminates a series of work at the IOM focused on cancer survivorship. The idea to embark on a major study of cancer survivorship within the National Academies originated with the National Cancer Policy Board (NCPB). The NCPB was established in 1997 in the IOM and the National Research Council's Division of Earth and Life Studies at the request of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institutes of Health, and the President's Cancer Panel. The NCPB identified emerging policy issues in the nation's effort to combat cancer, and prepared reports that address those issues, including a series of reports on topics ranging from cancer prevention to end-of-life care. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions SN - DO - 10.17226/11470 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11470/improving-the-quality-of-health-care-for-mental-and-substance-use-conditions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Each year, more than 33 million Americans receive health care for mental or substance-use conditions, or both. Together, mental and substance-use illnesses are the leading cause of death and disability for women, the highest for men ages 15-44, and the second highest for all men. Effective treatments exist, but services are frequently fragmented and, as with general health care, there are barriers that prevent many from receiving these treatments as designed or at all. The consequences of this are serious—for these individuals and their families; their employers and the workforce; for the nation's economy; as well as the education, welfare, and justice systems. Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions examines the distinctive characteristics of health care for mental and substance-use conditions, including payment, benefit coverage, and regulatory issues, as well as health care organization and delivery issues. This new volume in the Quality Chasm series puts forth an agenda for improving the quality of this care based on this analysis. Patients and their families, primary health care providers, specialty mental health and substance-use treatment providers, health care organizations, health plans, purchasers of group health care, and all involved in health care for mental and substance–use conditions will benefit from this guide to achieving better care. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Fundamental Role of Science and Technology in International Development: An Imperative for the U.S. Agency for International Development SN - DO - 10.17226/11583 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11583/the-fundamental-role-of-science-and-technology-in-international-development PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - In October 2003 the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the National Research Council (NRC) entered into a cooperative agreement. The agreement called for the NRC to examine selected aspects of U.S. foreign assistance activities—primarily the programs of the USAID—that have benefited or could benefit from access to strong science, technology, and medical capabilities in the United States or elsewhere. After considering the many aspects of the role of science and technology (S&T) in foreign assistance, the study led to the publication of The Fundamental Role of Science and Technology in International Development. In the book special attention is devoted to partnerships that involve the USAID together with international, regional, U.S. governmental, and private sector organizations in fields such as heath care, agriculture and nutrition, education and job creation, and energy and the environment. This book explores specific programmatic, organizational, and personnel reforms that would increase the effective use of S&T to meet the USAID's goals while supporting larger U.S. foreign policy objectives. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time DO - 10.17226/23255 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23255/pavement-marking-materials-and-markers-real-world-relationship-between-retroreflectivity-and-safety-over-time PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 92, Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Real-World Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety Over Time examines the safety effect of retroreflectivity of longitudinal pavement markings and markers over time on non-intersection locations during non-daylight conditions. A summry of this report is available as NCHRP Research Results Digest 305: Pavement Marking Materials and Markers: Testing the Relationship Between Retroreflectivity and Safety. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Alexandra Beatty TI - Studying Media Effects on Children and Youth: Improving Methods and Measures: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11706 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11706/studying-media-effects-on-children-and-youth-improving-methods-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - The presence and intensity of media influences television, radio, music, computers, films, videos, and the Internet are increasingly recognized as an important part of the social ecology of children and youth, and these influences have become more visible and volatile in recent decades. Research that explores the level and effects of media influences calls for measurements of the quantity and character of exposure to a variety of potentially overlapping media sources, an analysis of the content of the media output, and examination of the social context and relationships that are associated with the media experience. Recognizing the importance of this research, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, under the auspices of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, and with the sponsorship of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, held a workshop in March 2006. Its purpose was twofold: to examine the quality of the measures used in studies of the effects of media on children's health and development and to identify gaps in both research and practice. The goal was for a variety of experts to consider steps and strategies that could move this research forward and improve its utility for helping parents, practitioners, and policy makers guide young people in navigating a media-rich environment. Studying Media Effects on Children and Youth provides a summary of that discussion, supplemented with information from two papers prepared for the workshop. It begins with an examination of the potential impact of media exposure, followed by a description of the basic research questions and the methods currently used to study them. Methodological questions and challenges and theoretical approaches are described; they are discussed from the perspective of other kinds of epidemiological research. This report closes with a discussion of future directions for the field. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Alexandra Beatty A2 - Rosemary Chalk TI - A Study of Interactions: Emerging Issues in the Science of Adolescence: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11611 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11611/a-study-of-interactions-emerging-issues-in-the-science-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Scholars--and adults in general--have pondered for centuries the mysterious processes that influence the ways in which children gradually become adults. The development of professional organizations and journals devoted to adolescence, as well as increasing appreciation in academia and the world of policy for the importance of this phase of life, have helped this field catch up with the pace of research on other stages of human development particularly infancy and early childhood. The development of a comprehensive review of research on adolescence depends in large part on the perceived need for such a synthesis and the extent to which different research fields as well as policy and practice would benefit from such an effort. To address these issues, the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, through the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, held a two-day workshop in September 2005. The workshop was designed as an opportunity for an interdisciplinary group to explore the different strands of research that contribute to understanding adolescence. In the brief time available, the group was not asked to address the entire range of issues related to adolescent health and development, but rather to provide an initial explanation of issues that a longer term study might address. A Study of Interactions summarizes the major themes discussed at the workshop. It begins with an overview of what adolescence is and current views of the processes that shape development in the second decade of life. It explores the transdisciplinary research issues already presented in this field, as well as issues raised in discussions of goals for the field's future. A closing section describes the presenters' thoughts on the feasibility of launching an in depth contextual study that could more firmly establish connections among the many fields of study concerned with adolescence. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Stacey Knobler A2 - Adel Mahmoud A2 - Stanley Lemon A2 - Leslie Pray TI - The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control: Exploring the Consequences and Opportunities: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11588 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11588/the-impact-of-globalization-on-infectious-disease-emergence-and-control PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Globalization is by no means a new phenomenon; transcontinental trade and the movement of people date back at least 2,000 years, to the era of the ancient Silk Road trade route. The global spread of infectious disease has followed a parallel course. Indeed, the emergence and spread of infectious disease are, in a sense, the epitome of globalization. Although some experts mark the fall of the Berlin Wall as the beginning of this new era of globalization, others argue that it is not so new. The future of globalization is still in the making. Despite the successful attempts of the developed world during the course of the last century to control many infectious diseases and even to eradicate some deadly afflictions, 13 million people worldwide still die from such diseases every year. On April 16 and 17, 2002, the Forum on Emerging Infections held a working group discussion on the influence of globalization on the emergence and control of infectious diseases. The contents of the unattributed sections are based on the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control report summarizes the presentations and discussions related to the increasing cross-border and cross-continental movements of people and how this could exacerbate the emergence and global spread of infectious diseases. This report also summarizes the means by which sovereign states and nations must adopt a global public health mind-set and develop a new organizational framework to maximize the opportunities and overcome the challenges created by globalization and build the necessary capacity to respond effectively to emerging infectious disease threats. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Field Inspection of In-Service FRP Bridge Decks DO - 10.17226/23284 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23284/field-inspection-of-in-service-frp-bridge-decks PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 564: Field Inspection of In-Service FRP Bridge Decks provides guidance for the in-service inspection of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge decks. Part one of the report contains recommended field procedures, evaluation guidelines, and reporting standards for periodic inspection of in-service FRP bridge decks. The second part of the report includes documentation of the research effort that led to development of part one of the report. Links to the report's appendices are available below.Appendix 1: List of Reviewed LiteratureAppendix 2: Survey QuestionnaireAppendix 3: Survey ResultsAppendix 4: Summary of Installed FRP Decks and Their Damage InspectionAppendix 5: Connection Details and Critical Inspection PointsAppendix 6: Damage TypesAppendix 7: Inspection MethodsAppendix 8: Manual for Inspection of In-Service FRP Bridge Decks (Produced as Part I of NCHRP Report 564)Appendix 9: Assessment of Likelihood of Damage ProgressionAppendix 10: Training Guide and Presentation of Manual for Inspection of In-Service FRP Bridge DecksPowerPoint Slides and Missouri FRP Bridges Video (Slide 47)(Both the PowerPoint Slides and Missouri FRP Bridges Video are in a zip format. Reverse click the mouse and select the "save as" menu option to down load each of these files. After downloading, the zip file should be decompressed to your local PC. Please note the slide presentation is approximately an 8 MB file and the video is approximately an 80 MB file. Please allow adequate time to download these files.) ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Engineering Studies at Tribal Colleges and Universities SN - DO - 10.17226/11582 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11582/engineering-studies-at-tribal-colleges-and-universities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Engineering and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - AECOM Consult, Inc A2 - Maier Consulting, Inc A2 - Peter Schauer Associates TI - Hazard and Security Plan Workshop: Instructor Guide DO - 10.17226/13695 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13695/hazard-and-security-plan-workshop-instructor-guide PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 86: Public Transportation Security, Volume 10 -- Hazard and Security Plan Workshop: Instructor Guide is designed to assist rural, small urban, and community-based passenger transportation agencies in creating hazard and security plans or in evaluating and modifying existing plans, policies, and procedures consistent with the National Incident Management System.Appendices to the report (which are shipped on a CD bound into the printed report) are linked to below.Appendix A: Lession PlanAppendix B: Instructor PowerPoint Slides and NotesAppendix C: Agenda for ParticipantsAppendix D: Somewhere County Map for WorkshopAppendix E: Guide for Workshop ParticipantsAppendix F: The HSPAppendix G: The HSP Template InstructionsAppendix H: Evaluation FormThe TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security series assembles relevant information into single, concise volumes, each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. These volumes focus on the concerns that transit agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Marilyn J. Field A2 - Alan M. Jette A2 - Linda Martin TI - Workshop on Disability in America: A New Look: Summary and Background Papers SN - DO - 10.17226/11579 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11579/workshop-on-disability-in-america-a-new-look-summary-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Beginning in late 2004, the IOM began a project to take a new look at disability in America. It will review developments and progress since the publication of the 1991 and 1997 Institute reports. For technical contracting reasons, the new project was split into two phases. During the limited first phase, a committee appointed by IOM planned and convened a 1-day workshop to examine a subset of topics as background for the second phase of project. As was agreed upon with the sponsor of the workshop, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the topics were: methodological and policy issues related to the conceptualization, definition, measurement, and monitoring of disability and health over time; trends in the amount, types, and causes of disability; disability across the age spectrum and in the context of normal aging; and secondary health conditions. The phase-one workshop was held in Washington, D.C. on August 1, 2005. Its participants included researchers, clinicians, social service professionals, policy experts, and consumer representatives and advocates. The meeting agenda and list of participants are included in Appendix A. Workshop on Disability in America: A New Look- Summary and Background Papers summarizes the workshop presentations and discussions. The background papers prepared for the workshop are included in Appendixes B through O. Some papers were submitted and circulated in advance of the meeting, whereas others were first presented at the meeting. The analyses, definitions, and views presented in the papers are those of the paper authors and are not necessarily those of the IOM committee. Likewise, the discussion summary is limited to the views of the workshop participants. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - James F. Childress A2 - Catharyn T. Liverman TI - Organ Donation: Opportunities for Action SN - DO - 10.17226/11643 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11643/organ-donation-opportunities-for-action PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Rates of organ donation lag far behind the increasing need. At the start of 2006, more than 90,000 people were waiting to receive a solid organ (kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, heart, or intestine). Organ Donation examines a wide range of proposals to increase organ donation, including policies that presume consent for donation as well as the use of financial incentives such as direct payments, coverage of funeral expenses, and charitable contributions. This book urges federal agencies, nonprofit groups, and others to boost opportunities for people to record their decisions to donate, strengthen efforts to educate the public about the benefits of organ donation, and continue to improve donation systems. Organ Donation also supports initiatives to increase donations from people whose deaths are the result of irreversible cardiac failure. This book emphasizes that all members of society have a stake in an adequate supply of organs for patients in need, because each individual is a potential recipient as well as a potential donor. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Problems DO - 10.17226/23213 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23213/synthesis-of-information-related-to-transit-problems PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Results Digest 80: Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Problems is a digest of the progress and status of TCRP Project J-7, “Synthesis of Information Related to Transit Problems,” for which the Transportation Research Board is the agency conducting the research. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - John Derbyshire TI - Unknown Quantity: A Real and Imaginary History of Algebra SN - DO - 10.17226/11540 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11540/unknown-quantity-a-real-and-imaginary-history-of-algebra PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Prime Obsession taught us not to be afraid to put the math in a math book. Unknown Quantity heeds the lesson well. So grab your graphing calculators, slip out the slide rules, and buckle up! John Derbyshire is introducing us to algebra through the ages -- and it promises to be just what his die-hard fans have been waiting for. "Here is the story of algebra." With this deceptively simple introduction, we begin our journey. Flanked by formulae, shadowed by roots and radicals, escorted by an expert who navigates unerringly on our behalf, we are guaranteed safe passage through even the most treacherous mathematical terrain. Our first encounter with algebraic arithmetic takes us back 38 centuries to the time of Abraham and Isaac, Jacob and Joseph, Ur and Haran, Sodom and Gomorrah. Moving deftly from Abel's proof to the higher levels of abstraction developed by Galois, we are eventually introduced to what algebraists have been focusing on during the last century. As we travel through the ages, it becomes apparent that the invention of algebra was more than the start of a specific discipline of mathematics -- it was also the birth of a new way of thinking that clarified both basic numeric concepts as well as our perception of the world around us. Algebraists broke new ground when they discarded the simple search for solutions to equations and concentrated instead on abstract groups. This dramatic shift in thinking revolutionized mathematics. Written for those among us who are unencumbered by a fear of formulae, Unknown Quantity delivers on its promise to present a history of algebra. Astonishing in its bold presentation of the math and graced with narrative authority, our journey through the world of algebra is at once intellectually satisfying and pleasantly challenging. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Diagnosis and Assessment SN - DO - 10.17226/11674 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11674/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-diagnosis-and-assessment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Health and Medicine AB - In response to growing national concern about the number of veterans who might be at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of their military service, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to conduct a study on the diagnosis and assessment of, and treatment and compensation for PTSD. An existing IOM committee, the Committee on Gulf War and Health: Physiologic, Psychologic and Psychosocial Effects of Deployment-Related Stress, was asked to conduct the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment aspects of the study because its expertise was well-suited to the task. The committee was specifically tasked to review the scientific and medical literature related to the diagnosis and assessment of PTSD, and to review PTSD treatments (including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy) and their efficacy. In addition, the committee was given a series of specific questions from VA regarding diagnosis, assessment, treatment, and compensation. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a brief elaboration of the committee's responses to VA's questions, not a detailed discussion of the procedures and tools that might be used in the diagnosis and assessment of PTSD. The committee decided to approach its task by separating diagnosis and assessment from treatment and preparing two reports. This first report focuses on diagnosis and assessment of PTSD. Given VA's request for the report to be completed within 6 months, the committee elected to rely primarily on reviews and other well-documented sources. A second report of this committee will focus on treatment for PTSD; it will be issued in December 2006. A separate committee, the Committee on Veterans' Compensation for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, has been established to conduct the compensation study; its report is expected to be issued in December 2006. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - William J. Moss A2 - Meenakshi Ramakrishnan A2 - Dory Storms A2 - Anne Henderson Siegle A2 - William M. Weiss A2 - Lulu Muhe TI - Child Health in Complex Emergencies SN - DO - 10.17226/11527 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11527/child-health-in-complex-emergencies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Addressing the health needs of children in complex emergencies is critical to the success of relief efforts and requires coordinated and effective interventions. However, little systematic work has been undertaken to evaluate such care. To address this need, this monograph presents a review of the published literature in this area, providing background on the burden of disease, the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the evidence base for effective interventions. It also describes surveys of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies providing care to children in complex emergencies, which were conducted to identify guidelines commonly used to provide such care and assesses the content and limitations of these guidelines. A more in-depth survey of several organizations was also conducted to assess obstacles to this kind of care. On the basis of the survey findings and the review of the published literature, the working group recommended that evidence-based, locally adapted guidelines to address the curative and preventive care of children in complex emergencies and health systems planning should be adopted by ministries of health and supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF. The guidelines should target, as much as possible, the different levels of health care workers providing care to children to ensure appropriate, effective, and uniform care in a variety of situations. Child Health in Complex Emergencies presents specific examples of areas for further research and guideline development. This report is not intended to be an exhaustive and definitive assessment of child health in complex emergencies. The topic is much too vast and complex, and different individuals and institutions will have incompatible perspectives. Rather, we aim to provide a starting point for discussion and debate on how to improve the care of children in these settings. ER -