TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Bernard M. Rosof A2 - Lyla M. Hernandez TI - Gulf War Veterans: Treating Symptoms and Syndromes SN - DO - 10.17226/10185 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10185/gulf-war-veterans-treating-symptoms-and-syndromes PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Ten years after the end of the Gulf War, questions continue to be raised about the health of U.S. service personnel who fought in that war. A primary concern is whether Gulf War veterans are receiving effective treatments for their health problems. Section 105 of the Veterans Program Enhancement Act of 1998 mandates that the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) ask the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee that would identify a method for assessing treatment effectiveness and describe already-validated treatments for Gulf War veterans' health problems, including the problem of medically unexplained symptoms. The specific charge to the committee is to (1) identify and describe approaches for assessing treatment effectiveness; (2) identify illnesses and conditions among veterans of the Gulf War, using data obtained from the VA and the Department of Defense (DoD) Gulf War Registries, as well as information in published articles; and (3) for these identified conditions and illnesses, identify validated models of treatment (to the extent that such treatments exist), or identify new approaches, theories, or research on the management of patients with these conditions if validated treatment models are not available. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Burton H. Singer A2 - Carol D. Ryff TI - New Horizons in Health: An Integrative Approach SN - DO - 10.17226/10002 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10002/new-horizons-in-health-an-integrative-approach PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - New Horizons in Health discusses how the National Institutes of Health (NIH) can integrate research in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences to better understand the causes of disease as well as interventions that promote health. It outlines a set of research priorities for consideration by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), with particular attention to research that can support and complement the work of the National Institutes of Health. By addressing the range of interactions among social settings, behavioral patterns, and important health concerns, it highlights areas of scientific opportunity where significant investment is most likely to improve national—and global—health outcomes. These opportunities will apply the knowledge and methods of the behavioral and social sciences to contemporary health needs, and give attention to the chief health concerns of the general public. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - John B. Casterline TI - Diffusion Processes and Fertility Transition: Selected Perspectives SN - DO - 10.17226/10228 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10228/diffusion-processes-and-fertility-transition-selected-perspectives PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - This volume is part of an effort to review what is known about the determinants of fertility transition in developing countries and to identify lessons that might lead to policies aimed at lowering fertility. It addresses the roles of diffusion processes, ideational change, social networks, and mass communications in changing behavior and values, especially as related to childbearing. A new body of empirical research is currently emerging from studies of social networks in Asia (Thailand, Taiwan, Korea), Latin America (Costa Rica), and Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Ghana). Given the potential significance of social interactions to the design of effective family planning programs in high-fertility settings, efforts to synthesize this emerging body of literature are clearly important. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Caleb E. Finch A2 - James W. Vaupel A2 - Kevin Kinsella TI - Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? SN - DO - 10.17226/9995 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9995/cells-and-surveys-should-biological-measures-be-included-in-social PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - What can social science, and demography in particular, reasonably expect to learn from biological information? There is increasing pressure for multipurpose household surveys to collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewer-respondent information. Given that recent technical developments have made it more feasible to collect biological information in non-clinical settings, those who fund, design, and analyze survey data need to think through the rationale and potential consequences. This is a concern that transcends national boundaries. Cells and Surveys addresses issues such as which biologic/genetic data should be collected in order to be most useful to a range of social scientists and whether amassing biological data has unintended side effects. The book also takes a look at the various ethical and legal concerns that such data collection entails. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Edward B. Perrin A2 - William D. Kalsbeek A2 - Terri M. Scanlan TI - Toward a Health Statistics System for the 21st Century: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10171 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10171/toward-a-health-statistics-system-for-the-21st-century-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) convened a workshop on November 4-5, 1999, to identify new directions for health statistics and the implications for health data of changes in the health arena faced by DHHS; state and local health departments; the consumers, developers, and providers of health care products and services; and other health policy makers. Changes in our understanding of health, in health care (managed care, Medicaid, Medicare), in welfare reform, in federal-state relations, in the availability of administrative data, in advanced genetic data, in information technology, in confidentiality issues, and in data integration are examples of recent developments that may play a significant role for DHHS in making future policy decisions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Coverage Matters: Insurance and Health Care SN - DO - 10.17226/10188 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10188/coverage-matters-insurance-and-health-care PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Roughly 40 million Americans have no health insurance, private or public, and the number has grown steadily over the past 25 years. Who are these children, women, and men, and why do they lack coverage for essential health care services? How does the system of insurance coverage in the U.S. operate, and where does it fail? The first of six Institute of Medicine reports that will examine in detail the consequences of having a large uninsured population, Coverage Matters: Insurance and Health Care, explores the myths and realities of who is uninsured, identifies social, economic, and policy factors that contribute to the situation, and describes the likelihood faced by members of various population groups of being uninsured. It serves as a guide to a broad range of issues related to the lack of insurance coverage in America and provides background data of use to policy makers and health services researchers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Preparing for an Aging World: The Case for Cross-National Research SN - DO - 10.17226/10120 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10120/preparing-for-an-aging-world-the-case-for-cross-national PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Aging is a process that encompasses virtually all aspects of life. Because the speed of population aging is accelerating, and because the data needed to study the aging process are complex and expensive to obtain, it is imperative that countries coordinate their research efforts to reap the most benefits from this important information. Preparing for an Aging World looks at the behavioral and socioeconomic aspects of aging, and focuses on work, retirement, and pensions; wealth and savings behavior; health and disability; intergenerational transfers; and concepts of well-being. It makes recommendations for a collection of new, cross-national data on aging populations—data that will allow nations to develop policies and programs for addressing the major shifts in population age structure now occurring. These efforts, if made internationally, would advance our understanding of the aging process around the world. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Dietary Reference Intakes: Proposed Definition of Dietary Fiber SN - DO - 10.17226/10161 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10161/dietary-reference-intakes-proposed-definition-of-dietary-fiber PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - The current situation regarding labeling and defining dietary fiber in the United States and many other countries is arbitrary due to its reliance on analytical methods as opposed to an accurate definition that includes its role in health. Without an accurate definition, compounds can be designed or isolated and concentrated using the currently available methods, without necessarily providing beneficial health effects. Other compounds can be developed that are nondigestible and provide beneficial health effects, yet do not meet the current U.S. definition based on analytical methods. For the above reasons, the Food and Nutrition Board, under the oversight of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, assembled a Panel on the Definition of Dietary Fiber to develop a proposed definition(s) of dietary fiber. This Panel held three meetings and a workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Christine M. Coussens A2 - Baruch Fischhoff TI - Science and Risk Communication: A Mini-Symposium Sponsored by the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine DO - 10.17226/10231 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10231/science-and-risk-communication-a-mini-symposium-sponsored-by-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences SN - DO - 10.17226/9975 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9975/grand-challenges-in-environmental-sciences PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Scientists have long sought to unravel the fundamental mysteries of the land, life, water, and air that surround us. But as the consequences of humanity’s impact on the planet become increasingly evident, governments are realizing the critical importance of understanding these environmental systems—and investing billions of dollars in research to do so. To identify high-priority environmental science projects, Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences explores the most important areas of research for the next generation. The book’s goal is not to list the world’s biggest environmental problems. Rather it is to determine areas of opportunity that—with a concerted investment—could yield significant new findings. Nominations for environmental science’s “grand” challenges were solicited from thousands of scientists worldwide. Based on their responses, eight major areas of focus were identified—areas that offer the potential for a major scientific breakthrough of practical importance to humankind, and that are feasible if given major new funding. The book further pinpoints four areas for immediate action and investment. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Philip S. Brachman A2 - Heather C. O'Maonaigh A2 - Richard N. Miller TI - Perspectives on the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System: A Program Review SN - DO - 10.17226/10203 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10203/perspectives-on-the-department-of-defense-global-emerging-infections-surveillance-and-response-system PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Perspectives on the Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System: A Program Review describes the capacity, quality, and effectiveness of the international and domestic facilities and programs that are a part of a DoD system to monitor and address emerging infectious diseases globally. The committee concludes that the goals of the system are in U.S. military, U.S. civilian, and global public health interests and that substantial progress has been made toward achieving system goals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Holly E. Reed A2 - Charles B. Keely TI - Forced Migration and Mortality SN - DO - 10.17226/10086 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10086/forced-migration-and-mortality PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In recent years the number of complex humanitarian emergencies around the world has been steadily increasing. War and political, ethnic, racial, and religious strife continually force people to migrate against their will. These forced migrants create a stream of new challenges for relief workers and policy makers. A better understanding of the characteristics of refugee populations and of the population dynamics of these situations is vital. Improved research and insights can enhance disaster management, refugee camp administration, and repatriation or resettlement programs. Forced Migration and Mortality examines mortality patterns in complex human- itarian emergencies, reviewing the state of knowledge, as well as how patterns may change in the new century. It contains four case studies of mortality in recent emergencies: Rwanda, North Korea, Kosovo, and Cambodia. Because refugees and internally displaced persons are likely to continue to be a significant humanitarian concern for many years, research in this field is critical. This is the first book to comprehensively explore forced migration and mortality and it provides useful material for researchers, policy makers, and relief workers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Kathi Hanna A2 - Christine Coussens TI - Rebuilding the Unity of Health and the Environment: A New Vision of Environmental Health for the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/10044 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10044/rebuilding-the-unity-of-health-and-the-environment-a-new PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Health and Medicine AB - This is a summary of the workshop Rebuilding the Unity of Health and the Environment: A New Vision of Environmental Health for the 21st Century. The goal of this workshop was to emphasize the connection between human health and the natural, built, and social environments. This workshop integrated talks from many fields and created a dialogue among various environmental health stakeholders. The language presented in this respect should not be viewed as an endorsement by the Environmental Health Sciences Roundtable or the Institute of Medicine of what action is needed for the future, but rather as an effort to synthesize the various perspectives presented. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Margarita P. Hurtado A2 - Elaine K. Swift A2 - Janet M. Corrigan TI - Envisioning the National Health Care Quality Report SN - DO - 10.17226/10073 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10073/envisioning-the-national-health-care-quality-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - How good is the quality of health care in the United States? Is quality improving? Or is it suffering? While the average person on the street can follow the state of the economy with economic indicators, we do not have a tool that allows us to track trends in health care quality. Beginning in 2003, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) will produce an annual report on the national trends in the quality of health care delivery in the United States. AHRQ commissioned the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to help develop a vision for this report that will allow national and state policy makers, providers, consumers, and the public at large to track trends in health care quality. Envisioning the National Health Care Quality Report offers a framework for health care quality, specific examples of the types of measures that should be included in the report, suggestions on the criteria for selecting measures, as well as advice on reaching the intended audiences. Its recommendations could help the national health care quality report to become a mainstay of our nation's effort to improve health care. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Letter Report on Information Technology Research for E-Government DO - 10.17226/10167 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10167/letter-report-on-information-technology-research-for-e-government PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jonathan R. Davis A2 - Joshua Lederberg TI - Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Global to the Local Perspective: A Summary of a Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections SN - DO - 10.17226/10084 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10084/emerging-infectious-diseases-from-the-global-to-the-local-perspective PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In October 1999, the Forum on Emerging Infections of the Institute of Medicine convened a two-day workshop titled “International Aspects of Emerging Infections.” Key representatives from the international community explored the forces that drive emerging infectious diseases to prominence. Representatives from the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Europe made formal presentations and engaged in panel discussions. Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Global to the Local Perspective includes summaries of the formal presentations and suggests an agenda for future action. The topics addressed cover a wide range of issues, including trends in the incidence of infectious diseases around the world, descriptions of the wide variety of factors that contribute to the emergence and reemergence of these diseases, efforts to coordinate surveillance activities and responses within and across borders, and the resource, research, and international needs that remain to be addressed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Role of Environmental NGOs: Russian Challenges, American Lessons: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10240 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10240/the-role-of-environmental-ngos-russian-challenges-american-lessons-proceedings PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - An NRC committee was established to work with a Russian counterpart group in conducting a workshop in Moscow on the effectiveness of Russian environmental NGOs in environmental decision-making and prepared proceedings of this workshop, highlighting the successes and difficulties faced by NGOs in Russia and the United States. ER - TY - BOOK TI - A Convergence of Science and Law: A Summary Report of the First Meeting of the Science, Technology, and Law Panel SN - DO - 10.17226/10174 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10174/a-convergence-of-science-and-law-a-summary-report-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - This report is a summary of the first meeting of the Science, Technology, and Law Panel. The Policy Division of the National Research Council established the panel to bring the science and engineering community and the legal community together on a regular basis to explore pressing issues, to improve communication, and to help resolve such issues between these communities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Neil J. Smelser A2 - William Julius Wilson A2 - Faith Mitchell TI - America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences: Volume II SN - DO - 10.17226/9719 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9719/america-becoming-racial-trends-and-their-consequences-volume-ii PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The 20th Century has been marked by enormous change in terms of how we define race. In large part, we have thrown out the antiquated notions of the 1800s, giving way to a more realistic, sociocultural view of the world. The United States is, perhaps more than any other industrialized country, distinguished by the size and diversity of its racial and ethnic minority populations. Current trends promise that these features will endure. Fifty years from now, there will most likely be no single majority group in the United States. How will we fare as a nation when race-based issues such as immigration, job opportunities, and affirmative action are already so contentious today? In America Becoming, leading scholars and commentators explore past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. This volume presents the most up-to-date findings and analysis on racial and social dynamics, with recommendations for ongoing research. It examines compelling issues in the field of race relations, including: Race and ethnicity in criminal justice. Demographic and social trends for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Trends in minority-owned businesses. Wealth, welfare, and racial stratification. Residential segregation and the meaning of "neighborhood." Disparities in educational test scores among races and ethnicities. Health and development for minority children, adolescents, and adults. Race and ethnicity in the labor market, including the role of minorities in America's military. Immigration and the dynamics of race and ethnicity. The changing meaning of race. Changing racial attitudes. This collection of papers, compiled and edited by distinguished leaders in the behavioral and social sciences, represents the most current literature in the field. Volume 1 covers demographic trends, immigration, racial attitudes, and the geography of opportunity. Volume 2 deals with the criminal justice system, the labor market, welfare, and health trends, Both books will be of great interest to educators, scholars, researchers, students, social scientists, and policymakers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/10027 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10027/crossing-the-quality-chasm-a-new-health-system-for-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Second in a series of publications from the Institute of Medicine's Quality of Health Care in America project Today's health care providers have more research findings and more technology available to them than ever before. Yet recent reports have raised serious doubts about the quality of health care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm makes an urgent call for fundamental change to close the quality gap. This book recommends a sweeping redesign of the American health care system and provides overarching principles for specific direction for policymakers, health care leaders, clinicians, regulators, purchasers, and others. In this comprehensive volume the committee offers: A set of performance expectations for the 21st century health care system. A set of 10 new rules to guide patient-clinician relationships. A suggested organizing framework to better align the incentives inherent in payment and accountability with improvements in quality. Key steps to promote evidence-based practice and strengthen clinical information systems. Analyzing health care organizations as complex systems, Crossing the Quality Chasm also documents the causes of the quality gap, identifies current practices that impede quality care, and explores how systems approaches can be used to implement change. ER -