TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Holly E. Reed A2 - Charles B. Keely TI - Forced Migration and Mortality SN - DO - 10.17226/10086 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10086/forced-migration-and-mortality PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In recent years the number of complex humanitarian emergencies around the world has been steadily increasing. War and political, ethnic, racial, and religious strife continually force people to migrate against their will. These forced migrants create a stream of new challenges for relief workers and policy makers. A better understanding of the characteristics of refugee populations and of the population dynamics of these situations is vital. Improved research and insights can enhance disaster management, refugee camp administration, and repatriation or resettlement programs. Forced Migration and Mortality examines mortality patterns in complex human- itarian emergencies, reviewing the state of knowledge, as well as how patterns may change in the new century. It contains four case studies of mortality in recent emergencies: Rwanda, North Korea, Kosovo, and Cambodia. Because refugees and internally displaced persons are likely to continue to be a significant humanitarian concern for many years, research in this field is critical. This is the first book to comprehensively explore forced migration and mortality and it provides useful material for researchers, policy makers, and relief workers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories: Fiscal Year 2001 DO - 10.17226/10204 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10204/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English AB - This volume represents the 42nd annual assessment by the National Research Council (NRC) of the technical quality and relevance of the programs of the Measurement and Standards Laboratories of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This report provides judgments regarding the overall state of the NIST Measurement and Standards Laboratories (MSL),and offers findings to further increase the merit and impact of NIST MSL programs. It also offers in-depth reviews of each of the seven laboratories of the MSL, with findings aimed at their specific programmatic areas. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Susan L. Cutter TI - American Hazardscapes: The Regionalization of Hazards and Disasters SN - DO - 10.17226/10132 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10132/american-hazardscapes-the-regionalization-of-hazards-and-disasters PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Earth Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Barrier islands. Flood plains. Earthquake faults. Sometimes the environment poses threats to our well being, yet many of us continue to choose to live in risky or dangerous places. And on top of the “knowns” are the other, more hidden hazards related to environmental contamination that pose equally serious threats to our health and well being. But where are these places and what types of hazards are found there? American Hazardscapes examines the risks associated with living and owning property in diverse regions across the United States, offering dual perspectives: that of the geographer and that of the social science hazards researcher. The book summarizes what we already know about regional patterns of hazard events and losses during the previous three decades and goes further to shed light on the nature of the events themselves and their impact on society. Written for the relocating citizen and the policy maker alike, American Hazardscapes presents a regional ecology of disaster-prone or disaster-resistant states. It also offers thoughts on what local, state, and federal managers need to do to meet the challenge of reducing hazard losses in the next century. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Sara K. Goldsmith TI - Suicide Prevention and Intervention: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10226 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10226/suicide-prevention-and-intervention-summary-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - For many, thoughts of suicide are abundant and frequent. There exists a fear of death but an even greater fear of life due to the latter's hardships. Participants of the committee on the Pathophysiology and Prevention of Adult and Adolescent Suicide of the Institute of Medicine's workshop on suicide prevention; however, believe that there is potential for better suicide prevention. Two workshops were convened by the committee: Risk Factors for Suicide, March 14, 2001 and Suicide Prevention and Intervention, May 14, 2001. The two workshops were designed to allow invited presenters to share with the committee and other workshop participants their particular expertise in suicide, and to discuss and examine the existing knowledge base. Participants of the second workshop were selected to represent many areas including: design and analysis of prevention programs, suicide contagion, and firearm availability and suicide. The committee wanted to assess the science base of suicide etiology, evaluate the current status of suicide prevention, and examine current strategies for the study of suicide. Suicide Prevention and Intervention: Summary of a Workshop summarizes the major themes that arose during the workshop. It also includes the workshop agenda and a list of speakers that were present. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Strategic Highway Research: Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improving Quality of Life -- Special Report 260 DO - 10.17226/10223 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10223/strategic-highway-research-saving-lives-reducing-congestion-improving-quality-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB Special Report 260 - Strategic Highway Research: Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improving Quality of Life examines the goals, research agenda, administrative structure, and administrative needs for a new strategic highway research program. After extensive outreach to the highway community, the committee recommended the establishment of a Future Strategic Highway Research Program (F-SHRP). F-SHRP would comprise four research program areas: accelerating the renewal of America's highways; making a significant improvement in highway safety; providing a highway system with reliable travel times; and providing highway capacity in support of the nation's economic, environmental, and social goals. The committee recommended that F-SHRP be administered by a credible, independent organization capable of managing a large-scale contract research program in a manner that would ensure the highest-quality research. The initial SHRP program was managed by the National Academies for just these reasons. The committee recommended that F-SHRP be funded at $75 million per year through a 0.25 percent takedown of federal-aid highway funds apportioned under the next surface transportation legislation. As recommended by the committee, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) has funded the development of detailed research program plans. These plans will be implemented if F-SHRP is authorized. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Kathleen M. Foley A2 - Hellen Gelband TI - Improving Palliative Care for Cancer: Summary and Recommendations SN - DO - 10.17226/10147 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10147/improving-palliative-care-for-cancer-summary-and-recommendations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - It is innately human to comfort and provide care to those suffering from cancer, particularly those close to death. Yet what seems self-evident at an individual, personal level has, by and large, not guided policy at the level of institutions in this country. There is no argument that palliative care should be integrated into cancer care from diagnosis to death. But significant barriers-attitudinal, behavioral, economic, educational, and legal-still limit access to care for a large proportion of those dying from cancer, and in spite of tremendous scientific opportunities for medical progress against all the major symptoms associated with cancer and cancer death, public research institutions have not responded. In accepting a single-minded focus on research toward cure, we have inadvertently devalued the critical need to care for and support patients with advanced disease, and their families.This report builds on and takes forward an agenda set out by the 1997 IOM report Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life, which came at a time when leaders in palliative care and related fields had already begun to air issues surrounding care of the dying. That report identified significant gaps in knowledge about care at the end of life and the need for serious attention from biomedical, social science, and health services researchers. Most importantly, it recognized that the impediments to good care could be identified and potentially remedied. The report itself catalyzed further public involvement in specific initiatives-mostly pilot and demonstration projects and programs funded by the nonprofit foundation community, which are now coming to fruition. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Rutherford H. Platt TI - To Burn or Not to Burn: Summary of the Forum on Urban/Wildland Fire, January 26, 2001, Washington, DC DO - 10.17226/10173 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10173/to-burn-or-not-to-burn-summary-of-the-forum PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - The Federal Role in Highway Research and Technology: Special Report 261 DO - 10.17226/10222 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10222/the-federal-role-in-highway-research-and-technology-special-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - TRB Special Report 261 - The Federal Role in Highway Research and Technology examines the federal role in the nation's overall highway research and technology (R&T) effort. Its emphasis is on determining whether the focus and activities of the federal program are appropriate in light of the needs of the highway system and its stakeholders as well as the roles and activities of other national highway R&T programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - CDC Anthrax Vaccine Safety & Efficacy Research Program: Interim Report DO - 10.17226/10157 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10157/cdc-anthrax-vaccine-safety-efficacy-research-program-interim-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Frederick J. Manning A2 - Lewis Goldfrank TI - Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical Response System Program: Phase I Report SN - DO - 10.17226/10221 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10221/tools-for-evaluating-the-metropolitan-medical-response-system-program-phase PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Metropolitan Medical Response (MMRS) program has evolved from an idea originally developed in the Washington, D.C., area in 1995. Using the combined personnel and equipment resources from Washington, D.C., Arlington County in Virginia, and Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland, the Metropolitan Medical Strike Team (MMST) received training, equipment, and supplies specifically designed to facilitate an effective response to a mass-casualty terrorism incident with a weapon of mass destruction (WMD). The first of its kind in the civilian environment, the MMST was intended to be capable of providing initial, on-site emergency health, medical, and mental health services after a terrorist incident involving chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) materials. The team's mission includes CBR agent detection and identification, patient decontamination, triage and medical treatment, emergency transportation of patients to local hospitals, coordination of movement of patients to more distant hospitals via the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), and planning for the disposition of nonsurvivors. Building from the initial efforts of the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area MMST, OEP provided funding for the development of a similar team in the city of Atlanta in preparation for the 1996 Summer Olympic Games. The U.S. Congress has subsequently authorized and provided funding for additional contracts with the 120 most populous U.S. cities. Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical REsponse System Program: Phase I Report identifies and develops performance measures and systems to assess the effectiveness of, and to identify barriers related to, the MMRS development process. This report identifies, recommends, and develops performance measures and systems to assess the effectiveness of, and identify barriers related to, the MMRS development process at the site, jurisdictional, and governmental levels. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jonathan R. Davis A2 - Joshua Lederberg TI - Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Global to the Local Perspective: A Summary of a Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections SN - DO - 10.17226/10084 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10084/emerging-infectious-diseases-from-the-global-to-the-local-perspective PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In October 1999, the Forum on Emerging Infections of the Institute of Medicine convened a two-day workshop titled “International Aspects of Emerging Infections.” Key representatives from the international community explored the forces that drive emerging infectious diseases to prominence. Representatives from the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Europe made formal presentations and engaged in panel discussions. Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Global to the Local Perspective includes summaries of the formal presentations and suggests an agenda for future action. The topics addressed cover a wide range of issues, including trends in the incidence of infectious diseases around the world, descriptions of the wide variety of factors that contribute to the emergence and reemergence of these diseases, efforts to coordinate surveillance activities and responses within and across borders, and the resource, research, and international needs that remain to be addressed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Under the Weather: Climate, Ecosystems, and Infectious Disease SN - DO - 10.17226/10025 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10025/under-the-weather-climate-ecosystems-and-infectious-disease PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Since the dawn of medical science, people have recognized connections between a change in the weather and the appearance of epidemic disease. With today's technology, some hope that it will be possible to build models for predicting the emergence and spread of many infectious diseases based on climate and weather forecasts. However, separating the effects of climate from other effects presents a tremendous scientific challenge. Can we use climate and weather forecasts to predict infectious disease outbreaks? Can the field of public health advance from "surveillance and response" to "prediction and prevention?" And perhaps the most important question of all: Can we predict how global warming will affect the emergence and transmission of infectious disease agents around the world? Under the Weather evaluates our current understanding of the linkages among climate, ecosystems, and infectious disease; it then goes a step further and outlines the research needed to improve our understanding of these linkages. The book also examines the potential for using climate forecasts and ecological observations to help predict infectious disease outbreaks, identifies the necessary components for an epidemic early warning system, and reviews lessons learned from the use of climate forecasts in other realms of human activity. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Kathleen M. Foley A2 - Hellen Gelband TI - Improving Palliative Care for Cancer SN - DO - 10.17226/10149 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10149/improving-palliative-care-for-cancer PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In our society’s aggressive pursuit of cures for cancer, we have neglected symptom control and comfort care. Less than one percent of the National Cancer Institute’s budget is spent on any aspect of palliative care research or education, despite the half million people who die of cancer each year and the larger number living with cancer and its symptoms. Improving Palliative Care for Cancer examines the barriers—scientific, policy, and social—that keep those in need from getting good palliative care. It goes on to recommend public- and private-sector actions that would lead to the development of more effective palliative interventions; better information about currently used interventions; and greater knowledge about, and access to, palliative care for all those with cancer who would benefit from it. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - A Modified Baseline Incineration Process for Mustard Projectiles at Pueblo Chemical Depot SN - DO - 10.17226/10181 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10181/a-modified-baseline-incineration-process-for-mustard-projectiles-at-pueblo-chemical-depot PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The United States has maintained a stockpile of chemical warfare agents and munitions since World War I. The Army leadership has sought outside, unbiased advice on how best to dispose of the stockpile. In 1987, at the request of the Under Secretary of the Army, the National Research Council (NRC) established the Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (Stockpile Committee) to provide scientific and technical advice and counsel on the CSDP. This report is concerned with the technology selection for the Pueblo site, where only munitions containing mustard agent are stored. The report assesses a modified baseline process, a slightly simplified version of the baseline incineration system that was used to dispose of mustard munitions on Johnston Island. A second NRC committee is reviewing two neutralization-based technologies for possible use at Pueblo. The evaluation in this report is intended to assist authorities making the selection. It should also help the public and other non-Army stakeholders understand the modified baseline process and make sound judgments about it. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Sara K. Goldsmith TI - Risk Factors for Suicide: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10215 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10215/risk-factors-for-suicide-summary-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Thoughts of suicide can be abundant and frequent for some. These thoughts easily disrupt the lives of not only the suicidal person but the world around said person. It may, however, be possible to tell someone is suicidal before it's too late. Participants of committee on the Pathophysiology and Prevention of Adult and Adolescent Suicide of the Institute of Medicine's held two workshops, Risk Factors for Suicide, March 14, 2001 and Suicide Prevention and Intervention, May 14, 2001, to discuss the topic of suicide. The two workshops were designed to allow invited presenters to share with the committee and other workshop participants their particular expertise in suicide, and to discuss and examine the existing knowledge base. Risk Factors for Suicide: Summary of a Workshop summarizes the first workshop whose participants were selected to represent the areas of epidemiology and measurement, socio-cultural factors, biologic factors, developmental factors and trauma, and psychologic factors. They were asked to present current and relevant knowledge in each of their expertise areas. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Robert Pool, Ph.D. TI - Environmental Contamination, Biotechnology, and the Law: The Impact of Emerging Genomic Information: Summary of a Forum SN - DO - 10.17226/10104 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10104/environmental-contamination-biotechnology-and-the-law-the-impact-of-emerging PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - On August 16, 2000, the Board on Life Sciences held a forum on "Environmental Contamination, Biotechnology, and the Law: The Impact of Emerging Genomic Information." The purpose of the forum was to explore the legal implications of current and developing biotechnology approaches to evaluating potential human health and environmental effects caused by exposure to environmental contaminants and to cleaning up contaminated areas. The forum brought together scientists from academe, government, and industry and members of the legal community, including lawyers and judges, to discuss the interface between the use of those approaches and the legal system. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Edward B. Perrin A2 - William D. Kalsbeek A2 - Terri M. Scanlan TI - Toward a Health Statistics System for the 21st Century: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10171 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10171/toward-a-health-statistics-system-for-the-21st-century-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) convened a workshop on November 4-5, 1999, to identify new directions for health statistics and the implications for health data of changes in the health arena faced by DHHS; state and local health departments; the consumers, developers, and providers of health care products and services; and other health policy makers. Changes in our understanding of health, in health care (managed care, Medicaid, Medicare), in welfare reform, in federal-state relations, in the availability of administrative data, in advanced genetic data, in information technology, in confidentiality issues, and in data integration are examples of recent developments that may play a significant role for DHHS in making future policy decisions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Neurological, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World SN - DO - 10.17226/10111 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10111/neurological-psychiatric-and-developmental-disorders-meeting-the-challenge-in-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Brain disorders—neurological, psychiatric, and developmental—now affect at least 250 million people in the developing world, and this number is expected to rise as life expectancy increases. Yet public and private health systems in developing countries have paid relatively little attention to brain disorders. The negative attitudes, prejudice, and stigma that often surround many of these disorders have contributed to this neglect. Lacking proper diagnosis and treatment, millions of individual lives are lost to disability and death. Such conditions exact both personal and economic costs on families, communities, and nations. The report describes the causes and risk factors associated with brain disorders. It focuses on six representative brain disorders that are prevalent in developing countries: developmental disabilities, epilepsy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and stroke. The report makes detailed recommendations of ways to reduce the toll exacted by these six disorders. In broader strokes, the report also proposes six major strategies toward reducing the overall burden of brain disorders in the developing world. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Kathleen Stratton A2 - Alicia Gable A2 - Marie C. McCormick TI - Immunization Safety Review: Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopmental Disorders SN - DO - 10.17226/10208 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10208/immunization-safety-review-thimerosal-containing-vaccines-and-neurodevelopmental-disorders PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In this report, the Immunization Safety Review committee examines the hypothesis of whether or not the use of vaccines containing the preservative thimerosal can cause neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), specifically autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and speech or language delay. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Michael Greene TI - The Future of Personal Transport in China: Summary of a Symposium, January 12, 2001 DO - 10.17226/10214 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10214/the-future-of-personal-transport-in-china-summary-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - AB - In August 1999 a delegation from the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) visited The National Academies in Washington to discuss opportunities for collaboration on a study of the future of personal use vehicles in China. Barely motorized at present, China is confronted with the prospect of a massive increase in demand for automobiles. This is a summary of the first meeting of the Committee on the Future of Personal Use Vehicles in China, where the committee invited a group of experts to join some members of the committee to review the issues surrounding rapid motorization in China and the world experience in confronting similar problems in other countries. This symposium was designed to serve as the initial technical presentation to the committee and enabled some of the more difficult issues to be introduced by non-member experts in a setting outside of the committee room where they would be debated. ER -