%0 Book %E Chalk, Rosemary %E King, Patricia A. %T Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs %@ 978-0-309-05496-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5285/violence-in-families-assessing-prevention-and-treatment-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5285/violence-in-families-assessing-prevention-and-treatment-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 416 %X Reports of mistreated children, domestic violence, and abuse of elderly persons continue to strain the capacity of police, courts, social services agencies, and medical centers. At the same time, myriad treatment and prevention programs are providing services to victims and offenders. Although limited research knowledge exists regarding the effectiveness of these programs, such information is often scattered, inaccessible, and difficult to obtain. Violence in Families takes the first hard look at the successes and failures of family violence interventions. It offers recommendations to guide services, programs, policy, and research on victim support and assistance, treatments and penalties for offenders, and law enforcement. Included is an analysis of more than 100 evaluation studies on the outcomes of different kinds of programs and services. Violence in Families provides the most comprehensive review on the topic to date. It explores the scope and complexity of family violence, including identification of the multiple types of victims and offenders, who require different approaches to intervention. The book outlines new strategies that offer promising approaches for service providers and researchers and for improving the evaluation of prevention and treatment services. Violence in Families discusses issues that underlie all types of family violence, such as the tension between family support and the protection of children, risk factors that contribute to violent behavior in families, and the balance between family privacy and community interventions. The core of the book is a research-based review of interventions used in three institutional sectors—social services, health, and law enforcement settings—and how to measure their effectiveness in combating maltreatment of children, domestic violence, and abuse of the elderly. Among the questions explored by the committee: Does the child protective services system work? Does the threat of arrest deter batterers? The volume discusses the strength of the evidence and highlights emerging links among interventions in different institutional settings. Thorough, readable, and well organized, Violence in Families synthesizes what is known and outlines what needs to be discovered. This volume will be of great interest to policymakers, social services providers, health care professionals, police and court officials, victim advocates, researchers, and concerned individuals. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors %@ 978-0-309-06126-1 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5966/containing-the-threat-from-illegal-bombings-an-integrated-national-strategy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5966/containing-the-threat-from-illegal-bombings-an-integrated-national-strategy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 384 %X In response to the rising concern of the American public over illegal bombings, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms asked the National Research Council to examine possible mechanisms for reducing this threat. The committee examined four approaches to reducing the bombing threat: addition of detection markers to explosives for pre-blast detection, addition of identification taggants to explosives for post-blast identification of bombers, possible means to render common explosive materials inert, and placing controls on explosives and their precursors. The book makes several recommendations to reduce the number of criminal bombings in this country. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Black and Smokeless Powders: Technologies for Finding Bombs and the Bomb Makers %@ 978-0-309-06246-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6289/black-and-smokeless-powders-technologies-for-finding-bombs-and-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6289/black-and-smokeless-powders-technologies-for-finding-bombs-and-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 180 %X Some 600 pipe bomb explosions have occurred annually in the United States during the past several years. How can technology help protect the public from these homemade devices? This book, a response to a Congressional mandate, focuses on ways to improve public safety by preventing bombings involving smokeless or black powders and apprehending the makers of the explosive devices. It examines technologies used for detection of explosive devices before they explode—including the possible addition of marking agents to the powders—and technologies used in criminal investigations for identification of these powders—including the possible addition of taggants to the powders—in the context of current technical capabilities. The book offers general conclusions and recommendations about the detection of devices containing smokeless and black powders and the feasibility of identifying makers of the devices from recovered powder or residue. It also makes specific recommendations about marking and tagging technologies. This volume follows the work reported in Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings (NRC 1998), which studied similar issues for bombings that utilize high explosives. %0 Book %T Protecting Youth at Work: Health, Safety, and Development of Working Children and Adolescents in the United States %@ 978-0-309-06413-2 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6019/protecting-youth-at-work-health-safety-and-development-of-working %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6019/protecting-youth-at-work-health-safety-and-development-of-working %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 336 %X In Massachusetts, a 12-year-old girl delivering newspapers is killed when a car strikes her bicycle. In Los Angeles, a 14-year-old boy repeatedly falls asleep in class, exhausted from his evening job. Although children and adolescents may benefit from working, there may also be negative social effects and sometimes danger in their jobs. Protecting Youth at Work looks at what is known about work done by children and adolescents and the effects of that work on their physical and emotional health and social functioning. The committee recommends specific initiatives for legislators, regulators, researchers, and employers. This book provides historical perspective on working children and adolescents in America and explores the framework of child labor laws that govern that work. The committee presents a wide range of data and analysis on the scope of youth employment, factors that put children and adolescents at risk in the workplace, and the positive and negative effects of employment, including data on educational attainment and lifestyle choices. Protecting Youth at Work also includes discussions of special issues for minority and disadvantaged youth, young workers in agriculture, and children who work in family-owned businesses. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %T The Myrna Mack Case: An Update %@ 978-0-309-06077-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6100/the-myrna-mack-case-an-update %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6100/the-myrna-mack-case-an-update %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 28 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reed, Holly %E Haaga, John %E Keely, Charles %T The Demography of Forced Migration: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-06141-4 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6187/the-demography-of-forced-migration-summary-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6187/the-demography-of-forced-migration-summary-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 40 %X Because forced migration situations are often physically dangerous and politically complicated, estimates of these populations are often difficult to make. Estimates of forced migration vary, but it is probable that there are about 23 million refugees and more than 30 million internally displaced people.In order to assist specific groups of forced migrants and also to better understand the general plight of forced migrants, good demographic data are needed. However, collecting data on forced migration presents tremendous challenges for normal data collection processes and standards.To explore a range of issues about internally displaced persons and refugees, the Committee on Population of the National Research Council organized a Workshop on the Demography of Forced Migration in Washington, D.C., in November 1997. The purpose of the workshop was to investigate the ways in which population and other social scientists can produce more useful demographic information about forced migrant populations and how they differ. This report summarizes the background papers prepared for the meeting, the presentations, and the general discussion. %0 Book %E Bridgman, Anne %E Phillips, Deborah %T New Findings on Poverty and Child Health and Nutrition: Summary of a Research Briefing %@ 978-0-309-06085-1 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6102/new-findings-on-poverty-and-child-health-and-nutrition-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6102/new-findings-on-poverty-and-child-health-and-nutrition-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 64 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Government/Industry Forum on Capital Facilities and Core Competencies: Summary Report %@ 978-0-309-06244-2 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6304/governmentindustry-forum-on-capital-facilities-and-core-competencies-summary-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6304/governmentindustry-forum-on-capital-facilities-and-core-competencies-summary-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 50 %0 Book %E Hernandez, Donald J. %E Charney, Evan %T From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families %@ 978-0-309-06561-0 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6164/from-generation-to-generation-the-health-and-well-being-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6164/from-generation-to-generation-the-health-and-well-being-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 336 %X Immigrant children and youth are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population, and so their prospects bear heavily on the well-being of the country. However, relevant public policy is shaped less by informed discussion than by politicized contention over welfare reform and immigration limits. From Generation to Generation explores what we know about the development of white, black, Hispanic, and Asian children and youth from numerous countries of origin. Describing the status of immigrant children and youth as "severely understudied," the committee both draws on and supplements existing research to characterize the current status and outlook of immigrant children. The book discusses the many factors—family size, fluency in English, parent employment, acculturation, delivery of health and social services, and public policies—that shape the outlook for the lives of these children and youth. The committee makes recommendations for improved research and data collection designed to advance knowledge about these children and, as a result, their visibility in current policy debates. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Ensuring Safe Food: From Production to Consumption %@ 978-0-309-06559-7 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6163/ensuring-safe-food-from-production-to-consumption %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6163/ensuring-safe-food-from-production-to-consumption %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 206 %X How safe is our food supply? Each year the media report what appears to be growing concern related to illness caused by the food consumed by Americans. These food borne illnesses are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues, and food additives. Recent actions taken at the federal, state, and local levels in response to the increase in reported incidences of food borne illnesses point to the need to evaluate the food safety system in the United States. This book assesses the effectiveness of the current food safety system and provides recommendations on changes needed to ensure an effective science-based food safety system. Ensuring Safe Food discusses such important issues as: What are the primary hazards associated with the food supply? What gaps exist in the current system for ensuring a safe food supply? What effects do trends in food consumption have on food safety? What is the impact of food preparation and handling practices in the home, in food services, or in production operations on the risk of food borne illnesses? What organizational changes in responsibility or oversight could be made to increase the effectiveness of the food safety system in the United States? Current concerns associated with microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards in the food supply are discussed. The book also considers how changes in technology and food processing might introduce new risks. Recommendations are made on steps for developing a coordinated, unified system for food safety. The book also highlights areas that need additional study. Ensuring Safe Food will be important for policymakers, food trade professionals, food producers, food processors, food researchers, public health professionals, and consumers. %0 Book %E West, Kirsten K. %E Hauser, Robert M. %E Scanlan, Terri M. %T Longitudinal Surveys of Children %@ 978-0-309-06192-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6254/longitudinal-surveys-of-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6254/longitudinal-surveys-of-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 128 %X The Committee and the Board on Children, Youth, and Families convened in September a workshop to discuss ways to foster greater collaboration and sharing of information among principal investigators of several longitudinal surveys of children. Among many topics discussed were issues of coverage and balance of content, sampling design and weighting, measurement and analysis, field operations, legitimation and retention of cases, data disclosure and dissemination, and resources available for longitudinal studies. The workshop was sponsored by the National Institute on Justice. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Global Economy, Global Technology, Global Corporations: Reports of a Joint Task Force of the National Research Council and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science on the Rights and Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations in an Age of Technological Interdependence %@ 978-0-309-05847-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6113/global-economy-global-technology-global-corporations-reports-of-a-joint %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6113/global-economy-global-technology-global-corporations-reports-of-a-joint %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Engineering and Technology %P 106 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Investing in Research Infrastructure in the Behavioral and Social Sciences %@ 978-0-309-06248-0 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6276/investing-in-research-infrastructure-in-the-behavioral-and-social-sciences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6276/investing-in-research-infrastructure-in-the-behavioral-and-social-sciences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 36 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Setlow, Valerie Petit %E Lawson, C. Elaine %E Woods, Nancy Fugate %T Gender Differences in Susceptibility to Environmental Factors: A Priority Assessment %@ 978-0-309-06423-1 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6035/gender-differences-in-susceptibility-to-environmental-factors-a-priority-assessment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6035/gender-differences-in-susceptibility-to-environmental-factors-a-priority-assessment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Health and Medicine %P 96 %X Women's health and men's health differ in a variety of ways—women live longer on average, for example, but tend to be sicker as well. Whereas some of these distinctions are based solely on gender, there is growing awareness that the environment and related factors may play a role in creating health status differences between men and women. Various factors, such as genetics and hormones, may account for gender differences in susceptibility to environmental factors. In 1996 the Office for Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health asked the Institute of Medicine to conduct a workshop study to review some of the current federal research programs devoted to women's health and to clarify the state of knowledge regarding gender-related differences in susceptibility. This book contains a general outline of research needs, a summary of the workshop proceedings (as well as summaries of the speakers' presentations), and an analysis of the participating federal agencies' research portfolios. %0 Book %T Internet Counts: Measuring the Impacts of the Internet %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9845/internet-counts-measuring-the-impacts-of-the-internet %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9845/internet-counts-measuring-the-impacts-of-the-internet %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Earth Sciences %P 104 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Biomedical Models and Resources: Current Needs and Future Opportunities %@ 978-0-309-06035-6 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6066/biomedical-models-and-resources-current-needs-and-future-opportunities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6066/biomedical-models-and-resources-current-needs-and-future-opportunities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 84 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Smith, James P. %E Edmonston, Barry %T The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration %@ 978-0-309-05998-5 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5985/the-immigration-debate-studies-on-the-economic-demographic-and-fiscal %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5985/the-immigration-debate-studies-on-the-economic-demographic-and-fiscal %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 472 %X The New Americans (NRC 1997) presents an analysis of the economic gains and losses from immigration—for the nation, states, and local areas—providing a scientific foundation for public discussion and policymaking. This companion book of systematic research presents nine original and synthesis papers with detailed data and analysis that support and extend the work in the first book and point the way for future work. The Immigration Debate includes case studies of the fiscal effects of immigration in New Jersey and California, studies of the impact of immigration on population redistribution and on crime in the United States, and much more. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lamb, Sara %E Greenlick, Merwyn R. %E McCarty, Dennis %T Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment %@ 978-0-309-06565-8 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6169/bridging-the-gap-between-practice-and-research-forging-partnerships-with %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6169/bridging-the-gap-between-practice-and-research-forging-partnerships-with %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 288 %X Today, most substance abuse treatment is administered by community-based organizations. If providers could readily incorporate the most recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of addiction and treatment, the treatment would be much more effective and efficient. The gap between research findings and everyday treatment practice represents an enormous missed opportunity at this exciting time in this field. Informed by real-life experiences in addiction treatment including workshops and site visits, Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research examines why research remains remote from treatment and makes specific recommendations to community providers, federal and state agencies, and other decision-makers. The book outlines concrete strategies for building and disseminating knowledge about addiction; for linking research, policy development, and everyday treatment implementation; and for helping drug treatment consumers become more informed advocates. In candid language, the committee discusses the policy barriers and the human attitudes—the stigma, suspicion, and skepticism—that often hinder progress in addiction treatment. The book identifies the obstacles to effective collaboration among the research, treatment, and policy sectors; evaluates models to address these barriers; and looks in detail at the issue from the perspective of the community-based provider and the researcher. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Nelson, Joan M. %E Tilly, Charles %E Walker, Lee %T Transforming Post-Communist Political Economies %@ 978-0-309-05929-9 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5852/transforming-post-communist-political-economies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5852/transforming-post-communist-political-economies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 528 %X This ground-breaking new volume focuses on the interaction between political, social, and economic change in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States. It includes a wide selection of analytic papers, thought-provoking essays by leading scholars in diverse fields, and an agenda for future research. It integrates work on the micro and macro levels of the economy and provides a broad overview of the transition process. This volume broadens the current intellectual and policy debate concerning the historic transition now taking place from a narrow concern with purely economic factors to the dynamics of political and social change. It questions the assumption that the post-communist economies are all following the same path and that they will inevitably develop into replicas of economies in the advanced industrial West. It challenges accepted thinking and promotes the utilization of new methods and perspectives. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T People and Pixels: Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science %@ 978-0-309-06408-8 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5963/people-and-pixels-linking-remote-sensing-and-social-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5963/people-and-pixels-linking-remote-sensing-and-social-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 256 %X Space-based sensors are giving us an ever-closer and more comprehensive look at the earth's surface; they also have the potential to tell us about human activity. This volume examines the possibilities for using remote sensing technology to improve understanding of social processes and human-environment interactions. Examples include deforestation and regrowth in Brazil, population-environment interactions in Thailand, ancient and modern rural development in Guatemala, and urbanization in the United States, as well as early warnings of famine and disease outbreaks. The book also provides information on current sources of remotely sensed data and metadata and discusses what is involved in establishing effective collaborative efforts between scientists working with remote sensing technology and those working on social and environmental issues.