@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Nancy A. Crowell and Ann W. Burgess", title = "Understanding Violence Against Women", isbn = "978-0-309-05425-6", abstract = "Violence against women is one factor in the growing wave of alarm about violence in American society. High-profile cases such as the O.J. Simpson trial call attention to the thousands of lesser-known but no less tragic situations in which women's lives are shattered by beatings or sexual assault.\nThe search for solutions has highlighted not only what we know about violence against women but also what we do not know. How can we achieve the best understanding of this problem and its complex ramifications? What research efforts will yield the greatest benefit? What are the questions that must be answered?\nUnderstanding Violence Against Women presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifies four areas with the greatest potential return from a research investment by increasing the understanding of and responding to domestic violence and rape:\n\n What interventions are designed to do, whom they are reaching, and how to reach the many victims who do not seek help.\n Factors that put people at risk of violence and that precipitate violence, including characteristics of offenders.\n The scope of domestic violence and sexual assault in America and its conequences to individuals, families, and society, including costs.\n How to structure the study of violence against women to yield more useful knowledge.\n\nDespite the news coverage and talk shows, the real fundamental nature of violence against women remains unexplored and often misunderstood. Understanding Violence Against Women provides direction for increasing knowledge that can help ameliorate this national problem.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5127/understanding-violence-against-women", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Pathways of Addiction: Opportunities in Drug Abuse Research", isbn = "978-0-309-05533-8", abstract = "Drug abuse persists as one of the most costly and contentious problems on the nation's agenda. Pathways of Addiction meets the need for a clear and thoughtful national research agenda that will yield the greatest benefit from today's limited resources.\nThe committee makes its recommendations within the public health framework and incorporates diverse fields of inquiry and a range of policy positions. It examines both the demand and supply aspects of drug abuse.\nPathways of Addiction offers a fact-filled, highly readable examination of drug abuse issues in the United States, describing findings and outlining research needs in the areas of behavioral and neurobiological foundations of drug abuse. The book covers the epidemiology and etiology of drug abuse and discusses several of its most troubling health and social consequences, including HIV, violence, and harm to children.\nPathways of Addiction looks at the efficacy of different prevention interventions and the many advances that have been made in treatment research in the past 20 years. The book also examines drug treatment in the criminal justice setting and the effectiveness of drug treatment under managed care.\nThe committee advocates systematic study of the laws by which the nation attempts to control drug use and identifies the research questions most germane to public policy. Pathways of Addiction provides a strategic outline for wise investment of the nation's research resources in drug abuse. This comprehensive and accessible volume will have widespread relevance\u2014to policymakers, researchers, research administrators, foundation decisionmakers, healthcare professionals, faculty and students, and concerned individuals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5297/pathways-of-addiction-opportunities-in-drug-abuse-research", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Christopher P. Howson and Polly F. Harrison and Maureen Law", title = "In Her Lifetime: Female Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa", isbn = "978-0-309-05430-0", abstract = "The relative lack of information on determinants of disease, disability, and death at major stages of a woman's lifespan and the excess morbidity and premature mortality that this engenders has important adverse social and economic ramifications, not only for Sub-Saharan Africa, but also for other regions of the world as well. Women bear much of the weight of world production in both traditional and modern industries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, women contribute approximately 60 to 80 percent of agricultural labor. Worldwide, it is estimated that women are the sole supporters in 18 to 30 percent of all families, and that their financial contribution in the remainder of families is substantial and often crucial.\nThis book provides a solid documentary base that can be used to develop an agenda to guide research and health policy formulation on female health\u2014both for Sub-Saharan Africa and for other regions of the developing world. This book could also help facilitate ongoing, collaboration between African researchers on women's health and their U.S. colleagues. Chapters cover such topics as demographics, nutritional status, obstetric morbidity and mortality, mental health problems, and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5112/in-her-lifetime-female-morbidity-and-mortality-in-sub-saharan", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Gooloo S. Wunderlich and Frank Sloan and Carolyne K. Davis", title = "Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?", isbn = "978-0-309-05398-3", abstract = "Hospitals and nursing homes are responding to changes in the health care system by modifying staffing levels and the mix of nursing personnel. But do these changes endanger the quality of patient care? Do nursing staff suffer increased rates of injury, illness, or stress because of changing workplace demands?\nThese questions are addressed in Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes, a thorough and authoritative look at today's health care system that also takes a long-term view of staffing needs for nursing as the nation moves into the next century. The committee draws fundamental conclusions about the evolving role of nurses in hospitals and nursing homes and presents recommendations about staffing decisions, nursing training, measurement of quality, reimbursement, and other areas. The volume also discusses work-related injuries, violence toward and abuse of nursing staffs, and stress among nursing personnel\u2014and examines whether these problems are related to staffing levels. Included is a readable overview of the underlying trends in health care that have given rise to urgent questions about nurse staffing: population changes, budget pressures, and the introduction of new technologies. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes provides a straightforward examination of complex and sensitive issues surround the role and value of nursing on our health care system.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5151/nursing-staff-in-hospitals-and-nursing-homes-is-it-adequate", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Paying Attention to Children in a Changing Health Care System", isbn = "978-0-309-05588-8", abstract = "America's health care system is being reshaped by a variety of market-driven changes, and states are emerging as the major governmental influence on health care policy.\nAmid these changes, the health and well-being of children can slip from view. Although most children are fundamentally healthy, they require health care that emphasizes preventive services, such as immunizations and regular monitoring of physical and psychosocial growth and development.\nThis volume takes a broad look at access and quality of care for pregnant women, children, and mothers. Among the issues addressed are the scope of benefits available under various health care reform efforts and services for special-needs children under managed care.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5408/paying-attention-to-children-in-a-changing-health-care-system", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Deborah A. Phillips and Natasha J. Cabrera", title = "Beyond the Blueprint: Directions for Research on Head Start's Families", isbn = "978-0-309-05485-0", abstract = "On its 30th anniversary, public acceptance of Head Start is high, yet understanding of its goals is low, and evaluation research is limited in quality and scope. In this book, a roundtable of representatives from government, universities, medicine, and family support agencies identifies a set of research possibilities to generate a broader understanding of the effects of Head Start on families and children. Among the important issues discussed are the ethnic and linguistic diversity of Head Start families, the social conditions of the community context, and the implications of the changing economic landscape for both families and Head Start itself.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5196/beyond-the-blueprint-directions-for-research-on-head-starts-families", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Frederick J. Manning and Jeremiah A. Barondess", title = "Changing Health Care Systems and Rheumatic Disease", isbn = "978-0-309-05683-0", abstract = "Market forces are driving a radical restructuring of health care delivery in the United States. At the same time, more and more people are living comparatively long lives with a variety of severe chronic health conditions. Many such people are concerned about the trend toward the creation of managed care systems because their need for frequent, often complex, medical services conflicts with managed care's desires to contain costs. The fear is that people with serious chronic disorders will be excluded from or underserved by the integrated health care delivery networks now emerging. Responding to a request from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, this book reflects the results of a workshop that focused on the following questions:\n\n Does the model of managed care or an integrated delivery system influence the types of interventions provided to patients with chronic conditions and the clinical and health status outcomes resulting from those interventions?\n If so, are these effects quantitatively and clinically significant, as compared to the effects that other variables (e.g., income, education, ethnicity) have on patient outcomes?\n If the type of health care delivery system appears to be related to patient care and outcomes, can specific organizational, financial, or other variables be identified that account for the relationships?\n If not, what type of research should be pursued to provide the information needed about the relationship between types of health care systems and the processes and outcomes of care provided to people with serious chronic conditions?\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5472/changing-health-care-systems-and-rheumatic-disease", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "John H. Bryant and Polly F. Harrison", title = "Global Health in Transition: A Synthesis: Perspectives from International Organizations", isbn = "978-0-309-05595-6", abstract = "For many reasons, this decade is a time of rethinking many things. There is the impending turn of the millenium, an event packed with meaning. There is recent political history, which has changed the global structure of power in ways few could foresee, and there is an economic fluidity worldwide that makes every day unpredictable and the future uncertain. There are movements of people and surges of violence that seem unparalleled, and well may be. We are awash in change, and people everywhere are trying to understand that and read its implications. It is a time that provokes soul-searching: backward, into the lessons and achievements of the past, and forward, into ways for the future to be better.\nThe fields of health and social development are no exception. More specifically, events and conditions in the health sector point to the need to rethink some large issues. Nations everywhere are grappling with the economic and ethical dilemmas of achieving and maintaining healthy populations, since these are both cause and consequence of true development. Increasingly, the thinking is global, because there are comparisons to be learned from, connections that have implications, obligations to fulfill, and costs that are somehow shared.\nAs part of this dynamic, there has been an explosion of analytic documents, published since the start of this decade, that deal mainly, though not exclusively, with health in developing countries. The purpose of Global Health in Transition is to distill the essential elements from those efforts, discuss the major ideas they share and the thoughts they prompt, ask what those might mean for a next agenda in global health, and comment on the shifting context in which our current concepts of the ideal will proveor not provetheir adequacy for the future.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5513/global-health-in-transition-a-synthesis-perspectives-from-international-organizations", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "2020 Vision: Health in the 21st Century", isbn = "978-0-309-05488-1", abstract = "This book contains the proceedings of the Institute of Medicine's 25th Anniversary Symposium. Its chapters comprise presentations by eminent health care professionals and policymakers concerning the challenges and opportunities that likely lie ahead for the United States\u2014and internationally\u2014over the next 25 years. These presentations cover such topics as world population and demography; global health; information and communications; risk, responsibility, and the evolution of health care payments; the role of institutions in health; and the health work force.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5202/2020-vision-health-in-the-21st-century", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "WIC Nutrition Risk Criteria: A Scientific Assessment", isbn = "978-0-309-05385-3", abstract = "This book reviews the scientific basis for nutrition risk criteria used to establish eligibility for participation in the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The volume also examines the specific segments of the WIC population at risk for each criterion, identifies gaps in the scientific knowledge base, formulates recommendations regarding appropriate criteria, and where applicable, recommends values for determining who is at risk for each criterion. Recommendations for program action and research are made to strengthen the validity of nutrition risk criteria used in the WIC program.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5071/wic-nutrition-risk-criteria-a-scientific-assessment", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Rosemary Chalk and Deborah A. Phillips", title = "Youth Development and Neighborhood Influences: Challenges and Opportunities", isbn = "978-0-309-05649-6", abstract = "On January 25, 1996, the Committee on Youth Development of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families convened a workshop to examine the implications of research on social settings for the design and evaluation of programs that serve youth. The January workshop provided an opportunity for the committee to examine the strengths and limitations of existing research on interactions between social settings and adolescent development. This research has drawn attention to the importance of understanding how, when, and where adolescents interact with their families, peers, and unrelated adults in settings such as home, school, places of work, and recreational sites. This workshop builds on previous work of the National Research Council and reiterates its support for integrating studies of social settings into more traditional research on individual characteristics, family functioning, and peer relationships in seeking to describe and explain adolescent behavior and youth outcomes.\nNot only does this report examine the strengths and limitations of research on social settings and adolescence and identify important research questions that deserve further study in developing this field, but it also explores alternative methods by which the findings of research on social settings could be better integrated into the development of youth programs and services. Specific themes include the impact of social settings on differences in developmental pathways, role expectations, and youth identity and decision-making skills, as well as factors that contribute to variations in community context.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5511/youth-development-and-neighborhood-influences-challenges-and-opportunities", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Michael A. Stoto and Cynthia Abel and Anne Dievler", title = "Healthy Communities: New Partnerships for the Future of Public Health", isbn = "978-0-309-05625-0", abstract = "The Future of Public Health, issued in 1988, set forth a vision of public health and a specific role for the governmental public health agency within that vision, including the mission and content of public health, and an organizational framework. In the eight years since the report was released, there has been a significant strengthening of practice in governmental public health agencies and other settings. Substantial social, demographic, and technological changes in recent years, however, have made it necessary to reexamine governmental public health agencies' efforts to improve the public's health. Drawing on the activities and discussions initiated by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Public Health, the current report addresses two critical public health issues that can greatly influence the opportunity for our public to be healthy as the United States enters a new century-(1) the relationship between public health agencies and managed care organizations, and (2) the role of the public health agency in the community-and their implications for the broader issues raised in The Future of Public Health.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5475/healthy-communities-new-partnerships-for-the-future-of-public-health", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "The Program for Research in Military Nursing: Progress and Future Direction", isbn = "978-0-309-05490-4", abstract = "High-quality nursing care is essential to obtaining favorable patient outcomes, no less so in military than in civilian settings. Military nursing research focuses on enhancing health care delivery systems and processes to improve clinical outcomes, to advance the practice of military nursing in support of mission readiness and deployment, and to improve the health status and quality of life of military personnel and their beneficiaries.\nThis volume reviews the military nursing research program of the TriService Nursing Research Program in terms of its management, funding, allocation of resources, and identification of program goals. The book also contains the results of that study and the committee's recommendations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5257/the-program-for-research-in-military-nursing-progress-and-future", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Barney Cohen and James Trussell", title = "Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research and Data Priorities for the Social and Behavioral Sciences", isbn = "978-0-309-05480-5", abstract = "The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5177/preventing-and-mitigating-aids-in-sub-saharan-africa-research-and", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Gary D. Sandefur and Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barney Cohen", title = "Changing Numbers, Changing Needs: American Indian Demography and Public Health", isbn = "978-0-309-05548-2", abstract = "The reported population of American Indians and Alaska Natives has grown rapidly over the past 20 years. These changes raise questions for the Indian Health Service and other agencies responsible for serving the American Indian population. How big is the population? What are its health care and insurance needs?\nThis volume presents an up-to-date summary of what is known about the demography of American Indian and Alaska Native population\u2014their age and geographic distributions, household structure, employment, and disability and disease patterns. This information is critical for health care planners who must determine the eligible population for Indian health services and the costs of providing them. The volume will also be of interest to researchers and policymakers concerned about the future characteristics and needs of the American Indian population.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5355/changing-numbers-changing-needs-american-indian-demography-and-public-health", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Kathleen Stratton and Cynthia Howe and Frederick C. Battaglia", title = "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment", isbn = "978-0-309-07675-3", abstract = "It sounds simple: Women who drink while pregnant may give birth to children with defects, so women should not drink during pregnancy. Yet in the 20 years since it was first described in the medical literature, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has proved to be a stubborn problem, with consequences as serious as those of the more widely publicized \"crack babies.\"\nThis volume discusses FAS and other possibly alcohol-related effects from two broad perspectives: diagnosis and surveillance, and prevention and treatment. In addition, it includes several real-life vignettes of FAS children.\nThe committee examines fundamental concepts for setting diagnostic criteria in general, reviews and updates the diagnostic criteria for FAS and related conditions, and explores current research findings and problems associated with FAS epidemiology and surveillance.\nIn addition, the book describes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to research on the prevention and treatment of FAS. The committee:\n\n Discusses levels of preventive intervention.\n Reviews available data about women and alcohol abuse and treatment among pregnant women.\n Explores the psychological and behavioral consequences of FAS at different ages.\n Examines the current state of knowledge about medical and therapeutic interventions, education efforts, and family support programs.\n\nThis volume will be of special interest to physicians, nurses, mental health practitioners, school and public health officials, policymakers, researchers, educators, and anyone else involved in serving families and children, especially in high risk populations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4991/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-diagnosis-epidemiology-prevention-and-treatment", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Molla S. Donaldson and Karl D. Yordy and Kathleen N. Lohr and Neal A. Vanselow", title = "Primary Care: America's Health in a New Era", isbn = "978-0-309-05399-0", abstract = "Ask for a definition of primary care, and you are likely to hear as many answers as there are health care professionals in your survey. Primary Care fills this gap with a detailed definition already adopted by professional organizations and praised at recent conferences. This volume makes recommendations for improving primary care, building its organization, financing, infrastructure, and knowledge base\u2014as well as developing a way of thinking and acting for primary care clinicians. Are there enough primary care doctors? Are they merely gatekeepers? Is the traditional relationship between patient and doctor outmoded? The committee draws conclusions about these and other controversies in a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion that covers:\n\n The scope of primary care.\n Its philosophical underpinnings.\n Its value to the patient and the community.\n Its impact on cost, access, and quality.\n\nThis volume discusses the needs of special populations, the role of the capitation method of payment, and more. Recommendations are offered for achieving a more multidisciplinary education for primary care clinicians. Research priorities are identified. Primary Care provides a forward-thinking view of primary care as it should be practiced in the new integrated health care delivery systems\u2014important to health care clinicians and those who train and employ them, policymakers at all levels, health care managers, payers, and interested individuals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5152/primary-care-americas-health-in-a-new-era", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "New Materials for Next-Generation Commercial Transports", isbn = "978-0-309-05390-7", abstract = "The major objective of this book was to identify issues related to the introduction of new materials and the effects that advanced materials will have on the durability and technical risk of future civil aircraft throughout their service life. The committee investigated the new materials and structural concepts that are likely to be incorporated into next generation commercial aircraft and the factors influencing application decisions. Based on these predictions, the committee attempted to identify the design, characterization, monitoring, and maintenance issues that are critical for the introduction of advanced materials and structural concepts into future aircraft.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5070/new-materials-for-next-generation-commercial-transports", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Reproductive Health Interventions: Report of a Meeting", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9087/reproductive-health-interventions-report-of-a-meeting", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Military Nursing Research: Bibliographies", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9180/military-nursing-research-bibliographies", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }