TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War: Initial Findings and Recommendations for Immediate Action SN - DO - 10.17226/4904 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4904/health-consequences-of-service-during-the-persian-gulf-war-initial PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - This initial volume in an ongoing study of the potential health consequences of service during the Persian Gulf War responds to a request from Congress to determine whether actions taken to evaluate health effects have been appropriate. It reflects the committee's examination of health outcomes and related research efforts, women's health and reproductive health issues, infrastructure and procedures for data collection, health services influences, the role of psychiatric diagnosis, and a review of the activities of boards and coordinating groups, as well as how issues stemming from involvement in the Persian Gulf might be relevant for possible future conflicts. While the committee continues its full-length study of the problem, the recommendations in this volume are for actions it feels should be taken immediately. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Resource Allocation for Family Planning in Developing Countries: Report of a Meeting DO - 10.17226/9050 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9050/resource-allocation-for-family-planning-in-developing-countries-report-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Estimated Mean per Capita Energy Requirements for Planning Emergency Food Aid Rations DO - 10.17226/9095 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9095/estimated-mean-per-capita-energy-requirements-for-planning-emergency-food-aid-rations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans: The Feasibility of Epidemiologic Studies SN - DO - 10.17226/4992 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4992/adverse-reproductive-outcomes-in-families-of-atomic-veterans-the-feasibility PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Over the past several decades, public concern over exposure to ionizing radiation has increased. This concern has manifested itself in different ways depending on the perception of risk to different individuals and different groups and the circumstances of their exposure. One such group are those U.S. servicemen (the "Atomic Veterans" who participated in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site or in the Pacific Proving Grounds, who served with occupation forces in or near Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or who were prisoners of war in or near those cities at the time of, or shortly after, the atomic bombings. This book addresses the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study to determine if there is an increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in the spouses, children, and grandchildren of the Atomic Veterans. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Radiation Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses SN - DO - 10.17226/4760 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4760/radiation-dose-reconstruction-for-epidemiologic-uses PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Growing public concern about releases of radiation into the environment has focused attention on the measurement of exposure of people living near nuclear weapons production facilities or in areas affected by accidental releases of radiation. Radiation-Dose Reconstruction for Epidemiologic Uses responds to the need for criteria for dose reconstruction studies, particularly if the doses are to be useful in epidemiology. This book provides specific and practical recommendations for whether, when, and how studies should be conducted, with an emphasis on public participation. Based on the expertise of scientists involved in dozens of dose reconstruction projects, this volume: Provides an overview of the basic requirements and technical aspects of dose reconstruction. Presents lessons to be learned from dose reconstructions after Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and elsewhere. Explores the potential benefits and limitations of biological markers. Discusses how to establish the "source term"—that is, to determine what was released. Explores methods for identifying the environmental pathways by which radiation reaches the body. Offers details on three major categories of dose assessment. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Guidelines for Chemical Warfare Agents in Military Field Drinking Water DO - 10.17226/9527 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9527/guidelines-for-chemical-warfare-agents-in-military-field-drinking-water PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Technical Bases for Yucca Mountain Standards SN - DO - 10.17226/4943 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4943/technical-bases-for-yucca-mountain-standards PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The United States currently has no place to dispose of the high-level radioactive waste resulting from the production of the nuclear weapons and the operation of nuclear electronic power plants. The only option under formal consideration at this time is to place the waste in an underground geologic repository at Yucca Mountain in Nevada. However, there is strong public debate about whether such a repository could protect humans from the radioactive waste that will be dangerous for many thousands of years. This book shows the extent to which our scientific knowledge can guide the federal government in developing a standard to protect the health of the public from wastes in such a repository at Yucca Mountain. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is required to use the recommendations presented in this book as it develops its standard. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Marilyn J. Field A2 - Robert E. Tranquada A2 - Jill C. Feasley TI - Health Services Research: Work Force and Educational Issues SN - DO - 10.17226/5020 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5020/health-services-research-work-force-and-educational-issues PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In a health care environment undergoing major restructuring, health services researchers have an important contribution to make in evaluating the impact of change and in guiding policymakers, clinicians, corporate purchasers, and patients. This book examines the health services research work force and its education. Conclusions focus on the quantity and quality of the work force, prospects for the future, and directions for government policy. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Integrating Federal Statistics on Children: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/4941 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4941/integrating-federal-statistics-on-children-report-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Those who make and implement policies for children and families are seriously hampered by several features of the federal statistical system: categorical fragmentation, sampling strategies that follow adults and families rather than children, and lack of longitudinal data on children. This volume examines the adequacy of federal statistics on children and families. It includes papers on the relevant aspects of health care reform, family and community resources, interpersonal violence, the transition to school, and educational attainment and the transition to work. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Marshaling Technology for Development: Proceedings of a Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/5022 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5022/marshaling-technology-for-development-proceedings-of-a-symposium PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Industry and Labor AB - Recent technological advances, particularly in microelectronics and telecommunications, biotechnology, and advanced materials, pose critical challenges and opportunities for developing countries, and for the development banks and other organizations that serve them. Those countries that fail to adapt to the transformations driven by new technologies in industry, agriculture, health, environment, energy, education, and other sectors may find it difficult to avoid falling behind. This book represents a joint effort by the World Bank and the National Research Council to survey the status and effect of technology change in key sectors and to recommend action by the development organizations, government, private sector and the scientific and technological community. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Marilyn J. Field TI - Dental Education at the Crossroads: Challenges and Change SN - DO - 10.17226/4925 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4925/dental-education-at-the-crossroads-challenges-and-change PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Health and Medicine AB - Six dental schools have closed in the last decade and others are in jeopardy. Facing this uncertainty about the status of dental education and the continued tension between educators and practitioners, leaders in the profession have recognized the need for purpose and direction. This comprehensive volume—the first to cover the education, research, and patient care missions of dental schools—offers specific recommendations on oral health assessment, access to dental care, dental school curricula, financing for education, research priorities, examinations and licensing, workforce planning, and other key areas. Well organized and accessible, the book: Recaps the evolution of dental practice and education. Reviews key indicators of oral health status, outlines oral health goals, and discusses implications for education. Addresses major curriculum concerns. Examines health services that dental schools provide to patients and communities. Looks at faculty and student involvement in research. Explores the relationship of dental education to the university, the dental profession, and society at large. Accreditation, the dental workforce, and other critical policy issues are highlighted as well. Of greatest interest to deans, faculty, administrators, and students at dental schools, as well as to academic health centers and universities, this book also will be informative for health policymakers, dental professionals, and dental researchers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Gilles Pison A2 - Kenneth H. Hill A2 - Barney Cohen A2 - Karen A. Foote TI - Population Dynamics of Senegal SN - DO - 10.17226/4900 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4900/population-dynamics-of-senegal PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - This volume, the last in the series Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa, examines key demographic changes in Senegal over the past several decades. It analyzes the changes in fertility and their causes, with comparisons to other sub-Saharan countries. It also analyzes the causes and patterns of declines in mortality, focusing particularly on rural and urban differences. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Andrew M. Pope A2 - Meta A. Snyder A2 - Lillian H. Mood TI - Nursing, Health, and the Environment SN - DO - 10.17226/4986 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4986/nursing-health-and-the-environment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - America's nurses, an estimated 2 million strong, are often at the frontlines in confronting environmental health hazards. Yet most nurses have not received adequate training to manage these hazards. Nursing, Health, and the Environment explores the effects that environmental hazards (including those in the workplace) have on the health of patients and communities and proposes specific strategies for preparing nurses to address them. The committee documents the magnitude of environmental hazards and discusses the importance of the relationship between nursing, health, and the environment from three broad perspectives: Practice—The authors address environmental health issues in the nursing process, potential controversies over nurses taking a more activist stance on environmental health issues, and more. Education—The volume presents the status of environmental health content in nursing curricula and credentialing, and specific strategies for incorporating more environmental health into nursing preparation. Research—The book includes a survey of the available knowledge base and options for expanding nursing research as it relates to environmental health hazards. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Recommendations for Research on the Health of Military Women: Bibliographies DO - 10.17226/9049 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9049/recommendations-for-research-on-the-health-of-military-women-bibliographies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - For the Public Good: Highlights from the Institute of Medicine, 1970-1995 DO - 10.17226/9222 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9222/for-the-public-good-highlights-from-the-institute-of-medicine PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Sarah S. Brown A2 - Leon Eisenberg TI - The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families SN - DO - 10.17226/4903 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4903/the-best-intentions-unintended-pregnancy-and-the-well-being-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Experts estimate that nearly 60 percent of all U.S. pregnancies—and 81 percent of pregnancies among adolescents—are unintended. Yet the topic of preventing these unintended pregnancies has long been treated gingerly because of personal sensitivities and public controversies, especially the angry debate over abortion. Additionally, child welfare advocates long have overlooked the connection between pregnancy planning and the improved well-being of families and communities that results when children are wanted. Now, current issues—health care and welfare reform, and the new international focus on population—are drawing attention to the consequences of unintended pregnancy. In this climate The Best Intentions offers a timely exploration of family planning issues from a distinguished panel of experts. This committee sheds much-needed light on the questions and controversies surrounding unintended pregnancy. The book offers specific recommendations to put the United States on par with other developed nations in terms of contraceptive attitudes and policies, and it considers the effectiveness of over 20 pregnancy prevention programs. The Best Intentions explores problematic definitions—"unintended" versus "unwanted" versus "mistimed"—and presents data on pregnancy rates and trends. The book also summarizes the health and social consequences of unintended pregnancies, for both men and women, and for the children they bear. Why does unintended pregnancy occur? In discussions of "reasons behind the rates," the book examines Americans' ambivalence about sexuality and the many other social, cultural, religious, and economic factors that affect our approach to contraception. The committee explores the complicated web of peer pressure, life aspirations, and notions of romance that shape an individual's decisions about sex, contraception, and pregnancy. And the book looks at such practical issues as the attitudes of doctors toward birth control and the place of contraception in both health insurance and "managed care." The Best Intentions offers frank discussion, synthesis of data, and policy recommendations on one of today's most sensitive social topics. This book will be important to policymakers, health and social service personnel, foundation executives, opinion leaders, researchers, and concerned individuals. ER - TY - BOOK TI - A Review of the Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends Program: The Draft Detailed Program DO - 10.17226/9158 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9158/a-review-of-the-biomonitoring-of-environmental-status-and-trends-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK TI - Toward Improved Modeling of Retirement Income Policies: Interim Report DO - 10.17226/9085 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9085/toward-improved-modeling-of-retirement-income-policies-interim-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - The Children's Vaccine Initiative: Continuing Activities DO - 10.17226/9103 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9103/the-childrens-vaccine-initiative-continuing-activities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Bernard Roizman TI - Infectious Diseases in an Age of Change: The Impact of Human Ecology and Behavior on Disease Transmission SN - DO - 10.17226/4772 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4772/infectious-diseases-in-an-age-of-change-the-impact-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Twenty-first century progress against infectious diseases is threatened by urbanization, population growth, war refugees, changing sexual standards, and a host of other factors that open doors to the transmission of deadly pathogens. Infectious Diseases in an Age of Change reports on major infectious diseases that are on the rise today because of changing conditions and identifies urgently needed public health measures. This volume looks at the range of factors that shape the epidemiology of infectious diseases—from government policies to economic trends to family practices. Describing clinical characteristics, transmission, and other aspects, the book addresses major infectious threats—sexually transmitted diseases, Lyme disease, human cytomegalovirus, diarrheal diseases, dengue fever, hepatitis viruses, HIV, and malaria. The authors also look at the rising threat of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, rapid exhaustion of the weapons to fight bacterial infections, and prospects for vaccinations and eradication of pathogens. Infectious Diseases in an Age of Change will be important to public health policymakers, administrators, and providers as well as epidemiologists and researchers. ER -