%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Baker, Arielle L. %E Thomas, Jeena M. %E Saunders, Jennifer E. %T Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Prevent and Address Sexual Harassment: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-08769-8 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26279/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-prevent-and-address-sexual-harassment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26279/evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-interventions-to-prevent-and-address-sexual-harassment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 134 %X Rising awareness of and increased attention to sexual harassment has resulted in momentum to implement sexual harassment prevention efforts in higher education institutions. Work on preventing sexual harassment is an area that has recently garnered a lot of attention, especially around education and programs that go beyond the standard anti-sexual harassment trainings often used to comply with legal requirements. On April 20-21, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the workshop Developing Evaluation Metrics for Sexual Harassment Prevention Efforts. The workshop explored approaches and strategies for evaluating and measuring the effectiveness of sexual harassment interventions being implemented at higher education institutions and research and training sites, in order to assist institutions in transforming promising ideas into evidence-based best practices. Workshop participants also addressed methods, metrics, and measures that could be used to evaluate sexual harassment prevention efforts that lead to change in the organizational climate and culture and/or a change in behavior among community members. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %T Preparing for the 21st Century: Challenges Facing a Changing Society %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9534/preparing-for-the-21st-century-challenges-facing-a-changing-society %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9534/preparing-for-the-21st-century-challenges-facing-a-changing-society %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 12 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Role of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships in the Future of USAID %@ 978-0-309-45244-1 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24617/the-role-of-science-technology-innovation-and-partnerships-in-the-future-of-usaid %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24617/the-role-of-science-technology-innovation-and-partnerships-in-the-future-of-usaid %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 211 %X The United States has long recognized that the nation's prosperity and security depend on how we address challenges of disasters, poverty, famine, and disease around the world. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has played a vital role in promoting U.S. national and international interests by advancing strategies for employing science, technology, and innovation to respond to global challenges. The focus by USAID on science, technology, and innovation is critical to improve development outcomes. At the core of this progress is the engagement of science institutions and other innovative enterprises and their commitment to work in partnership with USAID to research, test, and scale solutions. The Role of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships in the Future of USAID provides an assessment and advice on the current and future role for science, technology, and innovation in assistance programs at USAID and on the role of partnerships in the public and private sectors to expand impact. This report examines challenges and opportunities for USAID in expanding the utilization of science, technology, and innovation in development assistance; assesses how USAID has deployed science, technology, and innovation; and recommends priority areas for improvement going forward in partnership with others. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %E Olson, Steve %T The Science of Science Communication III: Inspiring Novel Collaborations and Building Capacity: Proceedings of a Colloquium %@ 978-0-309-46858-9 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24958/the-science-of-science-communication-iii-inspiring-novel-collaborations-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24958/the-science-of-science-communication-iii-inspiring-novel-collaborations-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 118 %X Successful scientists must be effective communicators within their professions. Without those skills, they could not write papers and funding proposals, give talks and field questions, or teach classes and mentor students. However, communicating with audiences outside their profession - people who may not share scientists' interests, technical background, cultural assumptions, and modes of expression - presents different challenges and requires additional skills. Communication about science in political or social settings differs from discourse within a scientific discipline. Not only are scientists just one of many stakeholders vying for access to the public agenda, but the political debates surrounding science and its applications may sometimes confront scientists with unfamiliar and uncomfortable discussions involving religious values, partisan interests, and even the trustworthiness of science. The Science of Science Communication III: Inspiring Novel Collaborations and Building Capacity summarizes the presentations and discussions from a Sackler Colloquium convened in November 2017. This event used Communicating Science Effectively as a framework for examining how one might apply its lessons to research and practice. It considered opportunities for creating and applying the science along with the barriers to doing so, such as the incentive systems in academic institutions and the perils of communicating science in polarized environments. Special attention was given to the organization and infrastructure necessary for building capacity in science communication. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Colwell, Rita %E Bear, Ashley %E Helman, Alex %T Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Opening Doors %@ 978-0-309-49824-1 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25585/promising-practices-for-addressing-the-underrepresentation-of-women-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25585/promising-practices-for-addressing-the-underrepresentation-of-women-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 234 %X Careers in science, engineering, and medicine offer opportunities to advance knowledge, contribute to the well-being of communities, and support the security, prosperity, and health of the United States. But many women do not pursue or persist in these careers, or advance to leadership positions - not because they lack the talent or aspirations, but because they face barriers, including: implicit and explicit bias; sexual harassment; unequal access to funding and resources; pay inequity; higher teaching and advising loads; and fewer speaking invitations, among others. There are consequences from this underrepresentation of women for the nation as well: a labor shortage in many science, engineering, and medical professions that cannot be filled unless institutions and organizations recruit from a broad and diverse talent pool; lost opportunities for innovation and economic gain; and lost talent as a result of discrimination, unconscious bias, and sexual harassment. Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine reviews and synthesizes existing research on policies, practices, programs, and other interventions for improving the recruitment, retention, and sustained advancement into leadership roles of women in these disciplines. This report makes actionable recommendations to leverage change and drive swift, coordinated improvements to the systems of education, research, and employment in order to improve both the representation and leadership of women. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Research Council %T National Issues in Science and Technology 1993 %@ 978-0-309-04882-8 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2096/national-issues-in-science-and-technology-1993 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2096/national-issues-in-science-and-technology-1993 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 96 %X This volume consists of four "white papers," prepared for the Clinton administration as it took office, on important national policy issues in which science and technology play a central role. Topics covered are science and technology leadership, climate change policy, technology policy and industrial innovation, and health care reform. Also included are brief summaries of ten potentially high impact reports issued by various committees of the National Research Council. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Colwell, Rita %E Bear, Ashley %E Helman, Alex %T Pratiques prometteuses pour remédier à la sous-représentation des femmes dans les domaines des sciences, de l'ingénierie et de la médecine: Ouvrir les portes %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27052/pratiques-prometteuses-pour-remdier-la-sous-reprsentation-des-femmes-dans-les-domaines-des-sciences-de-lingnierie-et-de-la-mdecine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27052/pratiques-prometteuses-pour-remdier-la-sous-reprsentation-des-femmes-dans-les-domaines-des-sciences-de-lingnierie-et-de-la-mdecine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 336 %0 Book %T Collaborations of Consequence: NAKFI's 15 Years Igniting Innovation at the Intersections of Disciplines %@ 978-0-309-48365-0 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25239/collaborations-of-consequence-nakfis-15-years-igniting-innovation-at-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25239/collaborations-of-consequence-nakfis-15-years-igniting-innovation-at-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 440 %X This publication represents the culmination of the National Academies Keck Futures Initiative (NAKFI), a program of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the National Academy of Medicine supported by a 15-year, $40 million grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation to advance the future of science through interdisciplinary research. From 2003 to 2017, more than 2,000 researchers and other professionals across disciplines and sectors attended an annual “think-tank” style conference to contemplate real-world challenges. Seed grants awarded to conference participants enabled further pursuit of bold, new research and ideas generated at the conference. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Wellford, Charles F. %E Chemers, Betty M. %E Schuck, Julie A. %T Strengthening the National Institute of Justice %@ 978-0-309-15635-6 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12929/strengthening-the-national-institute-of-justice %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12929/strengthening-the-national-institute-of-justice %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 334 %X The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the nation's primary resource for advancing scientific research, development, and evaluation on crime and crime control and the administration of justice in the United States. Headed by a presidentially appointed director, it is one of the major units in the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) of the U.S. Department of Justice. Under its authorizing legislation, NIJ awards grants and contracts to a variety of public and private organizations and individuals. At the request of NIJ, Strengthening the National Institute of Justice assesses the operations and quality of the full range of its programs. These include social science research, science and technology research and development, capacity building, and technology assistance. The book concludes that a federal research institute such as NIJ is vital to the nation's continuing efforts to control crime and administer justice. No other federal, state, local, or private organization can do what NIJ was created to do. Forty years ago, Congress envisioned a science agency dedicated to building knowledge to support crime prevention and control by developing a wide range of techniques for dealing with individual offenders, identifying injustices and biases in the administration of justice, and supporting more basic and operational research on crime and the criminal justice system and the involvement of the community in crime control efforts. As the embodiment of that vision, NIJ has accomplished a great deal. It has succeeded in developing a body of knowledge on such important topics as hot spots policing, violence against women, the role of firearms and drugs in crime, drug courts, and forensic DNA analysis. It has helped build the crime and justice research infrastructure. It has also widely disseminated the results of its research programs to help guide practice and policy. But its efforts have been severely hampered by a lack of independence, authority, and discretionary resources to carry out its mission. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Strengthening Equitable Community Resilience: Criteria and Guiding Principles for the Gulf Research Program's Enhancing Community Resilience (EnCoRe) Initiative %@ 978-0-309-70005-4 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26880/strengthening-equitable-community-resilience-criteria-and-guiding-principles-for-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26880/strengthening-equitable-community-resilience-criteria-and-guiding-principles-for-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 104 %X The Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has developed a program to strengthen community resilience, the Enhancing Community Resilience (EnCoRe) initiative. EnCoRe aims to reduce inequities in health and community resilience; advance research and practice in health and community resilience; and build the capacity of communities for addressing the impacts of climate change and disasters on at-risk populations. To achieve these goals, EnCoRe will support long-term, multiyear community engagement projects that partner directly with select communities across the Gulf region and Alaska. This report develops findings and recommendations intended to help guide EnCoRe in identifying, selecting, and engaging with communities as it moves forward with the initiative. Strengthening Equitable Community Resilience examines past and current community engagement efforts and other relevant materials, particularly those that have included communities in the Gulf region and Alaska, for the purpose of identifying guiding principles and lessons learned and then develops a set of guiding principles to identify criteria for selecting the participating communities in the EnCoRe program. %0 Book %T Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative %@ 978-0-309-26150-0 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13457/disaster-resilience-a-national-imperative %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13457/disaster-resilience-a-national-imperative %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 260 %X No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience—the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence: Third Edition %@ 978-0-309-21421-6 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13163/reference-manual-on-scientific-evidence-third-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13163/reference-manual-on-scientific-evidence-third-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 1034 %X The Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, Third Edition, assists judges in managing cases involving complex scientific and technical evidence by describing the basic tenets of key scientific fields from which legal evidence is typically derived and by providing examples of cases in which that evidence has been used. First published in 1994 by the Federal Judicial Center, the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence has been relied upon in the legal and academic communities and is often cited by various courts and others. Judges faced with disputes over the admissibility of scientific and technical evidence refer to the manual to help them better understand and evaluate the relevance, reliability and usefulness of the evidence being proffered. The manual is not intended to tell judges what is good science and what is not. Instead, it serves to help judges identify issues on which experts are likely to differ and to guide the inquiry of the court in seeking an informed resolution of the conflict. The core of the manual consists of a series of chapters (reference guides) on various scientific topics, each authored by an expert in that field. The topics have been chosen by an oversight committee because of their complexity and frequency in litigation. Each chapter is intended to provide a general overview of the topic in lay terms, identifying issues that will be useful to judges and others in the legal profession. They are written for a non-technical audience and are not intended as exhaustive presentations of the topic. Rather, the chapters seek to provide judges with the basic information in an area of science, to allow them to have an informed conversation with the experts and attorneys. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Johnson, Paula A. %E Widnall, Sheila E. %E Benya, Frazier F. %T Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %@ 978-0-309-47087-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24994/sexual-harassment-of-women-climate-culture-and-consequences-in-academic %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24994/sexual-harassment-of-women-climate-culture-and-consequences-in-academic %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 312 %X Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Johnson, Paula A. %E Widnall, Sheila E. %E Benya, Frazier F. %T Harcèlement sexuel des femmes: Climat, culture et conséquences dans les filières universitaires de sciences, d'ingénierie et de médecine %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26081/harclement-sexuel-des-femmes-climat-culture-et-consquences-dans-les %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26081/harclement-sexuel-des-femmes-climat-culture-et-consquences-dans-les %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 324 %X Over the last few decades, research, activity, and funding has been devoted to improving the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine. In recent years the diversity of those participating in these fields, particularly the participation of women, has improved and there are significantly more women entering careers and studying science, engineering, and medicine than ever before. However, as women increasingly enter these fields they face biases and barriers and it is not surprising that sexual harassment is one of these barriers. Over thirty years the incidence of sexual harassment in different industries has held steady, yet now more women are in the workforce and in academia, and in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine (as students and faculty) and so more women are experiencing sexual harassment as they work and learn. Over the last several years, revelations of the sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace and in academic settings have raised urgent questions about the specific impact of this discriminatory behavior on women and the extent to which it is limiting their careers. Sexual Harassment of Women explores the influence of sexual harassment in academia on the career advancement of women in the scientific, technical, and medical workforce. This report reviews the research on the extent to which women in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine are victimized by sexual harassment and examines the existing information on the extent to which sexual harassment in academia negatively impacts the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women pursuing scientific, engineering, technical, and medical careers. It also identifies and analyzes the policies, strategies and practices that have been the most successful in preventing and addressing sexual harassment in these settings.