@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "G. D. O'Kelley", title = "Detection and Measurement of Nuclear Radiation", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18670/detection-and-measurement-of-nuclear-radiation", year = 1962, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Assessing the Value of Research in the Chemical Sciences", isbn = "978-0-309-06139-1", abstract = "This book captures the messages from a workshop that brought together research managers from government, industry, and academia to review and discuss the mechanisms that have been proposed or used to assess the value of chemical research.\nThe workshop focused on the assessment procedures that have been or will be established within the various organizations that carry out or fund research activities, with particular attention to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). The book presents approaches and ideas from leaders in each area that were intended to identify new and useful ways of assessing the value and potential impact of research activities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6200/assessing-the-value-of-research-in-the-chemical-sciences", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Reducing the Time from Basic Research to Innovation in the Chemical Sciences: A Workshop Report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable", isbn = "978-0-309-08734-6", abstract = "Innovation, the process by which fundamental research becomes a commercial product, is increasingly important in the chemical sciences and is changing the nature of research and development efforts in the United States. The workshop was held in response to requests to speed the R&D process and to rapidly evolve the patterns of interaction among industry, academe, and national laboratories. The report contains the authors' written version of the workshop presentations along with audience reaction.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10676/reducing-the-time-from-basic-research-to-innovation-in-the-chemical-sciences", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Revealing the Hidden Nature of Space and Time: Charting the Course for Elementary Particle Physics", isbn = "978-0-309-10194-3", abstract = "As part of the Physics 2010 decadal survey project, the National Research Council was asked by the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation to recommend priorities for the U.S. particle physics program for the next 15 years. The challenge faced in this study was to identify a compelling leadership role for the United States in elementary particle physics given the global nature of the field and the current lack of a long-term and distinguishing strategic focus. Revealing the Hidden Nature of Space and Time provides an assessment of the scientific challenges in particle physics, including the key questions and experimental opportunities, the current status of the U.S. program and the strategic framework in which it sits and a set of strategic principles and recommendations to sustain a competitive and globally relevant U.S. particle physics program.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11641/revealing-the-hidden-nature-of-space-and-time-charting-the", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "George C. Pimentel and Janice A. Coonrod", title = "Opportunities in Chemistry: Today and Tomorrow", isbn = "978-0-309-03742-6", abstract = "Experts agree that the nation would benefit if more young people \"turned on\" to the sciences. This book is designed as a tool to do just that. It is based on Opportunities in Chemistry, a National Research Council publication that incorporated the contributions of 350 researchers working at the frontiers of the field. Chemistry educators Janice A. Coonrod and the late George C. Pimentel revised the material to capture the interest of today's student.\nA broad and highly readable survey, the volume explores:\n\n The role of chemistry in attacking major problems in environmental quality, food production, energy, health, and other important areas.\n Opportunities at the leading edge of chemistry, in controlling basic chemical reactions and working at the molecular level.\n Working with lasers, molecular beams, and other sophisticated measurement techniques and tools available to chemistry researchers.\n\nThe book concludes with a discussion of chemistry's role in society's risk-benefit decisions and a review of career and educational opportunities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1884/opportunities-in-chemistry-today-and-tomorrow", year = 1987, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics", abstract = "The goals of atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO physics) are to elucidate the fundamental laws of physics, to understand the structure of matter and how matter evolves at the atomic and molecular levels, to understand light in all its manifestations, and to create new techniques and devices. AMO physics provides theoretical and experimental methods and essential data to neighboring areas of science such as chemistry, astrophysics, condensed-matter physics, plasma physics, surface science, biology, and medicine. It contributes to the national security system and to the nation's programs in fusion, directed energy, and materials research. Lasers and advanced technologies such as optical processing and laser isotope separation have been made possible by discoveries in AMO physics, and the research underlies new industries such as fiber-optics communications and laser-assisted manufacturing. These developments are expected to help the nation to maintain its industrial competitiveness and its military strength in the years to come. This report describes the field, characterizes recent advances, and identifies current frontiers of research.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/627/atomic-molecular-and-optical-physics", year = 1986, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Large-Scale Structures in Acoustics and Electromagnetics: Proceedings of a Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-05337-2", abstract = "This book focuses on computational methods to determine the dynamics of large-scale electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical systems, including those with many substructures and characterized by an extended range of scales. Examples include large naval and maritime vessels, aerospace vehicles, and densely packed microelectronic and optical integrated circuits (VLSI). The interplay of time and frequency-domain computational and experimental procedures was addressed, emphasizing their relationship and synergy, and indicating mathematics research opportunities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5019/large-scale-structures-in-acoustics-and-electromagnetics-proceedings-of-a", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Arthur L. Schawlow", title = "Lasers and Their Uses", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18699/lasers-and-their-uses", year = 1983, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Fueling Innovation and Discovery: The Mathematical Sciences in the 21st Century", isbn = "978-0-309-25473-1", abstract = "The mathematical sciences are part of everyday life. Modern communication, transportation, science, engineering, technology, medicine, manufacturing, security, and finance all depend on the mathematical sciences. Fueling Innovation and Discovery describes recent advances in the mathematical sciences and advances enabled by mathematical sciences research. It is geared toward general readers who would like to know more about ongoing advances in the mathematical sciences and how these advances are changing our understanding of the world, creating new technologies, and transforming industries.\nAlthough the mathematical sciences are pervasive, they are often invoked without an explicit awareness of their presence. Prepared as part of the study on the Mathematical Sciences in 2025, a broad assessment of the current state of the mathematical sciences in the United States, Fueling Innovation and Discovery presents mathematical sciences advances in an engaging way. The report describes the contributions that mathematical sciences research has made to advance our understanding of the universe and the human genome. It also explores how the mathematical sciences are contributing to healthcare and national security, and the importance of mathematical knowledge and training to a range of industries, such as information technology and entertainment. \nFueling Innovation and Discovery will be of use to policy makers, researchers, business leaders, students, and others interested in learning more about the deep connections between the mathematical sciences and every other aspect of the modern world. To function well in a technologically advanced society, every educated person should be familiar with multiple aspects of the mathematical sciences.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13373/fueling-innovation-and-discovery-the-mathematical-sciences-in-the-21st", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Beginning a Dialogue on the Changing Environment for the Physical and Mathematical Sciences: Report of a Conference", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9109/beginning-a-dialogue-on-the-changing-environment-for-the-physical-and-mathematical-sciences", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Strengthening the Linkages Between the Sciences and the Mathematical Sciences", isbn = "978-0-309-06947-2", abstract = "Over three hundred years ago, Galileo is reported to have said, \"The laws of nature are written in the language of mathematics.\" Often mathematics and science go hand in hand, with one helping develop and improve the other. Discoveries in science, for example, open up new advances in statistics, computer science, operations research, and pure and applied mathematics which in turn enabled new practical technologies and advanced entirely new frontiers of science. Despite the interdependency that exists between these two disciplines, cooperation and collaboration between mathematical scientists and scientists have only occurred by chance.\nTo encourage new collaboration between the mathematical sciences and other fields and to sustain present collaboration, the National Research Council (NRC) formed a committee representing a broad cross-section of scientists from academia, federal government laboratories, and industry. The goal of the committee was to examine the mechanisms for strengthening interdisciplinary research between mathematical sciences and the sciences, with a strong focus on suggesting the most effective mechanisms of collaboration. Strengthening the Linkages Between the Sciences and the Mathematical Sciences provides the findings and recommendations of the committee as well as case studies of cross-discipline collaboration, the workshop agenda, and federal agencies that provide funding for such collaboration.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9813/strengthening-the-linkages-between-the-sciences-and-the-mathematical-sciences", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Materials Science and Technology: Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century", isbn = "978-0-309-08512-0", abstract = "The report assesses the current state of chemistry and chemical engineering at the interface with materials science and identifies challenges for research. Recent advances are blurring the distinction between chemistry and materials science and are enabling the creation of new materials that, to date, have only been predicted by theory. These advances include a greater ability to construct materials from molecular components, to design materials for a desired function, to understand molecular \"self-assembly, and to improve processes by which the material is \"engineered\" into the final product.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10694/materials-science-and-technology-challenges-for-the-chemical-sciences-in", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Plasmas and Fluids", isbn = "978-0-309-03548-4", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/632/plasmas-and-fluids", year = 1986, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Energy Use: The Human Dimension", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9259/energy-use-the-human-dimension", year = 1984, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Developing a 21st Century Global Library for Mathematics Research", isbn = "978-0-309-29848-3", abstract = "Like most areas of scholarship, mathematics is a cumulative discipline: new research is reliant on well-organized and well-curated literature. Because of the precise definitions and structures within mathematics, today's information technologies and machine learning tools provide an opportunity to further organize and enhance discoverability of the mathematics literature in new ways, with the potential to significantly facilitate mathematics research and learning. Opportunities exist to enhance discoverability directly via new technologies and also by using technology to capture important interactions between mathematicians and the literature for later sharing and reuse.\nDeveloping a 21st Century Global Library for Mathematics Research discusses how information about what the mathematical literature contains can be formalized and made easier to express, encode, and explore. Many of the tools necessary to make this information system a reality will require much more than indexing and will instead depend on community input paired with machine learning, where mathematicians' expertise can fill the gaps of automatization. This report proposes the establishment of an organization; the development of a set of platforms, tools, and services; the deployment of an ongoing applied research program to complement the development work; and the mobilization and coordination of the mathematical community to take the first steps toward these capabilities. The report recommends building on the extensive work done by many dedicated individuals under the rubric of the World Digital Mathematical Library, as well as many other community initiatives. Developing a 21st Century Global Library for Mathematics envisions a combination of machine learning methods and community-based editorial effort that makes a significantly greater portion of the information and knowledge in the global mathematical corpus available to researchers as linked open data through a central organizational entity-referred to in the report as the Digital Mathematics Library. This report describes how such a library might operate - discussing development and research needs, role in facilitating discover and interaction, and establishing partnerships with publishers. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18619/developing-a-21st-century-global-library-for-mathematics-research", year = 2014, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Tina Masciangioli", title = "Chemistry in Primetime and Online: Communicating Chemistry in Informal Environments: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-18770-1", abstract = "It is critical that we increase public knowledge and understanding of science and technology issues through formal and informal learning for the United States to maintain its competitive edge in today's global economy. Since most Americans learn about science outside of school, we must take advantage of opportunities to present chemistry content on television, the Internet, in museums, and in other informal educational settings.\nIn May 2010, the National Academies' Chemical Sciences Roundtable held a workshop to examine how the public obtains scientific information informally and to discuss methods that chemists can use to improve and expand efforts to reach a general, nontechnical audience. Workshop participants included chemical practitioners (e.g., graduate students, postdocs, professors, administrators); experts on informal learning; public and private funding organizations; science writers, bloggers, publishers, and university communications officers; and television and Internet content producers. Chemistry in Primetime and Online is a factual summary of what occurred in that workshop.\nChemistry in Primetime and Online examines science content, especially chemistry, in various informal educational settings. It explores means of measuring recognition and retention of the information presented in various media formats and settings. Although the report does not provide any conclusions or recommendations about needs and future directions, it does discuss the need for chemists to connect more with professional writers, artists, or videographers, who know how to communicate with and interest general audiences. It also emphasizes the importance of formal education in setting the stage for informal interactions with chemistry and chemists.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13106/chemistry-in-primetime-and-online-communicating-chemistry-in-informal-environments", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon: Technical Challenges, Regulatory Issues, and Recommendations", isbn = "978-0-309-08867-1", abstract = "In 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the Pharmaceutical Quality for the 21st Century Initiative to encourage adoption of innovative technologies that would lead to an agile, flexible pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. The goal was to encourage a transition to manufacturing processes and approaches that could produce high-quality drugs reliably without extensive regulatory oversight. Much progress has been made toward that goal as the industry has developed and advanced new technologies, but more progress is required as recent natural disasters and the coronavirus pandemic have revealed vulnerabilities in supply chains and highlighted the need to modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing further.\nAt the request of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon identifies emerging technologies - such as product technologies, manufacturing processes, control and testing strategies, and platform technologies - that have the potential to advance pharmaceutical quality and modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing for products regulated by CDER. This report describes many innovations to modernize the manufacture of drug substances and drug products, to advance new control approaches, and to develop integrated, flexible, and distributed manufacturing networks within 5-10 years. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26009/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-on-the-horizon-technical-challenges-regulatory", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Carbon Management: Implications for R&D in the Chemical Sciences and Technology", isbn = "978-0-309-07573-2", abstract = "Considerable international concerns exist about global climate change and its relationship to the growing use of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide is released by chemical reactions that are employed to extract energy from fuels, and any regulatory policy limiting the amount of CO2 that could be released from sequestered sources or from energy-generating reactions will require substantial involvement of the chemical sciences and technology R&D community.\nMuch of the public debate has been focused on the question of whether global climate change is occurring and, if so, whether it is anthropogenic, but these questions were outside the scope of the workshop, which instead focused on the question of how to respond to a possible national policy of carbon management. Previous discussion of the latter topic has focused on technological, economic, and ecological aspects and on earth science challenges, but the fundamental science has received little attention. This workshop was designed to gather information that could inform the Chemical Sciences Roundtable in its discussions of possible roles that the chemical sciences community might play in identifying and addressing underlying chemical questions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10153/carbon-management-implications-for-rd-in-the-chemical-sciences-and", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Jeremy Bernstein", title = "Plutonium: A History of the World's Most Dangerous Element", abstract = "When plutonium was first manufactured at Berkeley in the spring of 1941, there was so little of it that it was not visible to the naked eye. It took a year to accumulate enough so that one could actually see it. Now there is so much that we don\u2019t know what to do to get rid of it. We have created a monster.\n\nThe history of plutonium is as strange as the element itself. When scientists began looking for it, they did so simply in the spirit of inquiry, not certain whether there were still spots to fill on the periodic table. But the discovery of fission made it clear that this still-hypothetical element would be more than just a scientific curiosity\u2014it could be a powerful nuclear weapon. \n\nAs it turned out, it is good for almost nothing else. Plutonium\u2019s nuclear potential put it at the heart of the World War II arms race\u2014the Russians found out about it through espionage, the Germans through independent research, and everybody wanted some. Now, nearly everyone has some\u2014the United States alone has about 47 metric tons\u2014but it has almost no uses besides warmongering. How did the product of scientific curiosity become such a dangerous burden?\n\nIn his new history of this complex and dangerous element, noted physicist Jeremy Bernstein describes the steps that were taken to transform plutonium from a laboratory novelty into the nuclear weapon that destroyed Nagasaki. This is the first book to weave together the many strands of plutonium\u2019s story, explaining not only the science but the people involved.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11734/plutonium-a-history-of-the-worlds-most-dangerous-element", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Record Linkage Techniques -- 1997: Proceedings of an International Workshop and Exposition", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6491/record-linkage-techniques-1997-proceedings-of-an-international-workshop-and", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }