TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anne Frances Johnson TI - Frontiers in Thermal Transport and Energy Conversion: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25549 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25549/frontiers-in-thermal-transport-and-energy-conversion-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - Thermal transport and energy conversion has remained an active field for at least 200 years, with numerous opportunities for discoveries and new applications. Recently, experiments have advanced researchers' understanding of basic physics, and how new discoveries might translate into applications in energy, materials, quantum technologies, and other areas. The National Academies convened a workshop on April 11, 2019 to identify and assess the frontier of current research in the field of thermal transport and energy conversion. Discussions involved topics related to thermal transport and quasi-particle hydrodynamics, thermal transport beyond the quasiparticle paradigm, the thermal hall effect from neutral spin excitations in frustrated quantum magnets, quantization of the thermal hall conductivity at small hall angles, and thermal spin transport, including spin-seebeck and magnon drag effects. These topics were strategically selected with the goal of uncovering key challenges, opportunities, and issues in order to guide future efforts and investments to advance the field. This publication offers a condensed summary of the discussions and presentations from the workshop, which was unclassified and open to the public. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Research Council TI - The Carbon Dioxide Dilemma: Promising Technologies and Policies SN - DO - 10.17226/10798 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10798/the-carbon-dioxide-dilemma-promising-technologies-and-policies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - Growing concerns about climate change partly as a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions has prompted the research community to assess technologies and policies for sequestration. This report contains presentations of a symposium held in April of 2002. The sequestration options range form ocean disposal, terrestrial disposal in geologic formations, biomass based approaches and carbon trading schemes. The report also presents current efforts at enhanced oil recovery using carbon dioxide and demonstrating its utility. The volume is intended only as introduction to the subject and not the final word. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Foundational Research Gaps and Future Directions for Digital Twins SN - DO - 10.17226/26894 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26894/foundational-research-gaps-and-future-directions-for-digital-twins PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - Across multiple domains of science, engineering, and medicine, excitement is growing about the potential of digital twins to transform scientific research, industrial practices, and many aspects of daily life. A digital twin couples computational models with a physical counterpart to create a system that is dynamically updated through bidirectional data flows as conditions change. Going beyond traditional simulation and modeling, digital twins could enable improved medical decision-making at the individual patient level, predictions of future weather and climate conditions over longer timescales, and safer, more efficient engineering processes. However, many challenges remain before these applications can be realized. This report identifies the foundational research and resources needed to support the development of digital twin technologies. The report presents critical future research priorities and an interdisciplinary research agenda for the field, including how federal agencies and researchers across domains can best collaborate. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26927 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26927/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-engineering-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The digital twin is an emerging technology that builds on the convergence of computer science, mathematics, engineering, and the life sciences. Digital twins have potential across engineering domains, from aeronautics to renewable energy. On February 7 and 9, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public, virtual workshop to discuss characterizations of digital twins within the context of engineering and to identify methods for their development and use. Panelists highlighted key technical challenges and opportunities across use cases, as well as areas ripe for research and development and investment. The third in a three-part series, this evidence-gathering workshop will inform a National Academies consensus study on research gaps and future directions to advance the mathematical, statistical, and computational foundations of digital twins in applications across science, medicine, engineering, and society. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Atmospheric and Climate Sciences: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26921 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26921/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-atmospheric-and-climate-sciences PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The digital twin is an emerging technology that builds on the convergence of computer science, mathematics, engineering, and the life sciences. Digital twins have the potential to revolutionize atmospheric and climate sciences in particular, as they could be used, for example, to create global-scale interactive models of Earth to predict future weather and climate conditions over longer timescales. On February 1-2, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public, virtual workshop to discuss characterizations of digital twins within the context of atmospheric, climate, and sustainability sciences and to identify methods for their development and use. Workshop panelists presented varied definitions and taxonomies of digital twins and highlighted key challenges as well as opportunities to translate promising practices to other fields. The second in a three-part series, this evidence-gathering workshop will inform a National Academies consensus study on research gaps and future directions to advance the mathematical, statistical, and computational foundations of digital twins in applications across science, medicine, engineering, and society. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation: America's Science and Technology Talent at the Crossroads SN - DO - 10.17226/12984 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12984/expanding-underrepresented-minority-participation-americas-science-and-technology-talent-at PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Industry and Labor AB - In order for the United States to maintain the global leadership and competitiveness in science and technology that are critical to achieving national goals, we must invest in research, encourage innovation, and grow a strong and talented science and technology workforce. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation explores the role of diversity in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce and its value in keeping America innovative and competitive. According to the book, the U.S. labor market is projected to grow faster in science and engineering than in any other sector in the coming years, making minority participation in STEM education at all levels a national priority. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation analyzes the rate of change and the challenges the nation currently faces in developing a strong and diverse workforce. Although minorities are the fastest growing segment of the population, they are underrepresented in the fields of science and engineering. Historically, there has been a strong connection between increasing educational attainment in the United States and the growth in and global leadership of the economy. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation suggests that the federal government, industry, and post-secondary institutions work collaboratively with K-12 schools and school systems to increase minority access to and demand for post-secondary STEM education and technical training. The book also identifies best practices and offers a comprehensive road map for increasing involvement of underrepresented minorities and improving the quality of their education. It offers recommendations that focus on academic and social support, institutional roles, teacher preparation, affordability and program development. ER -