%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Mowery, David C. %T U.S. Industry in 2000: Studies in Competitive Performance %@ 978-0-309-06179-7 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6313/us-industry-in-2000-studies-in-competitive-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6313/us-industry-in-2000-studies-in-competitive-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 424 %X U.S. industry faced a gloomy outlook in the late 1980s. Then, industrial performance improved dramatically through the 1990s and appears pervasively brighter today. A look at any group of industries, however, reveals important differences in the factors behind the resurgence—in industry structure and strategy, research performance, and location of activities—as well as similarities in the national policy environment, impact of information technology, and other factors. U.S. Industry in 2000 examines eleven key manufacturing and service industries and explores how they arrived at the present and what they face in the future. It assesses changing practices in research and innovation, technology adoption, and international operations. Industry analyses shed light on how science and technology are applied in the marketplace, how workers fare as jobs require greater knowledge, and how U.S. firms responded to their chief competitors in Europe and Asia. The book will be important to a wide range of readers with a stake in U.S. industrial performance: corporate executives, investors, labor representatives, faculty and students in business and economics, and public policymakers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Wessner, Charles W. %T The Small Business Innovation Research Program: Challenges and Opportunities %@ 978-0-309-06198-8 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9701/the-small-business-innovation-research-program-challenges-and-opportunities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9701/the-small-business-innovation-research-program-challenges-and-opportunities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 186 %X Small businesses have increasingly been recognized as a source of innovation, and one way in which the Federal government encourages such innovation is through the Small Business Innovation Research program. SBIR sets aside 2.5 percent of federal agencies' R&D budgets for R&D grants to small business. Although the program's budget was nearly $1.2 billion in 1998, SBIR has been subject to relatively little outside review. As part of the STEP's ongoing project on Government-Industry Partnerships, the Board convened policymakers, academic researchers, and representatives from small business to discuss the program's history and rationale, review existing research, and identify areas for further research and program improvements. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Report, Workshop Summary, and Workshop Papers %@ 978-0-309-06397-5 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6431/work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders-report-workshop-summary-and-workshop-papers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6431/work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders-report-workshop-summary-and-workshop-papers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 240 %X Estimated costs associated with lost days and compensation claims related to musculoskeletal disorders—including back pains and repetitive motion injuries—range from $13 billion to $20 billion annually. This is a serious national problem that has spurred considerable debate about the causal links between such disorders and risk factors in the workplace. This book presents a preliminary assessment of what is known about the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and what may cause them. It includes papers and a workshop summary of findings from orthopedic surgery, public health, occupational medicine, epidemiology, risk analysis, ergonomics, and human factors. Topics covered include the biological responses of tissues to stress, the biomechanics of work stressors, the epidemiology of physical work factors, and the contributions of individual, recreational, and social factors to such disorders. The book also considers the relative success of various workplace interventions for prevention and rehabilitation.