%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Wartella, Ellen A. %E Lichtenstein, Alice H. %E Yaktine, Ann %E Nathan, Romy %T Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols: Promoting Healthier Choices %@ 978-0-309-21823-8 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13221/front-of-package-nutrition-rating-systems-and-symbols-promoting-healthier %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13221/front-of-package-nutrition-rating-systems-and-symbols-promoting-healthier %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 180 %X During the past decade, tremendous growth has occurred in the use of nutrition symbols and rating systems designed to summarize key nutritional aspects and characteristics of food products. These symbols and the systems that underlie them have become known as front-of-package (FOP) nutrition rating systems and symbols, even though the symbols themselves can be found anywhere on the front of a food package or on a retail shelf tag. Though not regulated and inconsistent in format, content, and criteria, FOP systems and symbols have the potential to provide useful guidance to consumers as well as maximize effectiveness. As a result, Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to undertake a study with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to examine and provide recommendations regarding FOP nutrition rating systems and symbols. The study was completed in two phases. Phase I focused primarily on the nutrition criteria underlying FOP systems. Phase II builds on the results of Phase I while focusing on aspects related to consumer understanding and behavior related to the development of a standardized FOP system. Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols focuses on Phase II of the study. The report addresses the potential benefits of a single, standardized front-label food guidance system regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, assesses which icons are most effective with consumer audiences, and considers the systems/icons that best promote health and how to maximize their use. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %E Yaktine, Ann %E Moats, Sheila %T Research Methods to Assess Dietary Intake and Program Participation in Child Day Care: Application to the Child and Adult Care Food Program: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-25731-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13411/research-methods-to-assess-dietary-intake-and-program-participation-in-child-day-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13411/research-methods-to-assess-dietary-intake-and-program-participation-in-child-day-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 106 %X More than 16 million children in the United States live in food-insecure households where they are unable to obtain enough food to meet their needs. At the same time, a growing number of children are overweight or obese. Because of these challenges, improving child nutrition has emerged as one of the nation's most urgent public health needs. The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) food program, served about 3.3 million children in 2011, as well as more than 124,000 adults who require daily supervision or assistance. Since many children rely on CACFP for the majority of their daily food, the quality of foods provided has the potential to greatly improve the health of the children's diets. The USDA asked the IOM to review and recommend improvements, as necessary, to the CACFP meal requirements in order to keep them aligned with other federally funded food assistance programs and with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The 2011 IOM report, Child and Adult Care Food Program Aligning Dietary Guidance for All, reviewed the program in detail and provided recommendations for improvement. In February 2012, at the request of the USDA, the IOM conducted an additional workshop to examine research methods and approaches that could be used to design and conduct a nationally representative study assessing children's dietary intake and participation rates in child care facilities, including CACFP-sponsored child care centers and homes. Research Methods to Assess Dietary Intake and Program Participation in Child Day Care: Application to the Child and Adult Care Food Program Workshop Summary is the report that summarizes the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation %@ 978-0-309-22154-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13275/accelerating-progress-in-obesity-prevention-solving-the-weight-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13275/accelerating-progress-in-obesity-prevention-solving-the-weight-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 478 %X One-third of adults are now obese, and children's obesity rates have climbed from 5 to 17 percent in the past 30 years. The causes of the nation's obesity epidemic are multi-factorial, having much more to do with the absence of sidewalks and the limited availability of healthy and affordable foods than a lack of personal responsibility. The broad societal changes that are needed to prevent obesity will inevitably affect activity and eating environments and settings for all ages. Many aspects of the obesity problem have been identified and discussed; however, there has not been complete agreement on what needs to be done to accelerate progress. Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention reviews previous studies and their recommendations and presents five key recommendations to accelerate meaningful change on a societal level during the next decade. The report suggests recommendations and strategies that, independently, can accelerate progress, but urges a systems approach of many strategies working in concert to maximize progress in accelerating obesity prevention. The recommendations in Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention include major reforms in access to and opportunities for physical activity; widespread reductions in the availability of unhealthy foods and beverages and increases in access to healthier options at affordable, competitive prices; an overhaul of the messages that surround Americans through marketing and education with respect to physical activity and food consumption; expansion of the obesity prevention support structure provided by health care providers, insurers, and employers; and schools as a major national focal point for obesity prevention. The report calls on all individuals, organizations, agencies, and sectors that do or can influence physical activity and nutrition environments to assess and begin to act on their potential roles as leaders in obesity prevention. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Pate, Russell %E Oria, Maria %E Pillsbury, Laura %T Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth %@ 978-0-309-26284-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13483/fitness-measures-and-health-outcomes-in-youth %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13483/fitness-measures-and-health-outcomes-in-youth %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 274 %X Physical fitness affects our ability to function and be active. At poor levels, it is associated with such health outcomes as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical fitness testing in American youth was established on a large scale in the 1950s with an early focus on performance-related fitness that gradually gave way to an emphasis on health-related fitness. Using appropriately selected measures to collected fitness data in youth will advance our understanding of how fitness among youth translates into better health. In Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth, the IOM assesses the relationship between youth fitness test items and health outcomes, recommends the best fitness test items, provides guidance for interpreting fitness scores, and provides an agenda for needed research. The report concludes that selected cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal fitness, and body composition measures should be in fitness surveys and in schools. Collecting fitness data nationally and in schools helps with setting and achieving fitness goals and priorities for public health at an individual and national level. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Schirm, Allen L. %E Kirkendall, Nancy J. %T Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs %@ 978-0-309-25720-6 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13409/using-american-community-survey-data-to-expand-access-to-the-school-meals-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13409/using-american-community-survey-data-to-expand-access-to-the-school-meals-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Food and Nutrition %K Surveys and Statistics %P 406 %X The National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs, administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), are key components of the nation's food security safety net, providing free or low-cost meals to millions of schoolchildren each day. To qualify their children each year for free or reduced-price meals, many families must submit applications that school officials distribute and review. To reduce this burden on families and schools and to encourage more children to partake of nutritious meals, USDA regulations allow school districts to operate their meals programs under special provisions that eliminate the application process and other administrative procedures in exchange for providing free meals to all students enrolled in one or more school in a district. FNS asked the National Academies' Committee on National Statistics and Food and Nutrition Board to convene a panel of experts to investigate the technical and operational feasibility of using data from the continuous American Community Survey (ACS) to estimate students eligible for free and reduced-price meals for schools and school districts. The ACS eligibility estimates would be used to develop "claiming percentages" that, if sufficiently accurate, would determine the USDA reimbursements to districts for schools that provided free meals to all students under a new special provision that eliminated the ongoing base-year requirements of current provisions. Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Program was conducted in two phases. It first issued an interim report (National Research Council, 2010), describing its planned approach for assessing the utility of ACS-based estimates for a special provision to expand access to free school meals. This report is the final phase which presents the panel's findings and recommendations.