%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Callahan, Emily A. %T Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-67620-5 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25766/integrating-systems-and-sectors-toward-obesity-solutions-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25766/integrating-systems-and-sectors-toward-obesity-solutions-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 120 %X A virtual workshop titled Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions, held April 6, 2020 (Part I), and June 30, 2020 (Part II), was convened by the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The workshop introduced the concept of complex systems and the field of systems science, and explored systems science approaches to obesity solutions. Speakers provided an overview of systems science theories, approaches, and applications, highlighting examples from within and outside the obesity field. Presentations and discussions examined complex systems in society that have the potential to shape public health and well-being, and considered opportunities for systems change as they relate to obesity solutions. Specifically, the workshop explored factors that can influence obesity - such as (in)equity, relationships, connections, networks, capacity, power dynamics, social determinants, and political will - and how these factors can impact communications and cross-sector collaboration to address obesity. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Callahan, Emily A. %T Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25936/integrating-systems-and-sectors-toward-obesity-solutions-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25936/integrating-systems-and-sectors-toward-obesity-solutions-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 10 %X The Roundtable on Obesity Solutions of the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual public workshop, Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions, on April 6, 2020 (Part I), and June 30, 2020 (Part II). The workshop explored complex systems and contributing factors that can influence obesity, and shared real-life examples of applying systems thinking and systems science approaches to addressing obesity and population health and well-being. In Part I, speakers provided an overview of systems science theories and approaches and their application. In Part II, speakers discussed complex systems in society that have the potential to shape the public’s health and considered opportunities for systems change with regard to obesity solutions. Specifically, the workshop explored how factors such as power dynamics, structural racism, relationships, resources, place-based issues, policy, and political will affect systems that can influence obesity, as well as how these factors can impact communications and cross-sector collaboration to address obesity. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Strom, Brian L. %E Yaktine, Ann L. %E Oria, Maria %T Sodium Intake in Populations: Assessment of Evidence %@ 978-0-309-28295-6 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18311/sodium-intake-in-populations-assessment-of-evidence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18311/sodium-intake-in-populations-assessment-of-evidence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 224 %X Despite efforts over the past several decades to reduce sodium intake in the United States, adults still consume an average of 3,400 mg of sodium every day. A number of scientific bodies and professional health organizations, including the American Heart Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association, support reducing dietary sodium intake. These organizations support a common goal to reduce daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams and further reduce intake to 1,500 mg among persons who are 51 years of age and older and those of any age who are African-American or have hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. A substantial body of evidence supports these efforts to reduce sodium intake. This evidence links excessive dietary sodium to high blood pressure, a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and cardiac-related mortality. However, concerns have been raised that a low sodium intake may adversely affect certain risk factors, including blood lipids and insulin resistance, and thus potentially increase risk of heart disease and stroke. In fact, several recent reports have challenged sodium reduction in the population as a strategy to reduce this risk. Sodium Intake in Populations recognizes the limitations of the available evidence, and explains that there is no consistent evidence to support an association between sodium intake and either a beneficial or adverse effect on most direct health outcomes other than some CVD outcomes (including stroke and CVD mortality) and all-cause mortality. Some evidence suggested that decreasing sodium intake could possibly reduce the risk of gastric cancer. However, the evidence was too limited to conclude the converse—that higher sodium intake could possibly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Interpreting these findings was particularly challenging because most studies were conducted outside the United States in populations consuming much higher levels of sodium than those consumed in this country. Sodium Intake in Populations is a summary of the findings and conclusions on evidence for associations between sodium intake and risk of CVD-related events and mortality. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Whitacre, Paula Tarnapol %E Tsai, Peggy %E Mulligan, Janet %T The Public Health Effects of Food Deserts: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-13728-7 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12623/the-public-health-effects-of-food-deserts-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12623/the-public-health-effects-of-food-deserts-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 114 %X In the United States, people living in low-income neighborhoods frequently do not have access to affordable healthy food venues, such as supermarkets. Instead, those living in "food deserts" must rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices, such as fruits and vegetables. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) convened a two-day workshop on January 26-27, 2009, to provide input into a Congressionally-mandated food deserts study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. The workshop, summarized in this volume, provided a forum in which to discuss the public health effects of food deserts. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %T Sustainable Diets, Food, and Nutrition: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25289/sustainable-diets-food-and-nutrition-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25289/sustainable-diets-food-and-nutrition-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 9 %X On August 1 and 2, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop in Washington, DC, on sustainable diets, food, and nutrition. Workshop participants reviewed current and emerging knowledge on the concept of sustainable diets within the field of food and nutrition; explored sustainable diets and relevant impacts for cross-sector partnerships, policy, and research; and discussed how sustainable diets influence dietary patterns, the food system, and population and public health. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Stallings, Virginia A. %E Harrison, Meghan %E Oria, Maria %T Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium %@ 978-0-309-48834-1 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25353/dietary-reference-intakes-for-sodium-and-potassium %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25353/dietary-reference-intakes-for-sodium-and-potassium %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 594 %X As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values. Over the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear. This report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %T Sustainable Diets, Food, and Nutrition: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-47955-4 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25192/sustainable-diets-food-and-nutrition-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25192/sustainable-diets-food-and-nutrition-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 178 %X On August 1 and 2, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop in Washington, DC, on sustainable diets, food, and nutrition. Workshop participants reviewed current and emerging knowledge on the concept of sustainable diets within the field of food and nutrition; explored sustainable diets and relevant impacts for cross-sector partnerships, policy, and research; and discussed how sustainable diets influence dietary patterns, the food system, and population and public health. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Nutrition Surveys and Surveillance Activities in Russia and the Newly Independent States: A Review of USAID-Sponsored Activities %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9216/nutrition-surveys-and-surveillance-activities-in-russia-and-the-newly-independent-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9216/nutrition-surveys-and-surveillance-activities-in-russia-and-the-newly-independent-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 89 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Estimated Mean per Capita Energy Requirements for Planning Emergency Food Aid Rations %D 1995 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9095/estimated-mean-per-capita-energy-requirements-for-planning-emergency-food-aid-rations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9095/estimated-mean-per-capita-energy-requirements-for-planning-emergency-food-aid-rations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 46 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %T Sustainable Diets: Food for Healthy People and a Healthy Planet: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-29667-0 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18578/sustainable-diets-food-for-healthy-people-and-a-healthy-planet %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18578/sustainable-diets-food-for-healthy-people-and-a-healthy-planet %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 156 %X One of the many benefits of the U.S. food system is a safe, nutritious, and consistent food supply. However, the same system also places significant strain on land, water, air, and other natural resources. A better understanding of the food-environment synergies and trade-offs associated with the U.S. food system would help to reduce this strain. Many experts would like to use that knowledge to develop dietary recommendations on the basis of environmental as well as nutritional considerations. But identifying and quantifying those synergies and trade-offs, let alone acting on them, is a challenge in and of itself. The difficulty stems in part from the reality that experts in the fields of nutrition, agricultural science, and natural resource use often do not regularly collaborate with each other, with the exception of some international efforts. Sustainable Diets is the summary of a workshop convened by The Institute of Medicine's Food Forum and Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine in May 2013 to engender dialogue between experts in nutrition and experts in agriculture and natural resource sustainability and to explore current and emerging knowledge on the food and nutrition policy implications of the increasing environmental constraints on the food system. Experts explored the relationship between human health and the environment, including the identification and quantification of the synergies and trade-offs of their impact. This report explores the role of the food price environment and how environmental sustainability can be incorporated into dietary guidance and considers research priorities, policy implications, and drivers of consumer behaviors that will enable sustainable food choices. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention %@ 978-0-309-26354-2 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13487/an-integrated-framework-for-assessing-the-value-of-community-based-prevention %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13487/an-integrated-framework-for-assessing-the-value-of-community-based-prevention %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 180 %X During the past century the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States have shifted from those related to communicable diseases to those due to chronic diseases. Just as the major causes of morbidity and mortality have changed, so too has the understanding of health and what makes people healthy or ill. Research has documented the importance of the social determinants of health (for example, socioeconomic status and education) that affect health directly as well as through their impact on other health determinants such as risk factors. Targeting interventions toward the conditions associated with today's challenges to living a healthy life requires an increased emphasis on the factors that affect the current cause of morbidity and mortality, factors such as the social determinants of health. Many community-based prevention interventions target such conditions. Community-based prevention interventions offer three distinct strengths. First, because the intervention is implemented population-wide it is inclusive and not dependent on access to a health care system. Second, by directing strategies at an entire population an intervention can reach individuals at all levels of risk. And finally, some lifestyle and behavioral risk factors are shaped by conditions not under an individual's control. For example, encouraging an individual to eat healthy food when none is accessible undermines the potential for successful behavioral change. Community-based prevention interventions can be designed to affect environmental and social conditions that are out of the reach of clinical services. Four foundations - the California Endowment, the de Beaumont Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - asked the Institute of Medicine to convene an expert committee to develop a framework for assessing the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, especially those targeting the prevention of long-term, chronic diseases. The charge to the committee was to define community-based, non-clinical prevention policy and wellness strategies; define the value for community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies; and analyze current frameworks used to assess the value of community-based, non-clinical prevention policies and wellness strategies, including the methodologies and measures used and the short- and long-term impacts of such prevention policy and wellness strategies on health care spending and public health. An Integrated Framework for Assessing the Value of Community-Based Prevention summarizes the committee's findings. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Nutrition During Pregnancy: Part I: Weight Gain, Part II: Nutrient Supplements %@ 978-0-309-07676-0 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1451/nutrition-during-pregnancy-part-i-weight-gain-part-ii-nutrient %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1451/nutrition-during-pregnancy-part-i-weight-gain-part-ii-nutrient %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 480 %X In Part I of Nutrition During Pregnancy, the authors call for revisions in recommended weight gains for pregnant women. They explore relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight for height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother. They present specific target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. Part II addresses vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy, examining the adequacy of diet in meeting nutrient needs during pregnancy and recommending specific amounts of supplements for special circumstances. It also covers the effects of caffeine, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and cocaine use and presents specific research recommendations. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Thomas, Paul R. %E Earl, Robert %T Opportunities in the Nutrition and Food Sciences: Research Challenges and the Next Generation of Investigators %@ 978-0-309-04884-2 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2133/opportunities-in-the-nutrition-and-food-sciences-research-challenges-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2133/opportunities-in-the-nutrition-and-food-sciences-research-challenges-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 328 %X Thanks to increased knowledge about nutrition, many threats to human health have been curbed. But there is much more to be learned. This new volume identifies the most promising opportunities for further progress in basic and clinical research in the biological sciences, food science and technology, and public health. The committee identifies cross-cutting themes as frameworks for investigation and offers a history of nutrition and food science research with nine case studies of accomplishments. The core of the volume identifies research opportunities in areas likely to provide the biggest payoffs in enhancing individual and public health. The volume highlights the importance of technology and instrumentation and covers the spectrum from the effects of neurotransmitters on food selection to the impact of federal food programs on public health. The book also explores the training of nutrition and food scientists. This comprehensive resource will be indispensable to investigators, administrators, and funding decisionmakers in government and industry as well as faculty, students, and interested individuals. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Parker, Lynn %E Burns, Annina Catherine %E Sanchez, Eduardo %T Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity %@ 978-0-309-13927-4 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12674/local-government-actions-to-prevent-childhood-obesity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12674/local-government-actions-to-prevent-childhood-obesity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 138 %X The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments—with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues—are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels—federal, state, and local—in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef: Review of a Draft Risk Assessment %@ 978-0-309-08627-1 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10528/escherichia-coli-o157h7-in-ground-beef-review-of-a-draft %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10528/escherichia-coli-o157h7-in-ground-beef-review-of-a-draft %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 172 %X USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is formulating risk assessments to identify important foodborne hazards; evaluate potential strategies to prevent, reduce, or eliminate those hazards; assess the effects of different mitigation strategies; and identify research needs. These risk assessments, in brief, empirically characterize the determinants of the presence or level of microbial contamination in vulnerable foodstuffs at various points leading up to consumption.One of the initial efforts in the undertaking is a risk assessment of the public health impact of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef. In addition to soliciting public input, FSIS asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee of experts to review the draft and offer recommendations and suggestions for consideration as the agency finalizes the document. This report presents the results of that review. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Nyberg, Kara %E Burns, Annina Catherine %E Parker, Lynn %T Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-14417-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12746/childhood-obesity-prevention-in-texas-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12746/childhood-obesity-prevention-in-texas-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 86 %X Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas summarizes the information gathered at a workshop held February 5-6, 2009, in Austin, Texas. At this workshop, committee members met with Texas lawmakers, public officials, and community leaders to exchange ideas and to view first-hand strategies that are being implemented effectively at the state and local levels to prevent and reverse childhood obesity. Texas leaders at the workshop expressed the strong belief that the state's economic vitality and security depend on the health of its population. Accordingly, the state is no longer simply describing the personal, community, and financial costs of its obesity crisis; it is taking proactive steps to address the problem through strategic initiatives. An overarching strategy is to address obesity by targeting the state's youth, in whom it may be possible to instill healthy behaviors and lifestyles to last a lifetime. A guiding principle of these efforts is that they should be evidence based, community specific, sustainable, cost-effective, and supported by effective partnerships. Moreover, the goal is for the responsibility to be broadly shared by individuals, families, communities, and the public and private sectors. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Science and Food: Today and Tomorrow %D 1961 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18719/science-and-food-today-and-tomorrow %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18719/science-and-food-today-and-tomorrow %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Food and Nutrition %P 81 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Olson, Steve %E Sim, Leslie %E Ziegenhorn, Sarah %T Cross-Sector Responses to Obesity: Models for Change: Workshop in Brief %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21686/cross-sector-responses-to-obesity-models-for-change-workshop-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21686/cross-sector-responses-to-obesity-models-for-change-workshop-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 8 %X On September 30, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a 1-day workshop titled "Cross-Sector Work on Obesity Prevention, Treatment, and Weight Maintenance: Models for Change." The workshop was designed to explore models of cross-sector work that may reduce the prevalence and consequences of obesity, discuss lessons learned from case studies of cross-sector initiatives, and spur future cross-sector collaboration. This brief summary of the workshop highlights the salient points that emerged from the presentations and discussions at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T 2020 Year in Review: Roundtable on Obesity Solutions %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26870/2020-year-in-review-roundtable-on-obesity-solutions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26870/2020-year-in-review-roundtable-on-obesity-solutions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 2 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Callahan, Emily A. %T Leveraging Health Communication, Data, and Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Systems-Wide Changes to Reduce the Prevalence of Obesity: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26341/leveraging-health-communication-data-and-innovative-approaches-for-sustainable-systems-wide-changes-to-reduce-the-prevalence-of-obesity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26341/leveraging-health-communication-data-and-innovative-approaches-for-sustainable-systems-wide-changes-to-reduce-the-prevalence-of-obesity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 7 %X The Roundtable on Obesity Solutions of the Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual public workshop, Leveraging Health Communication, Data, and Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Systems-Wide Changes to Reduce the Prevalence of Obesity, on June 22, 2021. The workshop, the second in a series of three workshops to examine foundational drivers of obesity and sustainable systems-wide changes to reduce the prevalence of obesity, explored strategies for leveraging health communication and data-informed, innovative approaches. Participants in the workshop discussed how health communication might enhance the understanding and the use of current modeling and data-driven efforts to advance obesity solutions; they also explored innovative data and policy approaches for obesity solutions. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.