@BOOK{NAP title = "Environmental Remediation Contracting: Summary of a Symposium", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9266/environmental-remediation-contracting-summary-of-a-symposium", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future: Summary of a Workshop", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12592/the-role-of-the-life-sciences-in-transforming-americas-future", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Alex Martin", title = "Deployment of Deep Decarbonization Technologies: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-67063-0", abstract = "While progress has been made in the development of decarbonization technologies, much work remains in scale-up and deployment. For decarbonization technologies to reach meaningful scale, real-world constraints, societal, economic, and political, must be considered.\nTo identify the primary challenges and opportunities to deploying decarbonization technologies at scale across major sectors of the U.S. economy, the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on July 22-23, 2019. In addition to technology-specific and sector-specific studies, the workshop considered the types of societal transformations required, as well as potential policy drivers for carbon dioxide emissions reductions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25656/deployment-of-deep-decarbonization-technologies-proceedings-of-a-workshop", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Anne Frances Johnson", title = "Communications, Cyber Resilience, and the Future of the U.S. Electric Power System: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-67680-9", abstract = "Electric power is a critical infrastructure that is vital to the U.S. economy and national security. Today, the nation\u2019s electric power infrastructure is threatened by malicious attacks, accidents, and failures, as well as disruptive natural events. As the electric grid evolves and becomes increasingly interdependent with other critical infrastructures, the nation is challenged to defend against these threats and to advance grid capabilities with reliable defenses. On November 1, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to gather diverse perspectives on current and future threats to the electric power system, activities that the subsector is pursuing to defend itself, and how this work may evolve over the coming decades. This publications summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25782/communications-cyber-resilience-and-the-future-of-the-us-electric-power-system", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Accelerating Decarbonization of the U.S. Energy System", isbn = "978-0-309-68292-3", abstract = "The world is transforming its energy system from one dominated by fossil fuel combustion to one with net-zero emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary anthropogenic greenhouse gas. This energy transition is critical to mitigating climate change, protecting human health, and revitalizing the U.S. economy. To help policymakers, businesses, communities, and the public better understand what a net-zero transition would mean for the United States, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine convened a committee of experts to investigate how the U.S. could best decarbonize its transportation, electricity, buildings, and industrial sectors.\nThis report, Accelerating Decarbonization of the United States Energy System, identifies key technological and socio-economic goals that must be achieved to put the United States on the path to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The report presents a policy blueprint outlining critical near-term actions for the first decade (2021-2030) of this 30-year effort, including ways to support communities that will be most impacted by the transition.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25932/accelerating-decarbonization-of-the-us-energy-system", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Energy Choices in a Democratic Society: The Report of the Consumption, Location, and Occupational Patterns Resource Group, Synthesis Panel of the Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems, National Research Council.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18632/energy-choices-in-a-democratic-society-the-report-of-the", year = 1980, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Coal Mining", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18766/coal-mining", year = 1978, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Hardrock Mining on Federal Lands", isbn = "978-0-309-06596-2", abstract = "This book, the result of a congressionally mandated study, examines the adequacy of the regulatory framework for mining of hardrock minerals\u2014such as gold, silver, copper, and uranium\u2014on over 350 million acres of federal lands in the western United States. These lands are managed by two agencies\u2014the Bureau of Land Management in the Department of the Interior, and the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture. \nThe committee concludes that the complex network of state and federal laws that regulate hardrock mining on federal lands is generally effective in providing environmental protection, but improvements are needed in the way the laws are implemented and some regulatory gaps need to be addressed. The book makes specific recommendations for improvement, including:\n\n The development of an enhanced information management system and a more efficient process to review new mining proposals and issue permits.\n Changes to regulations that would require all mining operations, other than \"casual use\" activities that negligibly disturb the environment, to provide financial assurances for eventual site cleanup.\n Changes to regulations that would require all mining and milling operations (other than casual use) to submit operating plans in advance.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9682/hardrock-mining-on-federal-lands", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Automotive Fuel Economy: How Far Can We Go?", isbn = "978-0-309-04530-8", abstract = "This volume presents realistic estimates for the level of fuel economy that is achievable in the next decade for cars and light trucks made in the United States and Canada.\nA source of objective and comprehensive information on the topic, this book takes into account real-world factors such as the financial conditions in the automotive industry, costs and benefits to consumers, and marketability of high-efficiency vehicles.\nThe committee is composed of experts from the fields of science, technology, finance, and regulation and offers practical evaluations of technological improvements that could contribute to increased fuel efficiency. The volume also examines potential barriers to improvement, such as high production costs, regulations on safety and emissions, and consumer preferences.\nThis practical book is of considerable interest to car and light truck manufacturers, policymakers, federal and state agencies, and the public.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1806/automotive-fuel-economy-how-far-can-we-go", year = 1992, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "A Strategic Vision for Department of Energy Environmental Quality Research and Development", isbn = "978-0-309-07560-2", abstract = "The National Academies' National Research Council undertook this study in response to a request from the Under Secretary of Energy to provide strategic advice on how the Department of Energy could improve its Environmental Quality R&D portfolio. The committee recommends that DOE develop strategic goals and objectives for its EQ business line that explicitly incorporate a more comprehensive, long-term view of its EQ responsibilities. For example, these goals and objectives should emphasize long-term stewardship and the importance of limiting contamination and materials management problems, including the generation of wastes and contaminated media, in ongoing and future DOE operations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10207/a-strategic-vision-for-department-of-energy-environmental-quality-research-and-development", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "David W. Cooke", title = "The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters: Summary of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-29395-2", abstract = "The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters is the summary of a workshop convened in February 2013 as a follow-up to the release of the National Research Council report Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System. That report had been written in 2007 for the Department of Homeland Security, but publication was delayed because of security concerns. While most of the committee's findings were still relevant, many developments affecting vulnerability had occurred in the interval. The 2013 workshop was a discussion of the committee's results, what had changed in recent years, and how lessons learned about the grid's resilience to terrorism could be applied to other threats to the grid resulting from natural disasters. The purpose was not to translate the entire report into the present, but to focus on key issues relevant to making the grid sufficiently robust that it could handle inevitable failures without disastrous impact. The workshop focused on five key areas: physical vulnerabilities of the grid; cybersecurity; mitigation and response to outages; community resilience and the provision of critical services; and future technologies and policies that could enhance the resilience of the electric power delivery system.\nThe electric power transmission and distribution system (the grid) is an extraordinarily complex network of wires, transformers, and associated equipment and control software designed to transmit electricity from where it is generated, usually in centralized power plants, to commercial, residential, and industrial users. Because the U.S. infrastructure has become increasingly dependent on electricity, vulnerabilities in the grid have the potential to cascade well beyond whether the lights turn on, impacting among other basic services such as the fueling infrastructure, the economic system, and emergency services. The Resilience of the Electric Power Delivery System in Response to Terrorism and Natural Disasters discusses physical vulnerabilities and the cybersecurity of the grid, ways in which communities respond to widespread outages and how to minimize these impacts, the grid of tomorrow, and how resilience can be encouraged and built into the grid in the future.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18535/the-resilience-of-the-electric-power-delivery-system-in-response-to-terrorism-and-natural-disasters", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System", isbn = "978-0-309-46307-2", abstract = "Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex \"cyber-physical\" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. \n\nEnhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24836/enhancing-the-resilience-of-the-nations-electricity-system", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Evaluation of Future Strategic and Energy Efficient Options for the U.S. Capitol Power Plant", isbn = "978-0-309-14202-1", abstract = "The U.S. Capitol Complex in Washington, D.C., comprises some of the most historic and symbolic buildings in the nation. The steam and chilled water required to heat and cool these buildings and related equipment is generated and distributed by the Capitol Power Plant (CPP) district energy system. Portions of the CPP system are now 50 to 100 years old and require renewal so that reliable utility services can be provided to the U.S. Capitol Complex for the foreseeable future.\nEvaluation of Future Strategic and Energy Efficient Options for the U.S. Capitol Power Plant provides comments on an interim set of publicly available consultant-generated options for the delivery of utility services to the U.S. Capitol Complex. The report provides recommendations to bring the interim options to completion, including suggestions for additional analyses, so that the CPP can be best positioned to meet the future strategic and energy efficiency requirements of the U.S. Capitol Complex.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12719/evaluation-of-future-strategic-and-energy-efficient-options-for-the-us-capitol-power-plant", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Cooperation in the Energy Futures of China and the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-06887-1", abstract = "Today we recognize the importance of the pending transition in energy resource utilization in the coming century. Two major players in this transition will be two of the world's superpowers\u2014China and the United States. Cooperation in the Energy Futures of China and the United States focuses on collaborative opportunities to provide affordable, clean energy for economic growth and social development, to minimize future energy concerns, environmental threats to our global society, and the health and economic impacts on energy production and use.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9736/cooperation-in-the-energy-futures-of-china-and-the-united-states", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Competition in the Electric Industry: Emerging Issues, Opportunities, and Risks for Facility Operators", isbn = "978-0-309-05681-6", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5482/competition-in-the-electric-industry-emerging-issues-opportunities-and-risks", year = 1996, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Future Directions for the U.S. Geological Survey's Energy Resources Program", isbn = "978-0-309-47740-6", abstract = "Reliable, affordable, and technically recoverable energy is central to the nation's economic and social vitality. The United States is both a major consumer of geologically based energy resources from around the world and - increasingly of late - a developer of its own energy resources. Understanding the national and global availability of those resources as well as the environmental impacts of their development is essential for strategic decision making related to the nation's energy mix. The U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program is charged with providing unbiased and publicly available national- and regional-scale assessments of the location, quantity, and quality of geologically based energy resources and with undertaking research related to their development.\nAt the request of the Energy Resources Program (ERP), this publication considers the nation's geologically based energy resource challenges in the context of current national and international energy outlooks. Future Directions for the U.S. Geological Survey's Energy Resources Program examines how ERP activities and products address those challenges and align with the needs federal and nonfederal consumers of ERP products. This study contains recommendations to develop ERP products over the next 10-15 years that will most effectively inform both USGS energy research priorities and the energy needs and priorities of the U.S. government.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25141/future-directions-for-the-us-geological-surveys-energy-resources-program", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use", isbn = "978-0-309-14640-1", abstract = "Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs.\nThe Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security.\nWhile not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12794/hidden-costs-of-energy-unpriced-consequences-of-energy-production-and", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Realizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-14889-4", abstract = "Natural gas, composed mostly of methane, is the cleanest of all the fossil fuels, emitting 25-50% less carbon dioxide than either oil or coal for each unit of energy produced. In recent years, natural gas supplied approximately 20-25% of all energy consumed in the United States. Methane hydrate is a potentially enormous and as yet untapped source of methane. The Department of Energy's Methane Hydrate Research and Development Program has been tasked since 2000 to implement and coordinate a national methane hydrate research effort to stimulate the development of knowledge and technology necessary for commercial production of methane from methane hydrate in a safe and environmentally responsible way. \n\nRealizing the Energy Potential of Methane Hydrate for the United States evaluates the program's research projects and management processes since its congressional re-authorization in 2005, and presents recommendations for its future research and development initiatives.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12831/realizing-the-energy-potential-of-methane-hydrate-for-the-united-states", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Coal: Energy for the Future", isbn = "978-0-309-11964-1", abstract = "The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) was given a mandate in the 1992 Energy Policy Act (EPACT) to pursue strategies in coal technology that promote a more competitive economy, a cleaner environment, and increased energy security.\nCoal evaluates DOE's performance and recommends priorities in updating its coal program and responding to EPACT.\nThis volume provides a picture of likely future coal use and associated technology requirements through the year 2040. Based on near-, mid-, and long-term scenarios, the committee presents a framework for DOE to use in identifying R&D strategies and in making detailed assessments of specific programs.\nCoal offers an overview of coal-related programs and recent budget trends and explores principal issues in future U.S. and foreign coal use.\nThe volume evaluates DOE Fossil Energy R&D programs in such key areas as electric power generation and conversion of coal to clean fuels.\nCoal will be important to energy policymakers, executives in the power industry and related trade associations, environmental organizations, and researchers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4918/coal-energy-for-the-future", year = 1995, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Energy Research at DOE: Was It Worth It? Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy Research 1978 to 2000", isbn = "978-0-309-07448-3", abstract = "In legislation appropriating funds for DOE's fiscal year (FY) 2000 energy R&D budget, the House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee directed an evaluation of the benefits that have accrued to the nation from the R&D conducted since 1978 in DOE's energy efficiency and fossil energy programs. In response to the congressional charge, the National Research Council formed the Committee on Benefits of DOE R&D on Energy Efficiency and Fossil Energy.\nFrom its inception, DOE's energy R&D program has been the subject of many outside evaluations. The present evaluation asks whether the benefits of the program have justified the considerable expenditure of public funds since DOE's formation in 1977, and, unlike earlier evaluations, it takes a comprehensive look at the actual outcomes of DOE's research over two decades.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10165/energy-research-at-doe-was-it-worth-it-energy-efficiency", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }