@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "A Biological Survey for the Nation", isbn = "978-0-309-04984-9", abstract = "Our country has long recognized the importance of its biological resources but we often lack sufficient scientific knowledge to make wise decisions. This realization has led to calls for new ways of providing this information, including the formation of a national biological survey. This volume discusses key issues and problems for which an improved assessment of the nation's biological resources is needed; the kinds of efforts in research and information management needed to create that assessment; and how government, private organizations, and individuals can work together to meet the needs identified. Policymakers, resource managers, public interest groups, and researchers will find this book useful as they participate in the national dialogue on this topic and take actions to implement the needed survey activities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2243/a-biological-survey-for-the-nation", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "E.O. Wilson and Harvard University", title = "Biodiversity", abstract = "This important book for scientists and nonscientists alike calls attention to a most urgent global problem: the rapidly accelerating loss of plant and animal species to increasing human population pressure and the demands of economic development. Based on a major conference sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences and the Smithsonian Institution, Biodiversity creates a systematic framework for analyzing the problem and searching for possible solutions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/989/biodiversity", year = 1988, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Conserving Biodiversity: A Research Agenda for Development Agencies", isbn = "978-0-309-04683-1", abstract = "The loss of the earth's biological diversity is widely recognized as a critical environmental problem. That loss is most severe in developing countries, where the conditions of human existence are most difficult. Conserving Biodiversity presents an agenda for research that can provide information to formulate policy and design conservation programs in the Third World.\nThe book includes discussions of research needs in the biological sciences as well as economics and anthropology, areas of critical importance to conservation and sustainable development. Although specifically directed toward development agencies, non-governmental organizations, and decisionmakers in developing nations, this volume should be of interest to all who are involved in the conservation of biological diversity.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1925/conserving-biodiversity-a-research-agenda-for-development-agencies", year = 1992, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla and Don E. Wilson and Edward O. Wilson", title = "Biodiversity II: Understanding and Protecting Our Biological Resources", isbn = "978-0-309-05584-0", abstract = "\"The book before you...carries the urgent warning that we are rapidly altering and destroying the environments that have fostered the diversity of life forms for more than a billion years.\"\nWith those words, Edward O. Wilson opened the landmark volume Biodiversity (National Academy Press, 1988). Despite this and other such alarms, species continue to vanish at a rapid rate, taking with them their genetic legacy and potential benefits. Many disappear before they can even be identified.\nBiodiversity II is a renewed call for urgency. This volume updates readers on how much we already know and how much remains to be identified scientifically. It explores new strategies for quantifying, understanding, and protecting biodiversity, including:\n\n New approaches to the integration of electronic data, including a proposal for a U.S. National Biodiversity Information Center.\n Application of techniques developed in the human genome project to species identification and classification.\n The Gap Analysis Program of the National Biological Survey, which uses layered satellite, climatic, and biological data to assess distribution and better manage biodiversity.\n The significant contribution of museum collections to identifying and categorizing species, which is essential for understanding ecological function and for targeting organisms and regions at risk.\n\nThe book describes our growing understanding of how megacenters of diversity (e.g., rainforest insects, coral reefs) are formed, maintained, and lost; what can be learned from mounting bird extinctions; and how conservation efforts for neotropical primates have fared. It also explores ecosystem restoration, sustainable development, and agricultural impact.\nBiodiversity II reinforces the idea that the conservation of our biological resources is within reach as long as we pool resources; better coordinate the efforts of existing institutions\u2014museums, universities, and government agencies\u2014already dedicated to this goal; and enhance support for research, collections, and training. This volume will be important to environmentalists, biologists, ecologists, educators, students, and concerned individuals.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4901/biodiversity-ii-understanding-and-protecting-our-biological-resources", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Biodiversity at Risk: Today's Choices Matter", isbn = "978-0-309-27310-7", abstract = "A growing body of evidence has sounded the alarm that the biodiversity that supports and sustains life on Earth is at risk. Habitat destruction, resource exploitation, and climate change are among the many stressors that have put 1 million species under threat of extinction and sharply reduced the populations of many plant and animal species. While researchers and global leaders ramp up efforts to address this existential threat, the significance of species loss and the value of preserving biodiversity is not widely recognized by policy makers or the public. This booklet, produced by an international committee of experts, provides a publicly accessible overview of the many dimensions of biodiversity and why it's vital to the health of all life on the planet. The booklet also examines the causes of biodiversity loss and presents actions that can be taken from the individual to the global level to stop this decline.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26384/biodiversity-at-risk-todays-choices-matter", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions", isbn = "978-0-309-26980-3", abstract = "In the fall of 2010, the U.S. National Academies (consisting of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences) initiated a joint study of U.S.-Russian bilateral engagement in the biological sciences and biotechnology (hereinafter collectively referred to as bioengagement). The U.S. Department of State and the Russian Academy of Sciences provided support for the study. The academies established a joint committee of 12 leading scientists from the two countries to assess bioengagement activities since 1996 and to provide recommendations as to collaborative efforts in the near future. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions summarizes the principal conclusions and recommendations of the study.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18277/the-unique-us-russian-relationship-in-biological-science-and-biotechnology", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "A New Biology for the 21st Century", isbn = "978-0-309-14488-9", abstract = "Now more than ever, biology has the potential to contribute practical solutions to many of the major challenges confronting the United States and the world. A New Biology for the 21st Century recommends that a \"New Biology\" approach\u2014one that depends on greater integration within biology, and closer collaboration with physical, computational, and earth scientists, mathematicians and engineers\u2014be used to find solutions to four key societal needs: sustainable food production, ecosystem restoration, optimized biofuel production, and improvement in human health. The approach calls for a coordinated effort to leverage resources across the federal, private, and academic sectors to help meet challenges and improve the return on life science research in general.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12764/a-new-biology-for-the-21st-century", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "(NAS Colloquium) Genetics and the Origin of Species: From Darwin to Molecular Biology 60 Years After Dobzhansky", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5923/nas-colloquium-genetics-and-the-origin-of-species-from-darwin", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences", editor = "Jody Hey and Walter M. Fitch and Francisco J. Ayala", title = "Systematics and the Origin of Species: On Ernst Mayr's 100th Anniversary", isbn = "978-0-309-09536-5", abstract = "In December 2004, the National Academy of Sciences sponsored a colloquium\non \u201cSystematics and the Origin of Species\u201d to celebrate Ernst Mayr\u2019s\n100th anniversary and to explore current knowledge concerning the origin\nof species. In 1942, Ernst Mayr, one of the twentieth century\u2019s greatest\nscientists, published Systematics and the Origin of Species, a seminal book of\nthe modern theory of evolution, where he advanced the significance of population\nvariation in the understanding of evolutionary process and the origin\nof new species. Mayr formulated the transition from Linnaeus\u2019s static species\nconcept to the dynamic species concept of the modern theory of evolution\nand emphasized the species as a community of populations, the role of\nreproductive isolation, and the ecological interactions between species.\n\nIn addition to a preceding essay by Edward O. Wilson, this book includes\nthe 16 papers presented by distinguished evolutionists at the colloquium.\nThe papers are organized into sections covering the origins of species barriers,\nthe processes of species divergence, the nature of species, the meaning\nof \u201cspecies,\u201d and genomic approaches for understanding diversity and speciation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11310/systematics-and-the-origin-of-species-on-ernst-mayrs-100th", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Interim Report", isbn = "978-0-309-09178-7", abstract = "This interim report assesses issues related to animal management, husbandry, health, and care at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park. The report finds that there are shortcomings in care and management that are threatening the well-being of the animal collection and identifies the \"most pressing\" issues that should be addressed.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10932/animal-care-and-management-at-the-national-zoo-interim-report", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Final Report", isbn = "978-0-309-09583-9", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11212/animal-care-and-management-at-the-national-zoo-final-report", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System", isbn = "978-0-309-04390-8", abstract = "In the United States, the critical task of preserving our plant genetic resources is the responsibility of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS).\nNPGS undergoes a thorough analysis in this book, which offers wide-ranging recommendations for equipping the agency to better meet U.S. needs\u2014and lead international conservation efforts.\nThe book outlines the importance and status of plant genetic conservation and evaluates NPGS's multifaceted operations. Two options for revamping NPGS within the U.S. Department of Agriculture are included.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1583/the-us-national-plant-germplasm-system", year = 1991, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences", editor = "Francisco J. Ayala and Walter M. Fitch and Michael T. Clegg", title = "Variation and Evolution in Plants and Microorganisms: Toward a New Synthesis 50 Years After Stebbins", isbn = "978-0-309-07099-7", abstract = "\"The present book is intended as a progress report on [the] synthetic approach to evolution as it applies to the plant kingdom.\" With this simple statement, G. Ledyard Stebbins formulated the objectives of Variation and Evolution in Plants, published in 1950, setting forth for plants what became known as the \"synthetic theory of evolution\" or \"the modern synthesis.\" The pervading conceit of the book was the molding of Darwin's evolution by natural selection within the framework of rapidly advancing genetic knowledge.\nAt the time, Variation and Evolution in Plants significantly extended the scope of the science of plants. Plants, with their unique genetic, physiological, and evolutionary features, had all but been left completely out of the synthesis until that point. Fifty years later, the National Academy of Sciences convened a colloquium to update the advances made by Stebbins.\nThis collection of 17 papers marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Stebbins' classic. Organized into five sections, the book covers: early evolution and the origin of cells, virus and bacterial models, protoctist models, population variation, and trends and patterns in plant evolution.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9766/variation-and-evolution-in-plants-and-microorganisms-toward-a-new", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "(NAS Colloquium) The Future of Evolution", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10499/nas-colloquium-the-future-of-evolution", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences", editor = "John C. Avise and Stephen P. Hubbell and Francisco J. Ayala", title = "In the Light of Evolution: Volume II: Biodiversity and Extinction", isbn = "978-0-309-12743-1", abstract = "The current extinction crisis is of human making, and any favorable resolution of that biodiversity crisis--among the most dire in the 4-billion-year history of Earth--will have to be initiated by mankind. Little time remains for the public, corporations, and governments to awaken to the magnitude of what is at stake. This book aims to assist that critical educational mission, synthesizing recent scientific information and ideas about threats to biodiversity in the past, present, and projected future.\nThis is the second volume from the In the Light of Evolution series, based on a series of Arthur M. Sackler colloquia, and designed to promote the evolutionary sciences. Each installment explores evolutionary perspectives on a particular biological topic that is scientifically intriguing but also has special relevance to contemporary societal issues or challenges. Individually and collectively, the ILE series aims to interpret phenomena in various areas of biology through the lens of evolution, address some of the most intellectually engaging as well as pragmatically important societal issues of our times, and foster a greater appreciation of evolutionary biology as a consolidating foundation for the life sciences.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12501/in-the-light-of-evolution-volume-ii-biodiversity-and-extinction", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Opportunities in Biology", isbn = "978-0-309-07881-8", abstract = "Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologies\u2014recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and more\u2014are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater.\nOpportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needs\u2014for funding, effective information systems, and other support\u2014of future biology research.\nExploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/742/opportunities-in-biology", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences", editor = "John C. Avise and Francisco J. Ayala", title = "In the Light of Evolution: Volume X: Comparative Phylogeography", isbn = "978-0-309-44422-4", abstract = "Biodiversity--the genetic variety of life--is an exuberant product of the evolutionary past, a vast human-supportive resource (aesthetic, intellectual, and material) of the present, and a rich legacy to cherish and preserve for the future. Two urgent challenges, and opportunities, for 21st-century science are to gain deeper insights into the evolutionary processes that foster biotic diversity, and to translate that understanding into workable solutions for the regional and global crises that biodiversity currently faces. A grasp of evolutionary principles and processes is important in other societal arenas as well, such as education, medicine, sociology, and other applied fields including agriculture, pharmacology, and biotechnology. The ramifications of evolutionary thought also extend into learned realms traditionally reserved for philosophy and religion.\n\nThe central goal of the In the Light of Evolution (ILE) series is to promote the evolutionary sciences through state-of-the-art colloquia--in the series of Arthur M. Sackler colloquia sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences--and their published proceedings. Each installment explores evolutionary perspectives on a particular biological topic that is scientifically intriguing but also has special relevance to contemporary societal issues or challenges. This tenth and final edition of the In the Light of Evolution series focuses on recent developments in phylogeographic research and their relevance to past accomplishments and future research directions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23542/in-the-light-of-evolution-volume-x-comparative-phylogeography", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Peter H. Raven and Tania Williams", title = "Nature and Human Society: The Quest for a Sustainable World", isbn = "978-0-309-06555-9", abstract = "From earliest times, human beings have noticed patterns in nature: night and day, tides and lunar cycles, the changing seasons, plant succession, and animal migration. While recognizing patterns conferred great survival advantage, we are now in danger from our own success in multiplying our numbers and altering those patterns for our own purposes.\nIt is imperative that we engage again with the patterns of nature, but this time, with awareness of our impact as a species. How will burgeoning human populations affect the health of ecosystems? Is loss of species simply a regrettable byproduct of human expansion? Or is the planet passing into a new epoch in just a few human generations?\nNature and Human Society presents a wide-ranging exploration of these and other fundamental questions about our relationship with the environment. This book features findings, insights, and informed speculations from key figures in the field: E.O. Wilson, Thomas Lovejoy, Peter H. Raven, Gretchen Daily, David Suzuki, Norman Myers, Paul Erlich, Michael Bean, and many others.\nThis volume explores the accelerated extinction of species and what we stand to lose\u2014medicines, energy sources, crop pollination and pest control, the ability of water and soil to renew itself through biological processes, aesthetic and recreational benefits\u2014and how these losses may be felt locally and acutely.\nWhat are the specific threats to biodiversity? The book explores human population growth, the homogenization of biota as a result in tourism and trade, and other factors, including the social influences of law, religious belief, and public education.\nDo we have the tools to protect biodiversity? The book looks at molecular genetics, satellite data, tools borrowed from medicine, and other scientific techniques to firm up our grasp of important processes in biology and earth science, including the \"new\" science of conservation biology.\nNature and Human Society helps us renew our understanding and appreciation for natural patterns, with surprising details about microorganisms, nematodes, and other overlooked forms of life: their numbers, pervasiveness, and importance to the health of the soil, water, and air and to a host of human endeavors.\nThis book will be of value to anyone who believes that the world's gross natural product is as important as the world's gross national product.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6142/nature-and-human-society-the-quest-for-a-sustainable-world", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Twenty-First Century Ecosystems: Managing the Living World Two Centuries After Darwin: Report of a Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-20901-4", abstract = "The two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin, February 12, 2009, occurred at a critical time for the United States and the world. In honor of Darwin's birthday, the National Research Council appointed a committee under the auspices of the U.S. National Committee (USNC) for DIVERSITAS to plan a Symposium on Twenty-first Century Ecosystems. The purpose of the symposium was to capture some of the current excitement and recent progress in scientific understanding of ecosystems, from the microbial to the global level, while also highlighting how improved understanding can be applied to important policy issues that have broad biodiversity and ecosystem effects. The aim was to help inform new policy approaches that could satisfy human needs while also maintaining the integrity of the goods and services provided by biodiversity and ecosystems over both the short and the long terms.\nThis report summarizes the views expressed by symposium participants; however, it does not provide a session-by-session summary of the presentations at the symposium. Instead, the symposium steering committee identified eight key themes that emerged from the lectures, which were addressed in different contexts by different speakers. The focus here is on general principles rather than specifics. These eight themes provide a sharp focus on a few concepts that enable scientists, environmental NGOs, and policy makers to engage more effectively around issues of central importance for biodiversity and ecosystem management.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13109/twenty-first-century-ecosystems-managing-the-living-world-two-centuries", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Perspectives on Biodiversity: Valuing Its Role in an Everchanging World", isbn = "978-0-309-06581-8", abstract = "Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect but can have a cumulative major effect.\nPerspectives on Biodiversity reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that are useful in assessing that value in particular circumstances. It recommends and details a list of components\u2014including diversity of species, genetic variability within and among species, distribution of species across the ecosystem, the aesthetic satisfaction derived from diversity, and the duty to preserve and protect biodiversity.\nThe book also recommends that more information about the role of biodiversity in sustaining natural resources be gathered and summarized in ways useful to managers. Acknowledging that decisions about biodiversity are necessarily qualitative and change over time because of the nonmarket nature of so many of the values, the committee recommends periodic reviews of management decisions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9589/perspectives-on-biodiversity-valuing-its-role-in-an-everchanging-world", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }