%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Amaranth: Modern Prospects for an Ancient Crop %D 1984 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19381/amaranth-modern-prospects-for-an-ancient-crop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19381/amaranth-modern-prospects-for-an-ancient-crop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Agriculture %P 92 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Insect-Pest Management and Control %D 1969 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18674/insect-pest-management-and-control %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18674/insect-pest-management-and-control %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Agriculture %P 533 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T National Summit on Strategies to Manage Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-26556-0 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13518/national-summit-on-strategies-to-manage-herbicide-resistant-weeds-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13518/national-summit-on-strategies-to-manage-herbicide-resistant-weeds-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 66 %X Preserving the efficacy of herbicides and of herbicide-resistance technology depends on awareness of the increasing resistance of weeds to herbicides used in agriculture and coordinated action to address the problem by individuals at the farm level and beyond. This summit served as a venue to bring the attention of important stakeholders to the issue and as an opportunity for experts from diverse disciplines to strategize in a coordinated way to address herbicide-resistant weeds. In convening stakeholders for this event, participants took a step toward a recommendation from the 2010 National Research Council report The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States that federal and state government agencies, private-sector technology developers, universities, farmer organizations, and other relevant stakeholders collaborate to document emerging weed-resistance problems and to develop cost-effective resistance-management programs and practices that preserve effective weed control. The summit provided the opportunity for stakeholders to explore the scientific basis of the emergence of herbicide resistance and to consider different perspectives on both opportunities and barriers to overcoming the problem of herbicide-resistant weeds. National Summit on Strategies to Manage Herbicide-Resistant Weeds contains a brief synopsis of key points made by each speaker at the summit. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T An Assessment of Native Seed Needs and the Capacity for Their Supply: Final Report %@ 978-0-309-69025-6 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26618/an-assessment-of-native-seed-needs-and-the-capacity-for-their-supply %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26618/an-assessment-of-native-seed-needs-and-the-capacity-for-their-supply %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 252 %X Extreme weather and wildfires, intensified by climate change, are damaging the native plant communities of landscapes across the United States. Native plant communities are foundational to thriving ecosystems, delivering goods and services that regulate the environment and support life, provide food and shelter for a wide range of native animals, and embody a wealth of genetic information with many beneficial applications. Restoring impaired ecosystems requires a supply of diverse native plant seeds that are well suited to the climates, soils, and other living species of the system. This report examines the needs for native plant restoration and other activities, provides recommendations for improving the reliability, predictability, and performance of the native seed supply, and presents an ambitious agenda for action. An Assessment of Native Seed Needs and the Capacity for Their Supply considers the various challenges facing our natural landscapes and calls for a coordinated public-private effort to scale-up and secure a cost-effective national native seed supply. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Managing Global Genetic Resources: Agricultural Crop Issues and Policies %@ 978-0-309-13186-5 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2116/managing-global-genetic-resources-agricultural-crop-issues-and-policies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2116/managing-global-genetic-resources-agricultural-crop-issues-and-policies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 480 %X This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States %@ 978-0-309-14708-8 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12804/the-impact-of-genetically-engineered-crops-on-farm-sustainability-in-the-united-states %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12804/the-impact-of-genetically-engineered-crops-on-farm-sustainability-in-the-united-states %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 270 %X Since genetically engineered (GE) crops were introduced in 1996, their use in the United States has grown rapidly, accounting for 80-90 percent of soybean, corn, and cotton acreage in 2009. To date, crops with traits that provide resistance to some herbicides and to specific insect pests have benefited adopting farmers by reducing crop losses to insect damage, by increasing flexibility in time management, and by facilitating the use of more environmentally friendly pesticides and tillage practices. However, excessive reliance on a single technology combined with a lack of diverse farming practices could undermine the economic and environmental gains from these GE crops. Other challenges could hinder the application of the technology to a broader spectrum of crops and uses. Several reports from the National Research Council have addressed the effects of GE crops on the environment and on human health. However, The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States is the first comprehensive assessment of the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the GE-crop revolution on U.S. farms. It addresses how GE crops have affected U.S. farmers, both adopters and nonadopters of the technology, their incomes, agronomic practices, production decisions, environmental resources, and personal well-being. The book offers several new findings and four recommendations that could be useful to farmers, industry, science organizations, policy makers, and others in government agencies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Feasibility of Using Mycoherbicides for Controlling Illicit Drug Crops %@ 978-0-309-22171-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13278/feasibility-of-using-mycoherbicides-for-controlling-illicit-drug-crops %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13278/feasibility-of-using-mycoherbicides-for-controlling-illicit-drug-crops %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 186 %X The control of illicit-drug trafficking and drug use is a difficult and complex process that involves a variety of prevention, control, treatment, and law enforcement strategies. Eradication strategies for controlling illicit-drug crops are used to target the beginning of the drug-supply chain by preventing or reducing crop yields. Mycoherbicides have been proposed as an eradication tool to supplement the current methods of herbicide spraying, mechanical removal, and manual destruction of illicit-drug crops. Some people regard them as preferable to chemical herbicides for controlling illicit-drug crops because of their purported specificity to only one plant species or a few closely related species. As living microorganisms, they have the potential to provide long-term control if they can persist in the environment and affect later plantings. Research on mycoherbicides against illicit-drug crops has focused on three pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cannabis for cannabis (Cannabis sativa), F. oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli for coca (Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense), and Crivellia papaveracea or Brachycladium papaveris (formerly known as Pleospora papaveracea and Dendryphion penicillatum, respectively) for opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Feasibility of Using Mycoherbicides for Controlling Illicit Drug Crops addresses issues about the potential use of the proposed mycoherbicides: their effectiveness in eradicating their target plants; the feasibility of their large-scale industrial manufacture and delivery; their potential spread and persistence in the environment; their pathogenicity and toxicity to nontarget organisms, including other plants, fungi, animals, and humans; their potential for mutation and resulting effects on target plants and nontarget organisms; and research and development needs. On the basis of its review, the report concludes that the available data are insufficient to determine the effectiveness of the specific fungi proposed as mycoherbicides to combat illicit-drug crops or to determine their potential effects on nontarget plants, microorganisms, animals, humans, or the environment. However, the committee offers an assessment of what can and cannot be determined at the present time regarding each of the issues raised in the statement of task. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Saline Agriculture: Salt-Tolerant Plants for Developing Countries %@ 978-0-309-04189-8 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1489/saline-agriculture-salt-tolerant-plants-for-developing-countries %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1489/saline-agriculture-salt-tolerant-plants-for-developing-countries %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 152 %X %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion %@ 978-0-309-04269-7 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2077/vetiver-grass-a-thin-green-line-against-erosion %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2077/vetiver-grass-a-thin-green-line-against-erosion %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 188 %X For developing nations, soil erosion is among the most chronic environmental and economic burdens. Vast amounts of topsoil are washed or blown away from arable land only to accumulate in rivers, reservoirs, harbors, and estuaries, thereby creating a double disaster: a vital resource disappears from where it is desperately needed and is deposited where it is equally unwanted. Despite much rhetoric and effort, little has been done to overcome this problem. Vetiver, a little-known tropical grass, offers one practical and inexpensive way to control erosion on a huge scale in both humid and semi-arid regions. Hedges of this deeply rooted species catch and hold back sediments while the stiff foliage acts as a filter that also slows runoff and keeps moisture on site. This book assesses vetiver's promise and limitations and identifies places where this grass can be deployed without undue environmental risk. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T An Assessment of the Need for Native Seeds and the Capacity for Their Supply: Interim Report %@ 978-0-309-68015-8 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25859/an-assessment-of-the-need-for-native-seeds-and-the-capacity-for-their-supply %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25859/an-assessment-of-the-need-for-native-seeds-and-the-capacity-for-their-supply %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Surveys and Statistics %P 72 %X Across the United States, millions of acres of land have been so disturbed by human activities or severe climate events that significant portions of their native plant communities have been lost and their ecosystems have been seriously compromised. Restoring impaired ecosystems requires a supply of diverse native plant seeds that are well suited to the climates, soils, and other living species of the system. Native seeds are also in demand for applications in urban land management, roadside maintenance, conservation agriculture, and other restorative activities that take into account the connection between native plant communities and the increasingly urgent need for resilient landscapes. Given the varied climatic and environmental niches of the more than 17,000 native plant species of the United States, supplying the desired seed types and species mixes for this wide range of activities is a challenge. As the first phase of a nationwide analysis of the full scope of needs for native plant seeds, this interim report describes the participants in the native plant seed supply chain, makes preliminary observations, and proposes an information-gathering plan for the second phase of the assessment. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Lost Crops of the Incas: Little-Known Plants of the Andes with Promise for Worldwide Cultivation %@ 978-0-309-04264-2 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1398/lost-crops-of-the-incas-little-known-plants-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1398/lost-crops-of-the-incas-little-known-plants-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 440 %X This fascinating, readable volume is filled with enticing, detailed information about more than 30 different Incan crops that promise to follow the potato's lead and become important contributors to the world's food supply. Some of these overlooked foods offer special advantages for developing nations, such as high nutritional quality and excellent yields. Many are adaptable to areas of the United States. Lost Crops of the Incas includes vivid color photographs of many of the crops and describes the authors' experiences in growing, tasting, and preparing them in different ways. This book is for the gourmet and gourmand alike, as well as gardeners, botanists, farmers, and agricultural specialists in developing countries. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits %@ 978-0-309-10596-5 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11879/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-iii-fruits %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11879/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-iii-fruits %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 380 %X This book is the third in a series evaluating underexploited African plant resources that could help broaden and secure Africa's food supply. The volume describes 24 little-known indigenous African cultivated and wild fruits that have potential as food- and cash-crops but are typically overlooked by scientists, policymakers, and the world at large. The book assesses the potential of each fruit to help overcome malnutrition, boost food security, foster rural development, and create sustainable landcare in Africa. Each fruit is also described in a separate chapter, based on information provided and assessed by experts throughout the world. Volume I describes African grains and Volume II African vegetables. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research %@ 978-0-309-13807-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12641/scientific-and-humane-issues-in-the-use-of-random-source-dogs-and-cats-in-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12641/scientific-and-humane-issues-in-the-use-of-random-source-dogs-and-cats-in-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 118 %X Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random-Source Dogs and Cats in Research examines the value of random-source animals in biomedical research and the role of Class B dealers who acquire and resell live dogs and cats to research institutions. Findings include that, while some random-source dogs and cats may be necessary and desirable for National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research, there is no clear need to obtain those animals from Class B dealers. Several options for random-source animal acquisition already exist and additional options are recommended, which would further ensure the welfare of these animals and foster a positive public image for NIH. While the scientific community has recognized and responded to concerns for humane treatment of animals in research, government oversight has thus far been unable to fully enforce the Animal Welfare Act in regard to Class B dealers of live animals. Although the animals acquired by Class B dealers are destined for research—and NIH research in particular—the standard of care while in the possession of some Class B dealers requires an inordinate amount of government enforcement and is not commensurate with the policies of most NIH-funded research laboratories. This dichotomy of standards reflects poorly on public perceptions of NIH and jeopardizes animal welfare. This book will be crucial for NIH and other groups using random-source animals in research, including veterinary schools and research facilities. Animal welfare advocates, policy makers, and concerned pet owners will also find this a vital and informative work for reconciling the needs of research with the welfare of animals. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Lost Crops of Africa: Volume II: Vegetables %@ 978-0-309-10333-6 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11763/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-ii-vegetables %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11763/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-ii-vegetables %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 378 %X This report is the second in a series of three evaluating underexploited African plant resources that could help broaden and secure Africa's food supply. The volume describes the characteristics of 18 little-known indigenous African vegetables (including tubers and legumes) that have potential as food- and cash-crops but are typically overlooked by scientists and policymakers and in the world at large. The book assesses the potential of each vegetable to help overcome malnutrition, boost food security, foster rural development, and create sustainable landcare in Africa. Each species is described in a separate chapter, based on information gathered from and verified by a pool of experts throughout the world. Volume I describes African grains and Volume III African fruits. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T International Perspectives: The Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources: Proceedings of the Workshop Held April 17-19, 2002 %@ 978-0-309-08945-6 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10774/international-perspectives-the-future-of-nonhuman-primate-resources-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10774/international-perspectives-the-future-of-nonhuman-primate-resources-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Agriculture %P 262 %X The future of nonhuman primate (NHP) resources is a concern of scientists, veterinarians, and funding authorities. An April 2002 workshop brought participants from all over the world to discuss various aspects of the issue such as current shortfalls and excesses in NHP breeding and exportation programs, the status of breeding and conservation programs internationally, the development of specific pathogen-free colonies, difficulties in transporting NHP, and challenges in the management of NHP colonies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants: The Scope and Adequacy of Regulation %@ 978-0-309-08263-1 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10258/environmental-effects-of-transgenic-plants-the-scope-and-adequacy-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10258/environmental-effects-of-transgenic-plants-the-scope-and-adequacy-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 342 %X Transgenic crops offer the promise of increased agricultural productivity and better quality foods. But they also raise the specter of harmful environmental effects. In this new book, a panel of experts examines: • Similarities and differences between crops developed by conventional and transgenic methods • Potential for commercialized transgenic crops to change both agricultural and nonagricultural landscapes • How well the U.S. government is regulating transgenic crops to avoid any negative effects. Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants provides a wealth of information about transgenic processes, previous experience with the introduction of novel crops, principles of risk assessment and management, the science behind current regulatory schemes, issues in monitoring transgenic products already on the market, and more. The book discusses public involvement—and public confidence—in biotechnology regulation. And it looks to the future, exploring the potential of genetic engineering and the prospects for environmental effects. %0 Book %E Berenbaum, May R. %T Buzzwords: A Scientist Muses on Sex, Bugs, and Rock 'n' Roll %D 2000 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9744/buzzwords-a-scientist-muses-on-sex-bugs-and-rock-n %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9744/buzzwords-a-scientist-muses-on-sex-bugs-and-rock-n %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Explore Science %K Agriculture %P 318 %X What sort of person devotes their life to the study of bugs? How do you picture your average, every-day entomologist? "I've been photographed on several occasions," writes author May Berenbaum, "and it seems that every time, photographers ask me to pose in one of three ways: seated in front of a microscope, with an insect (usually a cockroach) on my face, or with an insect net clutched in my hand." In Buzzwords, Berenbaum expertly blows away these stereotypes with short takes on all things entomological—from the story of a pet ant kept for 14 years to major motion pictures featuring cockroaches. Buzzwords showcases the Best of Berenbaum, a selection from her humor column in the American Entomologist professional journal, accompanied by a number of original pieces written for this book. "I know people are reading these columns," she notes, "because they write me letters that point out all the mistakes I've made!" The book comes in four parts: How entomologists see insects, including their view of a U.S. government plan to eradicate illicit coca fields by dropping caterpillars from airplanes. How the rest of the world sees insects, with Berenbaum's proposed classificatory scheme for placing Spider Man, Firefly, and other cartoon superheroes into well-defined taxa. How entomologists view themselves—featuring Bambi Berenbaum, a gorgeous entomologist created for an episode of TV's popular "The X-Files," whose character was inspired when the scriptwriter consulted Berenbaum's books. How entomologists see their colleagues, with various views on scholarly citation, motion sickness, and more. Along the way are some thought-provoking observations—for example, about the impact of television on public knowledge of science. In one poll, Berenbaum writes, 35% of adults said they believed that prehistoric humans coexisted with dinosaurs, a la the Flintstones. Berenbaum even takes on the controversy over alternative medicine, fearlessly purchasing Chinese medicinal insects during a professional trip to Vancouver, which also happened to be her honeymoon. "Okay, so maybe giving two talks at an International Congress of Entomology is not everybody's idea of a romantic honeymoon venue, but it seemed like a good idea at the time." Berenbaum is a noted scientist in a field that doesn't always gets the respect it deserves, but she shows us that there's a fun and even freaky side of life with insects. While working on the University of Illinois' annual Insect Fear Film Festival she received a letter from a "crush freak" who waxed lyrical about a young, sexy babe with a size 9 or 10 shoe. Berenbaum writes, "On the one hand, it's almost gratifying to think that insect pest management can arouse people's interest to such an extreme extent. On the other hand, it has convinced me not to list my shoe size in the biographical sketch of my next book." Readers will appreciate learning how the word "shloop" was introduced to the medical literature when physicians used a metal suction tip to remove a cockroach from a patient's ear canal, and how one investigator named a series of subspecies bobana, cocana, dodana, and so forth, "anticipating by 60 years the song, 'The Name Game,' by Shirley Ellis." Although you'll chuckle all the way, Berenbaum has the last laugh, giving powerful lessons in the spectacular diversity of the insect world and the nature of scientific discovery, cleverly packaged as witty observations on subjects far and wide. If you're a scientist or you like reading about science—better yet, if you've ever found a fly in your soup (or worried that you might have unknowingly just slurped one down with your tomato bisque—this book is for you. %0 Book %T (NAS Colloquium) Plants and Population: Is There Time? %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9619/nas-colloquium-plants-and-population-is-there-time %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9619/nas-colloquium-plants-and-population-is-there-time %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 112 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Status of Pollinators in North America %@ 978-0-309-10289-6 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11761/status-of-pollinators-in-north-america %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11761/status-of-pollinators-in-north-america %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 326 %X Pollinators—insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction—are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %E Pankevich, Diana E. %E Shelton-Davenport, Marilee K. %E Kahn, Jeffrey P. %T Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Assessing the Necessity %@ 978-0-309-22039-2 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13257/chimpanzees-in-biomedical-and-behavioral-research-assessing-the-necessity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13257/chimpanzees-in-biomedical-and-behavioral-research-assessing-the-necessity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Health and Medicine %K Agriculture %P 200 %X For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.