%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Cork, Daniel L. %E Rolph, John E. %E Meieran, Eugene S. %E Petrie, Carol V. %T Ballistic Imaging %@ 978-0-309-11724-1 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12162/ballistic-imaging %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12162/ballistic-imaging %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 344 %X Ballistic Imaging assesses the state of computer-based imaging technology in forensic firearms identification. The book evaluates the current law enforcement database of images of crime-related cartridge cases and bullets and recommends ways to improve the usefulness of the technology for suggesting leads in criminal investigations. It also advises against the construction of a national reference database that would include images from test-fires of every newly manufactured or imported firearm in the United States. The book also suggests further research on an alternate method for generating an investigative lead to the location where a gun was first sold: "microstamping," the direct imprinting of unique identifiers on firearm parts or ammunition. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Groves, Robert M. %E Cork, Daniel L. %T Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics %@ 978-0-309-13910-6 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12671/ensuring-the-quality-credibility-and-relevance-of-us-justice-statistics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12671/ensuring-the-quality-credibility-and-relevance-of-us-justice-statistics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 378 %X The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of the U.S. Department of Justice is one of the smallest of the U.S. principal statistical agencies but shoulders one of the most expansive and detailed legal mandates among those agencies. Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics examines the full range of BJS programs and suggests priorities for data collection. BJS's data collection portfolio is a solid body of work, well justified by public information needs or legal requirements and a commendable effort to meet its broad mandate given less-than-commensurate fiscal resources. The book identifies some major gaps in the substantive coverage of BJS data, but notes that filling those gaps would require increased and sustained support in terms of staff and fiscal resources. In suggesting strategic goals for BJS, the book argues that the bureau's foremost goal should be to establish and maintain a strong position of independence. To avoid structural or political interference in BJS work, the report suggests changing the administrative placement of BJS within the Justice Department and making the BJS directorship a fixed-term appointment. In its thirtieth year, BJS can look back on a solid body of accomplishment; this book suggests further directions for improvement to give the nation the justice statistics--and the BJS--that it deserves. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking: Workshop Report %@ 978-0-309-15852-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12961/the-science-of-adolescent-risk-taking-workshop-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12961/the-science-of-adolescent-risk-taking-workshop-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 144 %X Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Matherly, Deborah %E Langdon, Neeli %E Wolshon, Brian %E Murray-Tuite, Pamela %E Renne, John %E Thomas, Roberta %E Mobley, Jane %E Reinhardt, Kelly %T A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22338/a-guide-to-regional-transportation-planning-for-disasters-emergencies-and-significant-events %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22338/a-guide-to-regional-transportation-planning-for-disasters-emergencies-and-significant-events %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 160 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 777: A Guide to Regional Transportation Planning for Disasters, Emergencies, and Significant Events uses foundational planning principles, case studies, tips, and tools to explain implementation of transportation planning for possible multijurisdictional disasters, emergencies, and other major events. In addition to the guide, there is a contractor's final research report and a PowerPoint presentation describing the entire project. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Snair, Justin %E Nicholson, Anna %E Giammaria, Claire %T Countering Violent Extremism Through Public Health Practice: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-45365-3 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24638/countering-violent-extremism-through-public-health-practice-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24638/countering-violent-extremism-through-public-health-practice-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 146 %X Countering violent extremism consists of various prevention and intervention approaches to increase the resilience of communities and individuals to radicalization toward violent extremism, to provide nonviolent avenues for expressing grievances, and to educate communities about the threat of recruitment and radicalization to violence. To explore the application of health approaches in community-level strategies to countering violent extremism and radicalization, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop in September 2016. Participants explored the evolving threat of violent extremism and radicalization within communities across America, traditional versus health-centered approaches to countering violent extremism and radicalization, and opportunities for cross-sector and interdisciplinary collaboration and learning among domestic and international stakeholders and organizations. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Durch, Jane S. %E Bailey, Linda A. %E Stoto, Michael A. %T Improving Health in the Community: A Role for Performance Monitoring %@ 978-0-309-05534-5 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5298/improving-health-in-the-community-a-role-for-performance-monitoring %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5298/improving-health-in-the-community-a-role-for-performance-monitoring %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 496 %X How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Cuff, Patricia A. %E Vanselow, Neal %T Improving Medical Education: Enhancing the Behavioral and Social Science Content of Medical School Curricula %@ 978-0-309-09142-8 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10956/improving-medical-education-enhancing-the-behavioral-and-social-science-content %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10956/improving-medical-education-enhancing-the-behavioral-and-social-science-content %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 168 %X Roughly half of all deaths in the United States are linked to behavioral and social factors. The leading causes of preventable death and disease in the United States are smoking, sedentary lifestyle, along with poor dietary habits, and alcohol consumption. To make measurable improvements in the health of Americans, physicians must be equipped with the knowledge and skills from the behavioral and social sciences needed to recognize, understand, and effectively respond to patients as individuals, not just to their symptoms. What are medical schools teaching students about the behavioral and social sciences? In the report, the committee concluded that there is inadequate information available to sufficiently describe behavioral and social science curriculum content, teaching techniques, and assessment methodologies in U.S. medical schools and recommends development of a new national behavioral and social science database. The committee also recommended that the National Board of Medical Examiners ensure that the U.S. Medical Licensing Examination adequately cover the behavioral and social science subject matter recommended in this report. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E McCord, Joan %E Widom, Cathy Spatz %E Crowell, Nancy A. %T Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice %@ 978-0-309-06842-0 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9747/juvenile-crime-juvenile-justice %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9747/juvenile-crime-juvenile-justice %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 404 %X Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescents—trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistance—the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with age—and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth: A National Agenda %@ 978-0-309-48202-8 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25201/fostering-healthy-mental-emotional-and-behavioral-development-in-children-and-youth %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25201/fostering-healthy-mental-emotional-and-behavioral-development-in-children-and-youth %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 390 %X Healthy mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) development is a critical foundation for a productive adulthood. Much is known about strategies to support families and communities in strengthening the MEB development of children and youth, by promoting healthy development and also by preventing and mitigating disorder, so that young people reach adulthood ready to thrive and contribute to society. Over the last decade, a growing body of research has significantly strengthened understanding of healthy MEB development and the factors that influence it, as well as how it can be fostered. Yet, the United States has not taken full advantage of this growing knowledge base. Ten years later, the nation still is not effectively mitigating risks for poor MEB health outcomes; these risks remain prevalent, and available data show no significant reductions in their prevalence. Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth: A National Agenda examines the gap between current research and achievable national goals for the next ten years. This report identifies the complexities of childhood influences and highlights the need for a tailored approach when implementing new policies and practices. This report provides a framework for a cohesive, multidisciplinary national approach to improving MEB health. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Pope, Andrew M. %E Tarlov, Alvin R. %T Disability in America: Toward a National Agenda for Prevention %@ 978-0-309-04378-6 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1579/disability-in-america-toward-a-national-agenda-for-prevention %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1579/disability-in-america-toward-a-national-agenda-for-prevention %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 376 %X Disability in America presents a five-prong strategy for reducing the incidence and prevalence of disability as well as its personal, social, and economic consequences. Although the preferred goal is to avoid potentially disabling conditions, the authoring committee focuses on the need to prevent or reverse the progression that leads to disability and reduced quality of life in persons with potentially disabling conditions. Calling for a coherent national program to focus on prevention, the committee sets forth specific recommendations for federal agencies, state and local programs, and the private sector. This comprehensive agenda addresses the need for improved methods for collecting disability data, specific research questions, directions for university training, reform in insurance coverage, prenatal care, vocational training, and a host of other arenas for action. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %E Matherly, Deborah %E Wolshon, Brian %E Renne, John %E Thomas, Roberta %E Nichols, Elisa %T A Transportation Guide for All-Hazards Emergency Evacuation %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22634/a-transportation-guide-for-all-hazards-emergency-evacuation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22634/a-transportation-guide-for-all-hazards-emergency-evacuation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 180 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 740: A Transportation Guide for All-Hazards Emergency Evacuation focuses on the transportation aspects of evacuation, particularly large-scale, multijurisdictional evacuation.The guidance, strategies, and tools in NCHRP Report 740 are based on an all-hazards approach that has applicability to a wide range of “notice” and “no-notice” emergency events. The report follows the basic planning steps of the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101. Each chapter parallels one of the six main CPG steps. Each chapter is further subdivided into smaller, discrete tasks, with cross-references to tools--such as templates or checklists--that are shown at the end of each chapter and are on a CD-ROM included with the print version of the report.The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.The contractor’s final report, which documents the development of the report, was published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 196. A PowerPoint presentation describing the entire project that resulted in NCHRP Report 740 is available for download.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Burke, Sheila P. %E Polsky, Daniel E. %E Geller, Amy B. %T Federal Policy to Advance Racial, Ethnic, and Tribal Health Equity %@ 978-0-309-69774-3 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26834/federal-policy-to-advance-racial-ethnic-and-tribal-health-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26834/federal-policy-to-advance-racial-ethnic-and-tribal-health-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 494 %X Racially and ethnically minoritized populations and tribal communities often face preventable inequities in health outcomes due to structural disadvantages and diminished opportunities around health care, employment, education, and more. Federal Policy to Advance Racial, Ethnic, and Tribal Health Equity analyzes how past and current federal policies may create, maintain, and/or amplify racial, ethnic, and tribal health inequities. This report identifies key features of policies that have served to reduce inequities and makes recommendations to help achieve racial, ethnic, and tribal health equity. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %T Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality: Measuring What Matters %@ 978-0-309-18623-0 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13084/child-and-adolescent-health-and-health-care-quality-measuring-what %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13084/child-and-adolescent-health-and-health-care-quality-measuring-what %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 360 %X Increasing public investments in health care services for low-income and special needs children and adolescents in the United States have raised questions about whether these efforts improve their health outcomes. Yet it is difficult to assess the general health status and health care quality for younger populations, especially those at risk of poor health outcomes, because the United States has no national information system that can provide timely, comprehensive, and reliable indicators in these areas for children and adolescents. Without such a system in place, it is difficult to know whether and how selected health care initiatives and programs contribute to children's health status. Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality identifies key advances in the development of pediatric health and health care quality measures, examines the capacity of existing federal data sets to support these measures, and considers related research activities focused on the development of new measures to address current gaps. This book posits the need for a comprehensive strategy to make better use of existing data, to integrate different data sources, and to develop new data sources and collection methods for unique populations. Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality looks closely at three areas: the nature, scope, and quality of existing data sources; gaps in measurement areas; and methodological areas that deserve attention. Child and Adolescent Health and Health Care Quality makes recommendations for improving and strengthening the timeliness, quality, public transparency, and accessibility of information on child health and health care quality. This book will be a vital resource for health officials at the local, state, and national levels, as well as private and public health care organizations and researchers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Protecting Individual Privacy in the Struggle Against Terrorists: A Framework for Program Assessment %@ 978-0-309-12488-1 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12452/protecting-individual-privacy-in-the-struggle-against-terrorists-a-framework %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12452/protecting-individual-privacy-in-the-struggle-against-terrorists-a-framework %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Surveys and Statistics %P 376 %X All U.S. agencies with counterterrorism programs that collect or "mine" personal data -- such as phone records or Web sites visited -- should be required to evaluate the programs' effectiveness, lawfulness, and impacts on privacy. A framework is offered that agencies can use to evaluate such information-based programs, both classified and unclassified. The book urges Congress to re-examine existing privacy law to assess how privacy can be protected in current and future programs and recommends that any individuals harmed by violations of privacy be given a meaningful form of redress. Two specific technologies are examined: data mining and behavioral surveillance. Regarding data mining, the book concludes that although these methods have been useful in the private sector for spotting consumer fraud, they are less helpful for counterterrorism because so little is known about what patterns indicate terrorist activity. Regarding behavioral surveillance in a counterterrorist context, the book concludes that although research and development on certain aspects of this topic are warranted, there is no scientific consensus on whether these techniques are ready for operational use at all in counterterrorism. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Graham, Robert %E Rivara, Frederick P. %E Ford, Morgan A. %E Spicer, Carol Mason %T Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture %@ 978-0-309-28800-2 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18377/sports-related-concussions-in-youth-improving-the-science-changing-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18377/sports-related-concussions-in-youth-improving-the-science-changing-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 356 %X In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Health Care Comes Home: The Human Factors %@ 978-0-309-21236-6 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13149/health-care-comes-home-the-human-factors %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13149/health-care-comes-home-the-human-factors %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 202 %X In the United States, health care devices, technologies, and practices are rapidly moving into the home. The factors driving this migration include the costs of health care, the growing numbers of older adults, the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and diseases and improved survival rates for people with those conditions and diseases, and a wide range of technological innovations. The health care that results varies considerably in its safety, effectiveness, and efficiency, as well as in its quality and cost. Health Care Comes Home reviews the state of current knowledge and practice about many aspects of health care in residential settings and explores the short- and long-term effects of emerging trends and technologies. By evaluating existing systems, the book identifies design problems and imbalances between technological system demands and the capabilities of users. Health Care Comes Home recommends critical steps to improve health care in the home. The book's recommendations cover the regulation of health care technologies, proper training and preparation for people who provide in-home care, and how existing housing can be modified and new accessible housing can be better designed for residential health care. The book also identifies knowledge gaps in the field and how these can be addressed through research and development initiatives. Health Care Comes Home lays the foundation for the integration of human health factors with the design and implementation of home health care devices, technologies, and practices. The book describes ways in which the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and federal housing agencies can collaborate to improve the quality of health care at home. It is also a valuable resource for residential health care providers and caregivers. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Durch, Jane S. %E Lohr, Kathleen N. %T Emergency Medical Services for Children %@ 978-0-309-04888-0 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2137/emergency-medical-services-for-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2137/emergency-medical-services-for-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 416 %X How can we meet the special needs of children for emergency medical services (EMS) when today's EMS systems are often unprepared for the challenge? This comprehensive overview of EMS for children (EMS-C) provides an answer by presenting a vision for tomorrow's EMS-C system and practical recommendations for attaining it. Drawing on many studies and examples, the volume explores why emergency care for children—from infants through adolescents—must differ from that for adults and describes what seriously ill or injured children generally experience in today's EMS systems. The book points the way to integrating EMS-C into current emergency programs and into broader aspects of health care for children. It gives recommendations for ensuring access to emergency care through the 9-1-1 system; training health professionals, from paramedics to physicians; educating the public; providing proper equipment, protocols, and referral systems; improving communications among EMS-C providers; enhancing data resources and expanding research efforts; and stimulating and supporting leadership in EMS-C at the federal and state levels. For those already deeply involved in EMS efforts, this volume is a convenient, up-to-date, and comprehensive source of information and ideas. More importantly, for anyone interested in improving the emergency services available to children—emergency care professionals from emergency medical technicians to nurses to physicians, hospital and EMS administrators, public officials, health educators, children's advocacy groups, concerned parents and other responsible adults—this timely volume provides a realistic plan for action to link EMS-C system components into a workable structure that will better serve all of the nation's children. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Forensic Analysis: Weighing Bullet Lead Evidence %@ 978-0-309-09079-7 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10924/forensic-analysis-weighing-bullet-lead-evidence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10924/forensic-analysis-weighing-bullet-lead-evidence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Engineering and Technology %P 226 %X Since the 1960s, testimony by representatives of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in thousands of criminal cases has relied on evidence from Compositional Analysis of Bullet Lead (CABL), a forensic technique that compares the elemental composition of bullets found at a crime scene to the elemental composition of bullets found in a suspect's possession. Different from ballistics techniques that compare striations on the barrel of a gun to those on a recovered bullet, CABL is used when no gun is recovered or when bullets are too small or mangled to observe striations. Forensic Analysis: Weighing Bullet Lead Evidence assesses the scientific validity of CABL, finding that the FBI should use a different statistical analysis for the technique and that, given variations in bullet manufacturing processes, expert witnesses should make clear the very limited conclusions that CABL results can support. The report also recommends that the FBI take additional measures to ensure the validity of CABL results, which include improving documentation, publishing details, and improving on training and oversight. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T For the Public's Health: The Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability %@ 978-0-309-16127-5 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13005/for-the-publics-health-the-role-of-measurement-in-action %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13005/for-the-publics-health-the-role-of-measurement-in-action %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 204 %X Despite having the costliest medical care delivery system in the world, Americans are not particularly healthy. Recent international comparisons show that life expectancy in the U.S. ranks 49th among all nations, and infant mortality rates are higher in the U.S. than in many far less affluent nations. While these statistics are alarming, the bigger problem is that we do not know how to reverse this trend. Our lack of knowledge is due in large part to significant inadequacies in the health system for gathering, analyzing, and communicating health information about the population. To inform the public health community and all other sectors that contribute to population health, For the Public's Health: The Role of Measurement in Action and Accountability reviews current approaches for measuring the health of individuals and communities and creates a roadmap for future development. This book, the first of three in a series, focuses on data and measurement-not as ends in themselves, but rather tools to inform the myriad programs, policies, and processes developed or undertaken by governmental public health agencies and their many partners in the health system. For the Public's Health seeks to reinstate the proper and evidence-based understanding of health as not merely the result of medical or clinical care but the result of the sum of what we do as a society to create the conditions in which people can be healthy. To achieve this goal, the book suggests changes in the processes, tools, and approaches used to gather information about health outcomes and their determinants. The book also recommends developing an integrated and coordinated system in which all parties-including governmental and private sector partners at all levels-have access to timely and meaningful data to help foster individual and community awareness and action. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Reiss, Albert J., Jr. %E Roth, Jeffrey A. %T Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 3: Social Influences %@ 978-0-309-05080-7 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4421/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-3-social-influences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4421/understanding-and-preventing-violence-volume-3-social-influences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 592 %X This volume examines social influences on violent events and violent behavior, particularly concentrating on how the risks of violent criminal offending and victimization are influenced by communities, social situations, and individuals; the role of spouses and intimates; the differences in violence levels between males and females; and the roles of psychoactive substances in violent events.