@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Building and Measuring Community Resilience: Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program", isbn = "978-0-309-48972-0", abstract = "The frequency and severity of disasters over the last few decades have presented unprecedented challenges for communities across the United States. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina exposed the complexity and breadth of a deadly combination of existing community stressors, aging infrastructure, and a powerful natural hazard. In many ways, the devastation of Hurricane Katrina was a turning point for understanding and managing disasters, as well as related plan making and policy formulation. It brought the phrase \"community resilience\" into the lexicon of disaster management.\nBuilding and Measuring Community Resilience: Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program summarizes the existing portfolio of relevant or related resilience measurement efforts and notes gaps and challenges associated with them. It describes how some communities build and measure resilience and offers four key actions that communities could take to build and measure their resilience in order to address gaps identified in current community resilience measurement efforts. This report also provides recommendations to the Gulf Research Program to build and measure resilience in the Gulf of Mexico region.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25383/building-and-measuring-community-resilience-actions-for-communities-and-the", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States", isbn = "978-0-309-48961-4", abstract = "Flooding is the natural hazard with the greatest economic and social impact in the United States, and these impacts are becoming more severe over time. Catastrophic flooding from recent hurricanes, including Superstorm Sandy in New York (2012) and Hurricane Harvey in Houston (2017), caused billions of dollars in property damage, adversely affected millions of people, and damaged the economic well-being of major metropolitan areas. Flooding takes a heavy toll even in years without a named storm or event. Major freshwater flood events from 2004 to 2014 cost an average of $9 billion in direct damage and 71 lives annually. These figures do not include the cumulative costs of frequent, small floods, which can be similar to those of infrequent extreme floods.\n\nFraming the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States contributes to existing knowledge by examining real-world examples in specific metropolitan areas. This report identifies commonalities and variances among the case study metropolitan areas in terms of causes, adverse impacts, unexpected problems in recovery, or effective mitigation strategies, as well as key themes of urban flooding. It also relates, as appropriate, causes and actions of urban flooding to existing federal resources or policies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25381/framing-the-challenge-of-urban-flooding-in-the-united-states", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Micah Lowenthal and Erin Mohres", title = "Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-68847-5", abstract = "To help prioritize among possible investments to improve the resilience of built infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico region, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a diverse group of experts for a 3-day interactive workshop on November 15, 16, and 18, 2021. This workshop was held as communities surrounding the Gulf continue to experience frequent, destructive disasters, some infrastructure in the region continues to degrade or fail from exceeded capacity and delayed maintenance and replacement, and climate change threatens previously unimagined impacts. The workshop, titled Investing in Resilient Infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico, demonstrated and refined a process to help inform recommendations for prioritizing infrastructure investments across sectors and anchored in the Gulf region energy industry. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26559/investing-in-resilient-infrastructure-in-the-gulf-of-mexico-proceedings", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Community-Driven Relocation: Recommendations for the U.S. Gulf Coast Region and Beyond", isbn = "978-0-309-70872-2", abstract = "Between 1980 and mid-2023, 232 billion-dollar disasters occurred in the U.S. Gulf Coast region, with the number of disasters doubling annually since 2018. The variety and frequency of storms have exacerbated historic inequalities and led to cycles of displacement and chronic stress for communities across the region. While disaster displacement is not a new phenomenon, the rapid escalation of climate-related disasters in the Gulf increases the urgency to develop pre-disaster policies to mitigate displacement and decrease suffering. Yet, neither the region nor the nation has a consistent and inclusionary process to address risks, raise awareness, or explore options for relocating communities away from environmental risks while seeking out and honoring their values and priorities.\nCommunity-Driven Relocation: Recommendations for the U.S. Gulf Coast Region and Beyond examines how people and infrastructure relocate and why community input should drive the planning process. This report provides recommendations to guide a path for federal, state, and local policies and programs to improve on and expand existing systems to better serve those most likely to be displaced by climate change.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27213/community-driven-relocation-recommendations-for-the-us-gulf-coast-region", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }