TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Sheena M. Posey Norris A2 - Bruce M. Altevogt TI - The Neuroscience of Gaming: Workshop in Brief DO - 10.17226/21695 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21695/the-neuroscience-of-gaming-workshop-in-brief PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - More than 1.2 billion people worldwide play video games (online, via console, mobile phone, and other wireless devices), and many may be unaware that programmers often incorporate neuroscience into game design. Given the high prevalence of gaming in today's society, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted the Social Issues Roundtable at the Society for Neuroscience annual meeting on November 16, 2014, in Washington, DC, to explore the neuroscience of video games, with emphasis on relevant scientific, ethical, and societal issues. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Alan I. Leshner A2 - Bruce M. Altevogt A2 - Arlene F. Lee A2 - Margaret A. McCoy A2 - Patrick W. Kelley TI - Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence SN - DO - 10.17226/18319 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18319/priorities-for-research-to-reduce-the-threat-of-firearm-related-violence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - In 2010, more than 105,000 people were injured or killed in the United States as the result of a firearm-related incident. Recent, highly publicized, tragic mass shootings in Newtown, CT; Aurora, CO; Oak Creek, WI; and Tucson, AZ, have sharpened the American public's interest in protecting our children and communities from the harmful effects of firearm violence. While many Americans legally use firearms for a variety of activities, fatal and nonfatal firearm violence poses a serious threat to public safety and welfare. In January 2013, President Barack Obama issued 23 executive orders directing federal agencies to improve knowledge of the causes of firearm violence, what might help prevent it, and how to minimize its burden on public health. One of these orders directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to, along with other federal agencies, immediately begin identifying the most pressing problems in firearm violence research. The CDC and the CDC Foundation asked the IOM, in collaboration with the National Research Council, to convene a committee tasked with developing a potential research agenda that focuses on the causes of, possible interventions to, and strategies to minimize the burden of firearm-related violence. Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence focuses on the characteristics of firearm violence, risk and protective factors, interventions and strategies, the impact of gun safety technology, and the influence of video games and other media. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Modeling and Simulation: Linking Entertainment and Defense SN - DO - 10.17226/5830 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5830/modeling-and-simulation-linking-entertainment-and-defense PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - The entertainment industry and the U.S. Department of Defense—though differing widely in their motivations, objectives, and cultures—share a common, growing interest in modeling and simulation. In entertainment, modeling and simulation technologies drive multi-billion dollar markets in video games, virtual reality attractions and theme parks, and film. In DOD, modeling and simulation provides a cost-effective means of training troops, developing doctrine and tactics, and evaluating new and upgraded systems. Modeling and Simulation explores both entertainment and military applications of modeling and simulation technology and examines ways in which the two communities can better leverage each others capabilities to strengthen the overall technology base. It identifies common research challenges in immersive synthetic environments, networked simulation, and computer-generated characters, as well as the hardware and software tools needed to create simulated environments. The book also discusses the differences in the business models of the entertainment and defense communities and addresses the need for continued support of multidisciplinary educational and research initiatives in modeling and simulation. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Reinventing Schools: The Technology is Now! DO - 10.17226/9485 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9485/reinventing-schools-the-technology-is-now PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Today's children have grown up immersed in a world of computers and other information technologies. They play video games; they listen to music on digital compact disks; they help their families program the computerized controls of videocassette players. With all of the exciting innovations in computer technology, children have the opportunity to gain a wealth of knowledge without ever leaving home. Schools by comparison can seem dull. Education reformers have been developing new approaches for improving the way in which children learn and interact in the classroom. They now must consider the "technology gap" that exists between the technologically rich experiences children have outside the classroom and the comparatively low-tech, in-school environment. The aim is not just to outfit more classrooms with computers. Schools should be changed so that they encompass and guide out-of-school activities that already embrace technology. Not only is this vision possible, it also is feasible, according to Reinventing Schools. This document, available only as an on-line publication, is based on a meeting at which hundreds of leaders -from government, education, and the entertainment and information technology industries-developed strategies for reinvigorating the K-12 educational process by integrating the school experience with the information technology that has captured children's imaginations. Funding for the project was provided by the National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Academy Industry Program of the National Research Council, Coca-Cola Endowment Fund of the National Research Council, and Kellogg Endowment Fund of the National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine. This is a web-only publication available at: http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/techgap/welcome.html. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Women's Adventures in Science Seven-Volume Set SN - DO - 10.17226/18943 PY - 0 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18943/womens-adventures-in-science-seven-volume-set PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biography and Autobiography AB - What would it be like to build the first robot that could interact with people? Or to study human remains in search of criminal evidence? In Women's Adventures in Science, readers will learn about the trailblazing women who are leaders in a variety of scientific fields, from robotics to forensics. Each book focuses on the life and work of a woman active in her field today, providing readers with insights into the personal and professional paths that led to their careers in science. The companion Web site, www.iwaswondering.org, offers another way to "meet" these inspiring women scientists. The fun, interactive site builds on the content of the books and includes games, comic strips, videos, activities, and a timeline of women in science. Three titles from the original Women's Adventures in Science series, Strong Force, Beyond Jupiter, and Forecast Earth, are no longer available. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Alexandra Beatty TI - Studying Media Effects on Children and Youth: Improving Methods and Measures: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11706 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11706/studying-media-effects-on-children-and-youth-improving-methods-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - The presence and intensity of media influences television, radio, music, computers, films, videos, and the Internet are increasingly recognized as an important part of the social ecology of children and youth, and these influences have become more visible and volatile in recent decades. Research that explores the level and effects of media influences calls for measurements of the quantity and character of exposure to a variety of potentially overlapping media sources, an analysis of the content of the media output, and examination of the social context and relationships that are associated with the media experience. Recognizing the importance of this research, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, under the auspices of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, and with the sponsorship of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, held a workshop in March 2006. Its purpose was twofold: to examine the quality of the measures used in studies of the effects of media on children's health and development and to identify gaps in both research and practice. The goal was for a variety of experts to consider steps and strategies that could move this research forward and improve its utility for helping parents, practitioners, and policy makers guide young people in navigating a media-rich environment. Studying Media Effects on Children and Youth provides a summary of that discussion, supplemented with information from two papers prepared for the workshop. It begins with an examination of the potential impact of media exposure, followed by a description of the basic research questions and the methods currently used to study them. Methodological questions and challenges and theoretical approaches are described; they are discussed from the perspective of other kinds of epidemiological research. This report closes with a discussion of future directions for the field. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2006 Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/11827 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11827/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This volume includes 15 papers from the National Academy of Engineering's 2006 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering (USFOE) Symposium held in September 2006. USFOE meetings bring together 100 outstanding engineers (ages 30 to 45) to exchange information about leading-edge technologies in a range of engineering fields. The 2006 symposium covered four topic areas: intelligent software systems and machines, the nano/bio interface, engineering personal mobility for the 21st century, and supply chain management. A paper by dinner speaker Dr. W. Dale Compton, Lillian M. Gilbreth Distinguished Professor of Industrial Engineering, Emeritus, is also included. The papers describe leading-edge research on commercializing auditory neuroscience, future developments in bionanotechnology, sustainable urban transportation, and managing disruptions to supply chains, among other topics. Appendixes include information about contributors, the symposium program, and a list of meeting participants. This is the twelfth volume in the USFOE series. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Janet Weisenford A2 - Brian Cronin A2 - Skilan Ortiz A2 - Elora Majumdar A2 - Chelsey Thompson A2 - Jessica Jenkins A2 - Chris Riches A2 - Crystal Heasley A2 - Brock Wolf A2 - Diana Long A2 - Alex Bond A2 - Ream Lazaro A2 - Valerie Lazaro TI - Transit Technical Training, Volume 1: Guide to Applying Best Practices and Sharing Resources DO - 10.17226/25157 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25157/transit-technical-training-volume-1-guide-to-applying-best-practices-and-sharing-resources PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Report 199: Transit Technical Training, Volume 1: Guide to Applying Best Practices and Sharing Resources documents the best models of technical training programs serving U.S. and international transportation agencies and related industries.A product of this research also includes a training resource catalog to help transit agencies provide technical training for their employees. Training course information listed includes course descriptions, objectives, target audience, length, cost, training standards, and directions on how to access the course. The training resource catalog is available at https://ntrb.enotrans.org/.TCRP Research Report 199: Transit Technical Training is a two-volume set that presents guidance on technical training programs and the implementation of those for transportation agencies. The report's second volume, Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Implementing Best and Innovative Training, provides public transportation agencies with best practices, strategies, and resources to assist with the implementation of effective and innovative training programs and techniques for frontline employees.Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Margaret A. Honey A2 - Margaret L. Hilton TI - Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations SN - DO - 10.17226/13078 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13078/learning-science-through-computer-games-and-simulations PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - At a time when scientific and technological competence is vital to the nation's future, the weak performance of U.S. students in science reflects the uneven quality of current science education. Although young children come to school with innate curiosity and intuitive ideas about the world around them, science classes rarely tap this potential. Many experts have called for a new approach to science education, based on recent and ongoing research on teaching and learning. In this approach, simulations and games could play a significant role by addressing many goals and mechanisms for learning science: the motivation to learn science, conceptual understanding, science process skills, understanding of the nature of science, scientific discourse and argumentation, and identification with science and science learning. To explore this potential, Learning Science: Computer Games, Simulations, and Education, reviews the available research on learning science through interaction with digital simulations and games. It considers the potential of digital games and simulations to contribute to learning science in schools, in informal out-of-school settings, and everyday life. The book also identifies the areas in which more research and research-based development is needed to fully capitalize on this potential. Learning Science will guide academic researchers; developers, publishers, and entrepreneurs from the digital simulation and gaming community; and education practitioners and policy makers toward the formation of research and development partnerships that will facilitate rich intellectual collaboration. Industry, government agencies and foundations will play a significant role through start-up and ongoing support to ensure that digital games and simulations will not only excite and entertain, but also motivate and educate. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Heather Breiner A2 - Lynn Parker A2 - Steve Olson TI - Challenges and Opportunities for Change in Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18274 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18274/challenges-and-opportunities-for-change-in-food-marketing-to-children-and-youth PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - The childhood obesity epidemic is an urgent public health problem. The most recent data available show that nearly 19 percent of boys and about 15 percent of girls aged 2-19 are obese, and almost a third of U.S. children and adolescents are overweight or obese (Ogden et al., 2012). The obesity epidemic will continue to take a substantial toll on the health of Americans. In the midst of this epidemic, children are exposed to an enormous amount of commercial advertising and marketing for food. In 2009, children aged 2-11 saw an average of more than 10 television food ads per day (Powell et al., 2011). Children see and hear advertising and marketing messages for food through many other channels as well, including radio, movies, billboards, and print media. Most notably, many new digital media venues and vehicles for food marketing have emerged in recent years, including Internet-based advergames, couponing on cell phones, and marketing on social networks, and much of this advertising is invisible to parents. The marketing of high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and beverages is linked to overweight and obesity. A major 2006 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) documents evidence that television advertising influences the food and beverage preferences, requests, and short-term consumption of children aged 2-11 (IOM, 2006). Challenges and Opportunities for Change in Food Marketing to Children and Youth also documents a body of evidence showing an association of television advertising with the adiposity of children and adolescents aged 2-18. The report notes the prevailing pattern that food and beverage products marketed to children and youth are often high in calories, fat, sugar, and sodium; are of low nutritional value; and tend to be from food groups Americans are already overconsuming. Furthermore, marketing messages that promote nutrition, healthful foods, or physical activity are scarce (IOM, 2006). To review progress and explore opportunities for action on food and beverage marketing that targets children and youth, the IOM's Standing Committee on Childhood Obesity Prevention held a workshop in Washington, DC, on November 5, 2012, titled "New Challenges and Opportunities in Food Marketing to Children and Youth." ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Changing the Conversation: Messages for Improving Public Understanding of Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/12187 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12187/changing-the-conversation-messages-for-improving-public-understanding-of-engineering PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Can the United States continue to lead the world in innovation? The answer may hinge in part on how well the public understands engineering, a key component of the 'innovation engine'. A related concern is how to encourage young people--particularly girls and under-represented minorities--to consider engineering as a career option. Changing the Conversation provides actionable strategies and market-tested messages for presenting a richer, more positive image of engineering. This book presents and discusses in detail market research about what the public finds most appealing about engineering--as well as what turns the public off. Changing the Conversation is a vital tool for improving the public image of engineering and outreach efforts related to engineering. It will be used by engineers in professional and academic settings including informal learning environments (such as museums and science centers), engineering schools, national engineering societies, technology-based corporations that support education and other outreach to schools and communities, and federal and state agencies and labs that do or promote engineering, technology, and science. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Continuing Innovation in Information Technology SN - DO - 10.17226/13427 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13427/continuing-innovation-in-information-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, employment, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economy-both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)—continue to grow in size and importance. In 1995, the National Research Council's Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) produced the report Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure. A graphic in that report, often called the "tire tracks" diagram because of its appearance, produced an extraordinary response by clearly linking government investments in academic and industry research to the ultimate creation of new information technology industries with more than $1 billion in annual revenue. Used in presentations to Congress and executive branch decision makers and discussed broadly in the research and innovation policy communities, the tire tracks figure dispelled the assumption that the commercially successful IT industry is self-sufficient, underscoring through long incubation periods of years and even decades. The figure was updated in 2002, 2003, and 2009 reports produced by the CSTB. With the support of the National Science Foundation, CSTB updated the tire tracks figure. Continuing Innovation in Information Technology includes the updated figure and a brief text based in large part on prior CSTB reports. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Tal Oron-Gilad TI - Interfaces for Ground and Air Military Robots: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11251 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11251/interfaces-for-ground-and-air-military-robots-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Engineering and Technology AB - In the early years of robotics and automated vehicles, the fight was against nature and not against a manifestly intelligent opponent. In military environments, however, where prediction and anticipation are complicated by the existence of an intelligent adversary, it is essential to retain human operators in the control loop. Future combat systems will require operators to control and monitor aerial and ground robotic systems and to act as part of larger teams coordinating diverse robotic systems over multiple echelons. The National Research Council organized a workshop to identify the most important human-related research and design issues from both the engineering and human factors perspectives, and develop a list of fruitful research directions. Interfaces for Ground and Air Military Robots summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Keeping the U.S. Computer and Communications Industry Competitive: Convergence of Computing, Communications, and Entertainment SN - DO - 10.17226/4813 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4813/keeping-the-us-computer-and-communications-industry-competitive-convergence-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Interactive multimedia and information infrastructure receive a lot of attention in the press, but what do they really mean for society? What are the most significant and enduring innovations? What does the convergence of digitally based technologies mean for U.S. businesses and consumers? This book presents an overview of the exciting but much-hyped phenomenon of digital convergence. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sandro Galea A2 - Gillian J. Buckley A2 - Alexis Wojtowicz TI - Social Media and Adolescent Health SN - DO - 10.17226/27396 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27396/social-media-and-adolescent-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Social media has been fully integrated into the lives of most adolescents in the U.S., raising concerns among parents, physicians, public health officials, and others about its effect on mental and physical health. Over the past year, an ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined the research and produced this detailed report exploring that effect and laying out recommendations for policymakers, regulators, industry, and others in an effort to maximize the good and minimize the bad. Focus areas include platform design, transparency and accountability, digital media literacy among young people and adults, online harassment, and supporting researchers. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2012 Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/18185 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18185/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This volume highlights the papers presented at the National Academy of Engineering's 2012 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year, the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and technical work. The 2012 symposium was held September 13-15, and hosted by General Motors at the GM Technical Center in Warren, Michigan. Speakers were asked to prepare extended summaries of their presentations, which are reprinted here. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight cutting-edge developments in engineering research and technical work. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - 2005 "Rising Above the Gathering Storm" Committee TI - Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 5: Condensed Version DO - 10.17226/13151 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13151/rising-above-the-gathering-storm-revisited-rapidly-approaching-category-5 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - AB - In 2005 the National Academies released Rising Above the Gathering Storm, a book focused on the ability of all Americans to compete for quality jobs in the evolving global economy. Rising Above the Gathering Storm concluded that a primary driver of the future economy and concomitant creation of jobs in the 21st century will be innovation, largely derived from advances in science and engineering. It proposed four overarching recommendations, underpinned by 20 specific implementing actions. The America COMPETES Act approved many of the recommendations set forth in Rising Above the Gathering Storm. In 2010, the National Academies released Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited, an updated volume that outlines the work of the government and the private sector in the past five years. This volume also presents a series of thought-provoking factoids about the state of science and innovation in America. It asserts that the 20 actions previously endorsed should be fully implemented. This report is a condensed version of Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Caroline M. Cilio A2 - Tracy A. Lustig TI - Artificial Intelligence Applications for Older Adults and People with Disabilities: Balancing Safety and Autonomy: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25427 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25427/artificial-intelligence-applications-for-older-adults-and-people-with-disabilities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - On October 24, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled Artificial Intel¬ligence Applications for Older Adults and People with Disabilities: Balancing Safety and Autonomy. This workshop examined the state of the art and knowledge about artificial intelligence and explored its potential to foster a balance of safety and autonomy for older adults and people with disabilities who strive to live as independently as possible. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Mark H. Moore A2 - Carol V. Petrie A2 - Anthony A. Braga A2 - Brenda L. McLaughlin TI - Deadly Lessons: Understanding Lethal School Violence SN - DO - 10.17226/10370 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10370/deadly-lessons-understanding-lethal-school-violence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The shooting at Columbine High School riveted national attention on violence in the nation's schools. This dramatic example signaled an implicit and growing fear that these events would continue to occur—and even escalate in scale and severity. How do we make sense of the tragedy of a school shooting or even draw objective conclusions from these incidents? Deadly Lessons is the outcome of the National Research Council's unique effort to glean lessons from six case studies of lethal student violence. These are powerful stories of parents and teachers and troubled youths, presenting the tragic complexity of the young shooter's social and personal circumstances in rich detail. The cases point to possible causes of violence and suggest where interventions may be most effective. Readers will come away with a better understanding of the potential threat, how violence might be prevented, and how healing might be promoted in affected communities. For each case study, Deadly Lessons relates events leading up to the violence, provides quotes from personal interviews about the incident, and explores the impact on the community. The case studies center on: Two separate incidents in East New York in which three students were killed and a teacher was seriously wounded. A shooting on the south side of Chicago in which one youth was killed and two wounded. A shooting into a prayer group at a Kentucky high school in which three students were killed. The killing of four students and a teacher and the wounding of 10 others at an Arkansas middle school. The shooting of a popular science teacher by a teenager in Edinboro, Pennsylvania. A suspected copycat of Columbine in which six students were wounded in Georgia. For everyone who puzzles over these terrible incidents, Deadly Lessons offers a fresh perspective on the most fundamental of questions: Why? ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - J. Michael McGinnis A2 - Jennifer Appleton Gootman A2 - Vivica I. Kraak TI - Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity? SN - DO - 10.17226/11514 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11514/food-marketing-to-children-and-youth-threat-or-opportunity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Creating an environment in which children in the United States grow up healthy should be a high priority for the nation. Yet the prevailing pattern of food and beverage marketing to children in America represents, at best, a missed opportunity, and at worst, a direct threat to the health prospects of the next generation. Children’s dietary and related health patterns are shaped by the interplay of many factors—their biologic affinities, their culture and values, their economic status, their physical and social environments, and their commercial media environments—all of which, apart from their genetic predispositions, have undergone significant transformations during the past three decades. Among these environments, none have more rapidly assumed central socializing roles among children and youth than the media. With the growth in the variety and the penetration of the media have come a parallel growth with their use for marketing, including the marketing of food and beverage products. What impact has food and beverage marketing had on the dietary patterns and health status of American children? The answer to this question has the potential to shape a generation and is the focus of Food Marketing to Children and Youth. This book will be of interest to parents, federal and state government agencies, educators and schools, health care professionals, industry companies, industry trade groups, media, and those involved in community and consumer advocacy. ER -