@BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Sheena M. Posey Norris and Bruce M. Altevogt", title = "The Neuroscience of Gaming: Workshop in Brief", abstract = "More than 1.2 billion people worldwide play video games (online, via console, mobile phone, and other wireless devices), and many may be unaware that programmers often incorporate neuroscience into game design. Given the high prevalence of gaming in today's society, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted the Social Issues Roundtable at the Society for Neuroscience annual meeting on November 16, 2014, in Washington, DC, to explore the neuroscience of video games, with emphasis on relevant scientific, ethical, and societal issues.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21695/the-neuroscience-of-gaming-workshop-in-brief", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Alan I. Leshner and Bruce M. Altevogt and Arlene F. Lee and Margaret A. McCoy and Patrick W. Kelley", title = "Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence", isbn = "978-0-309-28438-7", abstract = "In 2010, more than 105,000 people were injured or killed in the United States as the result of a firearm-related incident. Recent, highly publicized, tragic mass shootings in Newtown, CT; Aurora, CO; Oak Creek, WI; and Tucson, AZ, have sharpened the American public's interest in protecting our children and communities from the harmful effects of firearm violence. While many Americans legally use firearms for a variety of activities, fatal and nonfatal firearm violence poses a serious threat to public safety and welfare.\n\nIn January 2013, President Barack Obama issued 23 executive orders directing federal agencies to improve knowledge of the causes of firearm violence, what might help prevent it, and how to minimize its burden on public health. One of these orders directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to, along with other federal agencies, immediately begin identifying the most pressing problems in firearm violence research. The CDC and the CDC Foundation asked the IOM, in collaboration with the National Research Council, to convene a committee tasked with developing a potential research agenda that focuses on the causes of, possible interventions to, and strategies to minimize the burden of firearm-related violence. Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence focuses on the characteristics of firearm violence, risk and protective factors, interventions and strategies, the impact of gun safety technology, and the influence of video games and other media.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18319/priorities-for-research-to-reduce-the-threat-of-firearm-related-violence", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Reinventing Schools: The Technology is Now!", abstract = "Today's children have grown up immersed in a world of computers and other information technologies. They play video games; they listen to music on digital compact disks; they help their families program the computerized controls of videocassette players. With all of the exciting innovations in computer technology, children have the opportunity to gain a wealth of knowledge without ever leaving home. Schools by comparison can seem dull.\nEducation reformers have been developing new approaches for improving the way in which children learn and interact in the classroom. They now must consider the \"technology gap\" that exists between the technologically rich experiences children have outside the classroom and the comparatively low-tech, in-school environment. The aim is not just to outfit more classrooms with computers. Schools should be changed so that they encompass and guide out-of-school activities that already embrace technology.\nNot only is this vision possible, it also is feasible, according to Reinventing Schools. This document, available only as an on-line publication, is based on a meeting at which hundreds of leaders -from government, education, and the entertainment and information technology industries-developed strategies for reinvigorating the K-12 educational process by integrating the school experience with the information technology that has captured children's imaginations.\nFunding for the project was provided by the National Science Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Academy Industry Program of the National Research Council, Coca-Cola Endowment Fund of the National Research Council, and Kellogg Endowment Fund of the National Academy of Sciences and Institute of Medicine.\nThis is a web-only publication available at:\n http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/readingroom\/books\/techgap\/welcome.html.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9485/reinventing-schools-the-technology-is-now", year = 1995, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Modeling and Simulation: Linking Entertainment and Defense", isbn = "978-0-309-05842-1", abstract = "The entertainment industry and the U.S. Department of Defense\u2014though differing widely in their motivations, objectives, and cultures\u2014share a common, growing interest in modeling and simulation. In entertainment, modeling and simulation technologies drive multi-billion dollar markets in video games, virtual reality attractions and theme parks, and film. In DOD, modeling and simulation provides a cost-effective means of training troops, developing doctrine and tactics, and evaluating new and upgraded systems. Modeling and Simulation explores both entertainment and military applications of modeling and simulation technology and examines ways in which the two communities can better leverage each others capabilities to strengthen the overall technology base. It identifies common research challenges in immersive synthetic environments, networked simulation, and computer-generated characters, as well as the hardware and software tools needed to create simulated environments. The book also discusses the differences in the business models of the entertainment and defense communities and addresses the need for continued support of multidisciplinary educational and research initiatives in modeling and simulation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5830/modeling-and-simulation-linking-entertainment-and-defense", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Women's Adventures in Science Seven-Volume Set", isbn = "978-0-309-31195-3", abstract = "What would it be like to build the first robot that could interact with people? Or to study human remains in search of criminal evidence?\nIn Women's Adventures in Science, readers will learn about the trailblazing women who are leaders in a variety of scientific fields, from robotics to forensics. Each book focuses on the life and work of a woman active in her field today, providing readers with insights into the personal and professional paths that led to their careers in science. The companion Web site, www.iwaswondering.org, offers another way to \"meet\" these inspiring women scientists. The fun, interactive site builds on the content of the books and includes games, comic strips, videos, activities, and a timeline of women in science.\nThree titles from the original Women's Adventures in Science series, Strong Force, Beyond Jupiter, and Forecast Earth, are no longer available.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18943/womens-adventures-in-science-seven-volume-set", year = 0, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Janet Weisenford and Brian Cronin and Skilan Ortiz and Elora Majumdar and Chelsey Thompson and Jessica Jenkins and Chris Riches and Crystal Heasley and Brock Wolf and Diana Long and Alex Bond and Ream Lazaro and Valerie Lazaro", title = "Transit Technical Training, Volume 1: Guide to Applying Best Practices and Sharing Resources", abstract = "TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Report 199: Transit Technical Training, Volume 1: Guide to Applying Best Practices and Sharing Resources documents the best models of technical training programs serving U.S. and international transportation agencies and related industries.A product of this research also includes a training resource catalog to help transit agencies provide technical training for their employees. Training course information listed includes course descriptions, objectives, target audience, length, cost, training standards, and directions on how to access the course. The training resource catalog is available at https:\/\/ntrb.enotrans.org\/.TCRP Research Report 199: Transit Technical Training is a two-volume set that presents guidance on technical training programs and the implementation of those for transportation agencies. The report's second volume, Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Implementing Best and Innovative Training, provides public transportation agencies with best practices, strategies, and resources to assist with the implementation of effective and innovative training programs and techniques for frontline employees.Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively \"TRB\") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25157/transit-technical-training-volume-1-guide-to-applying-best-practices-and-sharing-resources", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review", isbn = "978-0-309-06571-9", abstract = "As states have moved from merely tolerating gambling to running their own games, as communities have increasingly turned to gambling for an economic boost, important questions arise. Has the new age of gambling increased the proportion of pathological or problem gamblers in the U.S. population? Where is the threshold between \"social betting\" and pathology? Is there a real threat to our families, communities, and the larger society? Pathological Gambling explores America's experience of gambling, examining:\n\n The diverse and frequently controversial issues surrounding the definition of pathological gambling.\n Its co-occurrence with disorders such as alcoholism, drug abuse, and depression.\n Its social characteristics and economic consequences, both good and bad, for communities.\n The role of video gaming, Internet gambling, and other technologies in the development of gambling problems.\n Treatment approaches and their effectiveness, from Gambler's Anonymous to cognitive therapy to pharmacology.\n\nThis book provides the most up-to-date information available on the prevalence of pathological and problem gambling in the United States, including a look at populations that may have a particular vulnerability to gambling: women, adolescents, and minority populations. Its describes the effects of problem gambling on families, friendships, employment, finances, and propensity to crime.\nHow do pathological gamblers perceive and misperceive randomness and chance? What are the causal pathways to pathological gambling? What do genetics, brain imaging, and other studies tell us about the biology of gambling? Is there a bit of sensation-seeking in all of us? Who needs treatment? What do we know about the effectiveness of different policies for dealing with pathological gambling? The book reviews the available facts and frames the intriguing questions yet to be answered.\nPathological Gambling will be the odds-on favorite for anyone interested in gambling in America: policymakers, public officials, economics and social researchers, treatment professionals, and concerned gamblers and their families.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6329/pathological-gambling-a-critical-review", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Engineering", title = "Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2006 Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-10339-8", abstract = "This volume includes 15 papers from the National Academy of Engineering's 2006 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering (USFOE) Symposium held in September 2006. USFOE meetings bring together 100 outstanding engineers (ages 30 to 45) to exchange information about leading-edge technologies in a range of engineering fields. The 2006 symposium covered four topic areas: intelligent software systems and machines, the nano\/bio interface, engineering personal mobility for the 21st century, and supply chain management. A paper by dinner speaker Dr. W. Dale Compton, Lillian M. Gilbreth Distinguished Professor of Industrial Engineering, Emeritus, is also included. The papers describe leading-edge research on commercializing auditory neuroscience, future developments in bionanotechnology, sustainable urban transportation, and managing disruptions to supply chains, among other topics. Appendixes include information about contributors, the symposium program, and a list of meeting participants. This is the twelfth volume in the USFOE series.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11827/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council and Institute of Medicine", editor = "Alexandra Beatty", title = "Studying Media Effects on Children and Youth: Improving Methods and Measures: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-10275-9", abstract = "The presence and intensity of media influences television, radio, music, computers, films, videos, and the Internet are increasingly recognized as an important part of the social ecology of children and youth, and these influences have become more visible and volatile in recent decades. Research that explores the level and effects of media influences calls for measurements of the quantity and character of exposure to a variety of potentially overlapping media sources, an analysis of the content of the media output, and examination of the social context and relationships that are associated with the media experience.\n\nRecognizing the importance of this research, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, under the auspices of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, and with the sponsorship of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, held a workshop in March 2006. Its purpose was twofold: to examine the quality of the measures used in studies of the effects of media on children's health and development and to identify gaps in both research and practice. The goal was for a variety of experts to consider steps and strategies that could move this research forward and improve its utility for helping parents, practitioners, and policy makers guide young people in navigating a media-rich environment.\n\nStudying Media Effects on Children and Youth provides a summary of that discussion, supplemented with information from two papers prepared for the workshop. It begins with an examination of the potential impact of media exposure, followed by a description of the basic research questions and the methods currently used to study them. Methodological questions and challenges and theoretical approaches are described; they are discussed from the perspective of other kinds of epidemiological research. This report closes with a discussion of future directions for the field.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11706/studying-media-effects-on-children-and-youth-improving-methods-and", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Keeping the U.S. Computer and Communications Industry Competitive: Convergence of Computing, Communications, and Entertainment", isbn = "978-0-309-05089-0", abstract = "Interactive multimedia and information infrastructure receive a lot of attention in the press, but what do they really mean for society? What are the most significant and enduring innovations? What does the convergence of digitally based technologies mean for U.S. businesses and consumers? This book presents an overview of the exciting but much-hyped phenomenon of digital convergence.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4813/keeping-the-us-computer-and-communications-industry-competitive-convergence-of", year = 1995, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Margaret A. Honey and Margaret L. Hilton", title = "Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations", isbn = "978-0-309-18523-3", abstract = "At a time when scientific and technological competence is vital to the nation's future, the weak performance of U.S. students in science reflects the uneven quality of current science education. Although young children come to school with innate curiosity and intuitive ideas about the world around them, science classes rarely tap this potential. Many experts have called for a new approach to science education, based on recent and ongoing research on teaching and learning. In this approach, simulations and games could play a significant role by addressing many goals and mechanisms for learning science: the motivation to learn science, conceptual understanding, science process skills, understanding of the nature of science, scientific discourse and argumentation, and identification with science and science learning. \nTo explore this potential, Learning Science: Computer Games, Simulations, and Education, reviews the available research on learning science through interaction with digital simulations and games. It considers the potential of digital games and simulations to contribute to learning science in schools, in informal out-of-school settings, and everyday life. The book also identifies the areas in which more research and research-based development is needed to fully capitalize on this potential.\nLearning Science will guide academic researchers; developers, publishers, and entrepreneurs from the digital simulation and gaming community; and education practitioners and policy makers toward the formation of research and development partnerships that will facilitate rich intellectual collaboration. Industry, government agencies and foundations will play a significant role through start-up and ongoing support to ensure that digital games and simulations will not only excite and entertain, but also motivate and educate.\n\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13078/learning-science-through-computer-games-and-simulations", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Heather Breiner and Lynn Parker and Steve Olson", title = "Challenges and Opportunities for Change in Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-26953-7", abstract = "The childhood obesity epidemic is an urgent public health problem. The most recent data available show that nearly 19 percent of boys and about 15 percent of girls aged 2-19 are obese, and almost a third of U.S. children and adolescents are overweight or obese (Ogden et al., 2012). The obesity epidemic will continue to take a substantial toll on the health of Americans. In the midst of this epidemic, children are exposed to an enormous amount of commercial advertising and marketing for food. In 2009, children aged 2-11 saw an average of more than 10 television food ads per day (Powell et al., 2011). Children see and hear advertising and marketing messages for food through many other channels as well, including radio, movies, billboards, and print media. Most notably, many new digital media venues and vehicles for food marketing have emerged in recent years, including Internet-based advergames, couponing on cell phones, and marketing on social networks, and much of this advertising is invisible to parents.\nThe marketing of high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and beverages is linked to overweight and obesity. A major 2006 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) documents evidence that television advertising influences the food and beverage preferences, requests, and short-term consumption of children aged 2-11 (IOM, 2006). Challenges and Opportunities for Change in Food Marketing to Children and Youth also documents a body of evidence showing an association of television advertising with the adiposity of children and adolescents aged 2-18. The report notes the prevailing pattern that food and beverage products marketed to children and youth are often high in calories, fat, sugar, and sodium; are of low nutritional value; and tend to be from food groups Americans are already overconsuming. Furthermore, marketing messages that promote nutrition, healthful foods, or physical activity are scarce (IOM, 2006). To review progress and explore opportunities for action on food and beverage marketing that targets children and youth, the IOM's Standing Committee on Childhood Obesity Prevention held a workshop in Washington, DC, on November 5, 2012, titled \"New Challenges and Opportunities in Food Marketing to Children and Youth.\"", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18274/challenges-and-opportunities-for-change-in-food-marketing-to-children-and-youth", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Caroline M. Cilio and Tracy A. Lustig", title = "Artificial Intelligence Applications for Older Adults and People with Disabilities: Balancing Safety and Autonomy: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "On October 24, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled Artificial Intel\u00acligence Applications for Older Adults and People with Disabilities: Balancing Safety and Autonomy. This workshop examined the state of the art and knowledge about artificial intelligence and explored its potential to foster a balance of safety and autonomy for older adults and people with disabilities who strive to live as independently as possible. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25427/artificial-intelligence-applications-for-older-adults-and-people-with-disabilities", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", title = "Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2012 Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-31281-3", abstract = "This volume highlights the papers presented at the National Academy of Engineering's 2012 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year, the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and technical work. The 2012 symposium was held September 13-15, and hosted by General Motors at the GM Technical Center in Warren, Michigan. Speakers were asked to prepare extended summaries of their presentations, which are reprinted here. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight cutting-edge developments in engineering research and technical work.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18185/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Sandro Galea and Gillian J. Buckley and Alexis Wojtowicz", title = "Social Media and Adolescent Health", isbn = "978-0-309-71316-0", abstract = "Social media has been fully integrated into the lives of most adolescents in the U.S., raising concerns among parents, physicians, public health officials, and others about its effect on mental and physical health. Over the past year, an ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined the research and produced this detailed report exploring that effect and laying out recommendations for policymakers, regulators, industry, and others in an effort to maximize the good and minimize the bad. Focus areas include platform design, transparency and accountability, digital media literacy among young people and adults, online harassment, and supporting researchers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27396/social-media-and-adolescent-health", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", editor = "Ryan C. Davison", title = "Engineering Curricula: Understanding the Design Space and Exploiting the Opportunities: Summary of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-14831-3", abstract = "In April 2009 a workshop was held to explore how engineering curricula could be enhanced to better prepare future engineers. The workshop, summarized in this volume, included individuals from industry, academia, government agencies, and professional societies.\nDuring the workshop participants addressed the rationale for the scope and sequence of current engineering curricula, considering both the positive aspects as well as those aspects that have outlived their usefulness. Other topics of discussion included the potential to enhance engineering curricula through creative uses of instructional technologies; the importance of inquiry-based activities as well as authentic learning experiences grounded in real world contexts; and the opportunities provided by looking more deeply at what personal and professional outcomes result from studying engineering.\nGeneral themes that appeared to underlie the workshop attendees' discussions included desires to (a) restructure engineering curricula to focus on inductive teaching and learning, (b) apply integrated, just-in-time learning of relevant topics across STEM fields, and (c) make more extensive use and implementation of learning technologies. During breakout discussions, many additional suggestions were offered for means by which to facilitate curricular innovation. \n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12824/engineering-curricula-understanding-the-design-space-and-exploiting-the-opportunities", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Tal Oron-Gilad", title = "Interfaces for Ground and Air Military Robots: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-09606-5", abstract = "In the early years of robotics and automated vehicles, the fight was against nature and not against a manifestly intelligent opponent. In military environments, however, where prediction and anticipation are complicated by the existence of an intelligent adversary, it is essential to retain human operators in the control loop. Future combat systems will require operators to control and monitor aerial and ground robotic systems and to act as part of larger teams coordinating diverse robotic systems over multiple echelons. The National Research Council organized a workshop to identify the most important human-related research and design issues from both the engineering and human factors perspectives, and develop a list of fruitful research directions. Interfaces for Ground and Air Military Robots summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11251/interfaces-for-ground-and-air-military-robots-workshop-summary", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", title = "Changing the Conversation: Messages for Improving Public Understanding of Engineering", isbn = "978-0-309-11934-4", abstract = "Can the United States continue to lead the world in innovation? The answer may hinge in part on how well the public understands engineering, a key component of the 'innovation engine'. A related concern is how to encourage young people--particularly girls and under-represented minorities--to consider engineering as a career option.\nChanging the Conversation provides actionable strategies and market-tested messages for presenting a richer, more positive image of engineering. This book presents and discusses in detail market research about what the public finds most appealing about engineering--as well as what turns the public off.\nChanging the Conversation is a vital tool for improving the public image of engineering and outreach efforts related to engineering. It will be used by engineers in professional and academic settings including informal learning environments (such as museums and science centers), engineering schools, national engineering societies, technology-based corporations that support education and other outreach to schools and communities, and federal and state agencies and labs that do or promote engineering, technology, and science.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12187/changing-the-conversation-messages-for-improving-public-understanding-of-engineering", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "J. Michael McGinnis and Jennifer Appleton Gootman and Vivica I. Kraak", title = "Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity?", isbn = "978-0-309-09713-0", abstract = "\nCreating an environment in which children in the United States grow up\nhealthy should be a high priority for the nation. Yet the prevailing pattern\nof food and beverage marketing to children in America represents, at best,\na missed opportunity, and at worst, a direct threat to the health prospects\nof the next generation. Children\u2019s dietary and related health patterns are\nshaped by the interplay of many factors\u2014their biologic affinities, their culture\nand values, their economic status, their physical and social environments,\nand their commercial media environments\u2014all of which, apart from\ntheir genetic predispositions, have undergone significant transformations\nduring the past three decades. Among these environments, none have\nmore rapidly assumed central socializing roles among children and youth\nthan the media. With the growth in the variety and the penetration of the\nmedia have come a parallel growth with their use for marketing, including\nthe marketing of food and beverage products.\nWhat impact has food and beverage marketing had on the dietary patterns\nand health status of American children? The answer to this question\nhas the potential to shape a generation and is the focus of Food Marketing\nto Children and Youth. This book will be of interest to parents, federal and\nstate government agencies, educators and schools, health care professionals,\nindustry companies, industry trade groups, media, and those involved\nin community and consumer advocacy.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11514/food-marketing-to-children-and-youth-threat-or-opportunity", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Continuing Innovation in Information Technology", isbn = "978-0-309-25962-0", abstract = "Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, employment, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economy-both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)\u2014continue to grow in size and importance.\nIn 1995, the National Research Council's Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) produced the report Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the Nation's Information Infrastructure. A graphic in that report, often called the \"tire tracks\" diagram because of its appearance, produced an extraordinary response by clearly linking government investments in academic and industry research to the ultimate creation of new information technology industries with more than $1 billion in annual revenue.\nUsed in presentations to Congress and executive branch decision makers and discussed broadly in the research and innovation policy communities, the tire tracks figure dispelled the assumption that the commercially successful IT industry is self-sufficient, underscoring through long incubation periods of years and even decades. The figure was updated in 2002, 2003, and 2009 reports produced by the CSTB. With the support of the National Science Foundation, CSTB updated the tire tracks figure. Continuing Innovation in Information Technology includes the updated figure and a brief text based in large part on prior CSTB reports.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13427/continuing-innovation-in-information-technology", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }