TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Linda Casola TI - Enhancing Urban Sustainability with Data, Modeling, and Simulation: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25480 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25480/enhancing-urban-sustainability-with-data-modeling-and-simulation-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - On January 30-31, 2019 the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics, in collaboration with the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems and the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, convened a workshop in Washington, D.C. to explore the frontiers of mathematics and data science needs for sustainable urban communities. The workshop strengthened the emerging interdisciplinary network of practitioners, business leaders, government officials, nonprofit stakeholders, academics, and policy makers using data, modeling, and simulation for urban and community sustainability, and addressed common challenges that the community faces. Presentations highlighted urban sustainability research efforts and programs under way, including research into air quality, water management, waste disposal, and social equity and discussed promising urban sustainability research questions that improved use of big data, modeling, and simulation can help address. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - GIS for Housing and Urban Development SN - DO - 10.17226/10674 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10674/gis-for-housing-and-urban-development PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure KW - Engineering and Technology AB - The report describes potential applications of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis by HUD’s Office of Policy Development and Research for understanding housing needs, addressing broader issues of urban poverty and community development, and improving access to information and services by the many users of HUD’s data. It offers a vision of HUD as an important player in providing urban data to federal initiatives towards a spatial data infrastructure for the nation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering A2 - Mohammad Karamouz A2 - Thomas F. Budinger TI - Livable Cities of the Future: Proceedings of a Symposium Honoring the Legacy of George Bugliarello SN - DO - 10.17226/18671 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18671/livable-cities-of-the-future-proceedings-of-a-symposium-honoring PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - At the beginning of the 20th century an estimated five percent of the world's population lived in cities. Today, half the world's population is urbanized. Urban sustainability is multifaceted and encompasses security, economics, environment and resources, health, and quality of life. It can be viewed as the intersection of two extremely complex and not yet fully understood processes, urbanization and global sustainability, which will increasingly overlap as urban populations continue to grow. Effective policies are critical for addressing urban sustainability, and must be politically realistic in deciding on appropriate balances, such as centralized versus decentralized systems, "soft" versus "hard" solutions, local versus regional focus, agriculture versus pollution, and free markets versus interventions. Livable Cities of the Future, a symposium honoring the legacy of George Bugliarello, was hosted October 26, 2012, by the Polytechnic Institute of New York University (NYU-Poly) in the Pfizer Auditorium of the Bern Dibner Library of Science and Technology. The event brought together more than 200 engineers, civic leaders, educators, and futurists to discuss how George Bugliarello's vision manifests itself in innovative urban planning for the cities of tomorrow. This report is a summary of the presentations and discussion at that event. The symposium objectives were to cultivate ideas for best practices and innovative strategies for sustainable urban development and to facilitate the evolution of New York City to a real-life laboratory for urban innovation. Participants heard the perspectives and experiences of representatives from private and public service operators, infrastructure agencies, and the academic community. Elected officials and other stakeholders in urban and other sectors examined issues critical to resilient and sustainable cities, such as energy, water supply and treatment, public health, security infrastructure, transportation, telecommunications, and environmental protection. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Statewide Travel Forecasting Models DO - 10.17226/13958 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13958/statewide-travel-forecasting-models PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 358: Statewide Travel Forecasting Models examines statewide travel forecasting models designed to address planning needs and provide forecasts for statewide transportation, including passenger vehicle and freight movements. The report explores the types and purposes of models being used, integration of state and urban models, data requirements, computer needs, resources (including time, funding, training, and staff), limitations, and overall benefits. The report includes five case studies, two that focus on passenger components, two on freight components, and one on both passenger and freight. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Alan Horowitz A2 - Tom Creasey A2 - Ram Pendyala A2 - Mei Chen TI - Analytical Travel Forecasting Approaches for Project-Level Planning and Design DO - 10.17226/22366 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22366/analytical-travel-forecasting-approaches-for-project-level-planning-and-design PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 765: Analytical Travel Forecasting Approaches for Project-Level Planning and Design describes methods, data sources, and procedures for producing travel forecasts for highway project-level analyses. This report provides an update to NCHRP Report 255: Highway Traffic Data for Urbanized Area Project Planning and Design.In addition to the report, Appendices A through I from the contractor’s final report are available on CRP-CD-143. These appendices supplement this report by providing a substantial amount of companion data and information. The appendices also include the extended literature review, the detailed NCHRP Report 255 review, supplementary tables, a list of defined acronyms, and a glossary. Also included on CRP-CD-143 are spreadsheet demonstrations, and, for reference purposes, a tool developed by the North Carolina Department of Transportation to assess annual average daily traffic.An .iso image of CRP-CD-143 is available for download. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Daniel L. Cork TI - Benefits, Burdens, and Prospects of the American Community Survey: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/18259 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18259/benefits-burdens-and-prospects-of-the-american-community-survey-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - In June 2012, the Committee on National Statistics (sponsored by the U.S. Census Bureau) convened a Workshop on the Benefits (and Burdens) of the American Community Survey (ACS)—the detailed demographic and economic survey that began full-scale data collection in 2005 and that replaced the traditional "long form" in the 2010 census. ACS data are used by numerous federal agencies to administer programs, yet the ACS only moved from abstraction to reality for most users in 2010, when the first ACS estimates for small areas (based on 5 years of collected data) were made available. Hence, the workshop marked the opportunity to develop a picture of the breadth of the nonfederal user base of the ACS—among them, the media, policy research and evaluation groups (that distill ACS results for the media and broader public), state and local agencies, businesses and economic development organizations, and local and regional planning authorities—and to gather information on users' experiences with the first full releases of ACS products. In addition to covering innovative uses of the information now available on a continuous basis in the ACS, the workshop gave expression to the challenges and burdens associated with the survey: the time burden places on respondents, the challenges of explaining and interpreting estimates with increased levels of variability, and the privacy and confidentiality implications of some of the ACS content. Benefits, Burdens, and Prospects of the American Community Survey: Summary of a Workshop provides a factual summary of the workshop proceedings and hints at the contours of the ACS user constituency, providing important input to the ongoing review and refinement of the ACS program. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Christopher Porter A2 - Timothy Grose A2 - John Koupal A2 - Kanok Boriboonsomsin A2 - George Noel A2 - Andrew Eilbert TI - Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling DO - 10.17226/25484 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25484/guide-to-truck-activity-data-for-emissions-modeling PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 909: Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling explores methods, procedures, and data sets needed to capture commercial vehicle activity, vehicle characteristics, and operations to assist in estimating and forecasting criteria pollutants, air toxics, and greenhouse gas emissions from goods and services movement.Goods movement is a vital part of the national economy, with freight movement growing faster than passenger travel. The growth in freight traffic is contributing to urban congestion, resulting in hours of delay, increased shipping costs, wasted fuel, and greater emissions of greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants. The limited national data on urban goods movement are insufficient for a thorough understanding of the characteristics of the trucks operating in metropolitan areas and the complex logistical chains that they serve.For instance, there are at least three different segments of urban freight—long haul, drayage, and pickup and delivery. It is believed that truck fleet characteristics differ between the segments, but only local registration data exist at a level of detail needed to support regional transportation plans, transportation improvement plans, and state implementation plans. The lack of data on all types of commercial trucks affects model estimation and results in inaccurate base year emissions inventories, limiting the ability to design and implement effective policies to reduce freight-related emissions.NCHRP Research Report 909 enumerates various sources of truck data and how they can be obtained and used to support emissions modeling.NCHRP Web-Only Document 210: Input Guidelines for Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator Model (Porter et al., 2014a, 2014b, 2014c) provides guidance on developing local inputs to the MOVES mode. It covers all vehicle types, but is not specific to trucks. NCHRP Research Report 909 supplements NCHRP Web-Only Document 210 by describing the use of various data sources to obtain truck-specific inputs.Appendices A through G to NCHRP Research Report 909 are published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 261 and contain seven case studies that serve as the basis for much of the guidance provided in NCHRP Research Report 909.NCHRP Research Report 909 is also supplemented by three MS Excel files that contain data from the case studies:Case Studies #1 and #7Case Study #2Case Studies #3, #4, and #6 ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - PY - UR - PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs SN - DO - 10.17226/13328 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13328/urban-meteorology-forecasting-monitoring-and-meeting-users-needs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - According to the United Nations, three out of five people will be living in cities worldwide by the year 2030. The United States continues to experience urbanization with its vast urban corridors on the east and west coasts. Although urban weather is driven by large synoptic and meso-scale features, weather events unique to the urban environment arise from the characteristics of the typical urban setting, such as large areas covered by buildings of a variety of heights; paved streets and parking areas; means to supply electricity, natural gas, water, and raw materials; and generation of waste heat and materials. Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs is based largely on the information provided at a Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate community workshop. This book describes the needs for end user communities, focusing in particular on needs that are not being met by current urban-level forecasting and monitoring. Urban Meteorology also describes current and emerging meteorological forecasting and monitoring capabilities that have had and will likely have the most impact on urban areas, some of which are not being utilized by the relevant end user communities. Urban Meteorology explains that users of urban meteorological information need high-quality information available in a wide variety of formats that foster its use and within time constraints set by users' decision processes. By advancing the science and technology related to urban meteorology with input from key end user communities, urban meteorologists can better meet the needs of diverse end users. To continue the advancement within the field of urban meteorology, there are both short-term needs-which might be addressed with small investments but promise large, quick returns-as well as future challenges that could require significant efforts and investments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Toward a Coordinated Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Nation SN - DO - 10.17226/2105 PY - 1993 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2105/toward-a-coordinated-spatial-data-infrastructure-for-the-nation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is the means to assemble geographic information that describes the arrangement and attributes of features and phenomena on the Earth. This book advocates the need to make the NSDI more robust. The infrastructure includes the materials, technology, and people necessary to acquire, process, store, and distribute such information to meet a wide variety of needs. The NSDI is more than hardware, software, and data; it is the public foundation on which a marketplace for spatial products will evolve. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/25381 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25381/framing-the-challenge-of-urban-flooding-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Flooding is the natural hazard with the greatest economic and social impact in the United States, and these impacts are becoming more severe over time. Catastrophic flooding from recent hurricanes, including Superstorm Sandy in New York (2012) and Hurricane Harvey in Houston (2017), caused billions of dollars in property damage, adversely affected millions of people, and damaged the economic well-being of major metropolitan areas. Flooding takes a heavy toll even in years without a named storm or event. Major freshwater flood events from 2004 to 2014 cost an average of $9 billion in direct damage and 71 lives annually. These figures do not include the cumulative costs of frequent, small floods, which can be similar to those of infrequent extreme floods. Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States contributes to existing knowledge by examining real-world examples in specific metropolitan areas. This report identifies commonalities and variances among the case study metropolitan areas in terms of causes, adverse impacts, unexpected problems in recovery, or effective mitigation strategies, as well as key themes of urban flooding. It also relates, as appropriate, causes and actions of urban flooding to existing federal resources or policies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Crash Reduction Factors for Traffic Engineering and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Improvements: State-of-Knowledge Report DO - 10.17226/23293 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23293/crash-reduction-factors-for-traffic-engineering-and-intelligent-transportation-system-its-improvements-state-of-knowledge-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 299—Crash Reduction Factors for Traffic Engineering and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Improvements: State-of-Knowledge Report summarizes the current status of crash reduction factors for a variety of treatments and provides a summary of the “best available” crash reduction factors. The report also reviews the relationship between NCHRP Project 17-25, “Crash Reduction Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements,” and other ongoing research studies that are either documenting or developing additional crash reduction factors. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - John N. Ivan A2 - Sha Al Mamun A2 - Nalini Ravishanker A2 - Bhagwant Persaud A2 - Craig Lyon A2 - Raghavan Srinivasan A2 - Bo Lan A2 - Sarah Smith A2 - Taha Saleem A2 - Mohamed Abdel-Aty A2 - Jaeyoung Lee A2 - Ahmed Farid A2 - Jung-Han Wang TI - Improved Prediction Models for Crash Types and Crash Severities DO - 10.17226/26164 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26164/improved-prediction-models-for-crash-types-and-crash-severities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The release of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 2010 was a landmark event in the practice of road safety analysis. Before it, the United States had no central repository for information about quantitative road safety analysis methodology.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 295: Improved Prediction Models for Crash Types and Crash Severities describes efforts to develop improved crash prediction methods for crash type and severity for the three facility types covered in the HSM—specifically, two‐lane rural highways, multilane rural highways, and urban/suburban arterials.Supplemental materials to the Web-Only Document include Appendices A, B, and C (Average Condition Models, Crash Severities – Ordered Probit Fractional Split Modeling Approach, and Draft Content for Highway Safety Manual, 2nd Edition). ER - TY - BOOK TI - Countering Terrorism: Lessons Learned from Natural and Technological Disasters DO - 10.17226/10414 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10414/countering-terrorism-lessons-learned-from-natural-and-technological-disasters PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Countering Terrorism is the summary of The Natural Disasters Roundtable Forum on Countering Terrorism, held at The National Academies in Washington, D. C. on February 28 – March 1, 2002.This event promoted a two-way process of knowledge exchange. In one direction, representatives of the hazard research community discussed lessons from past disasters that may help inform efforts to respond to and recover from acts of terrorism. In the other direction, key personnel who responded to the September 11 events, and to the anthrax bioterrorism that followed, helped to define new research needs applicable to terrorism. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government: Information for Management and Decision Making SN - DO - 10.17226/10648 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10648/using-remote-sensing-in-state-and-local-government-information-for PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Advances in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution over the past several years have greatly expanded opportunities for practical applications of remote sensing data. To explore the implications of these possibilities, the NRC held a series of three workshops on different facets of remote sensing applications. This report is on the third of those workshops: the development and use of remote sensing data and information by state, local, and regional governments. The steering committee was asked to examine the opportunities, potential challenges, and policy issues associated with the application of remote sensing data in the public sector including approaches and procedures for government agencies to use such data and barriers to development and use of the applications. The resulting report is addressed primarily to non-technical managers and decisions makers at all levels of government below the federal level. ER -