@BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Erin Balogh and Margie Patlak and Sharyl J. Nass", title = "Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-26401-3", abstract = "Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in United States, causing more than 440,000 deaths annually and resulting in $193 billion in health-related economic losses each year\u2014$96 billion in direct medical costs and $97 billion in lost productivity. Since the first U.S. Surgeon General's report on smoking in 1964, more than 29 Surgeon General's reports, drawing on data from thousands of studies, have documented the overwhelming and conclusive biologic, epidemiologic, behavioral, and pharmacologic evidence that tobacco use is deadly. This evidence base links tobacco use to the development of multiple types of cancer and other life-threatening conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Smoking accounts for at least 30 percent of all cancer deaths, and 80 percent of lung cancer deaths. Despite the widespread agreement on the dangers of tobacco use and considerable success in reducing tobacco use prevalence from over 40 percent at the time of the 1964 Surgeon General's report to less than 20 percent today, recent progress in reducing tobacco use has slowed. An estimated 18.9 percent of U.S. adults smoke cigarettes, nearly one in four high school seniors smoke, and 13 percent of high school males use smokeless tobacco products.\nIn recognition that progress in combating cancer will not be fully achieved without addressing the tobacco problem, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a public workshop, Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality, June 11-12, 2012 in Washington, DC. In opening remarks to the workshop participants, planning committee chair Roy Herbst, professor of medicine and of pharmacology and chief of medical oncology at Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, described the goals of the workshop, which were to examine the current obstacles to tobacco control and to discuss potential policy, outreach, and treatment strategies that could overcome these obstacles and reduce tobacco-related cancer incidence and mortality. Experts explored a number of topics, including: the changing demographics of tobacco users and the changing patterns of tobacco product use; the influence of tobacco use on cancer incidence and cancer treatment outcomes; tobacco dependence and cessation programs; federal and state level laws and regulations to curtail tobacco use; tobacco control education, messaging, and advocacy; financial and legal challenges to tobacco control efforts; and research and infrastructure needs to support tobacco control strategies, reduce tobacco related cancer incidence, and improve cancer patient outcomes. Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality summarizes the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13495/reducing-tobacco-related-cancer-incidence-and-mortality-workshop-summary", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Peter Reuter and Malay Majmundar", title = "Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market: Characteristics, Policy Context, and Lessons from International Experiences", isbn = "978-0-309-31712-2", abstract = "Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets.\n\nUnderstanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. \n\nUnderstanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and\/or states and localities. \n\n\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19016/understanding-the-us-illicit-tobacco-market-characteristics-policy-context-and", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Stuart Bondurant and Roberta Wedge", title = "Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations", isbn = "978-0-309-13767-6", abstract = "The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessation in both military and veteran populations. In its 2009 report, Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to prevent tobacco initiation and encourage cessation, both DoD and VA should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12632/combating-tobacco-use-in-military-and-veteran-populations", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Janet Brigham", title = "Dying to Quit: Why We Smoke and How We Stop", isbn = "978-0-309-06409-5", abstract = "Historians and scientists a few millennia from now are likely to see tobacco as one of the major bafflements of our time, suggests Janet Brigham. Why do we smoke so much, even when we know that tobacco kills more than a million of us a year?\nTwo decades ago, smoking was on the decline in the United States. Now the decline has flattened, and smoking appears to be increasing, most ominously among young people. Cigar smoking is on the rise. Data from a generation of young smokers indicate that many of them want to quit but have no access to effective treatment.\nDying to Quit features the real-life smoking day of a young woman who plans to quit\u2014again. Her comments take readers inside her love\/hate relationship with tobacco. In everyday language, the book reveals the complex psychological and scientific issues behind the news headlines about tobacco regulations, lawsuits and settlements, and breaking scientific news.\nWhat is addiction? Is there such a thing as an addictive personality? What does nicotine do to the body? How does it affect the brain? Why do people stand in subzero temperatures outside office buildings to smoke cigarettes? What is the impact of carefully crafted advertisements and marketing strategies? Why do people who are depressed tend to smoke more? What is the biology behind these common links? These and many fundamental questions are explored drawing on the latest findings from the world's best addictions laboratories.\nWant to quit? Brigham takes us shopping in the marketplace of gizmos and gadgets designed to help people stop smoking, from wristwatch-like monitors to the lettuce cigarette. She presents the bad news and the not-so-bad news about smoking cessation, including the truth about withdrawal symptoms and weight gain. And she summarizes authoritative findings and recommendations about what actually works in quitting smoking.\nBy training a behavioral scientist\u2014by gift a writing talent\u2014Brigham helps readers understand what people feel when they use tobacco or when they quit. At a time when tobacco smoke has filled nearly every corner of the earth and public confusion grows amid strident claims and counterclaims in the media, Dying to Quit clears the air with dispassion toward facts and compassion toward smokers. This book invites readers on a fascinating journey through the world of tobacco use and points the way toward help for smokers who want to quit.\nJanet Brigham, Ph.D., is a research psychologist with SRI International in Menlo Park, California, where she studies tobacco use. A former journalist and editor, she has conducted substance use research at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the University of Pittsburgh", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6013/dying-to-quit-why-we-smoke-and-how-we-stop", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Steven M. Teutsch and Amy B. Geller and Aimee M. Mead", title = "Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects", isbn = "978-0-309-09106-0", abstract = "The early to mid-1990s saw a large surge in U.S. cigar consumption, including premium cigars. Based on recent import data, premium cigar use may be increasing, though they currently make up a small percent of the total U.S. cigar market. Premium cigars have also been the subject of legal and regulatory efforts for the past decade. In 1998, the National Cancer Institute undertook a comprehensive review of available knowledge about cigars - the only one to date. The resulting research recommendations have largely not been addressed, and many of the identified information gaps persist. Furthermore, there is no single, consistent definition of premium cigars, making research challenging. \nIn response, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee of experts to address this issue. The resulting report, Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects, includes 13 findings, 24 conclusions, and nine priority research recommendations and assesses the state of evidence on premium cigar characteristics, current patterns of use, marketing and perceptions of the product, and short- long-term health effects. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26421/premium-cigars-patterns-of-use-marketing-and-health-effects", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products", isbn = "978-0-309-22398-0", abstract = "Smoking-related diseases kill more Americans than alcohol, illegal drugs, murder and suicide combined. The passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gave the FDA authority to regulate \"modified risk tobacco products\" (MRTPs), tobacco products that are either designed or advertised to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease. MRTPs must submit to the FDA scientific evidence to demonstrate the product has the potential to reduce tobacco related harms as compared to conventional tobacco products. The IOM identifies minimum standards for scientific studies that an applicant would need to complete to obtain an order to market the product from the FDA.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13294/scientific-standards-for-studies-on-modified-risk-tobacco-products", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Barbara S. Lynch and Richard J. Bonnie", title = "Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths", isbn = "978-0-309-05129-3", abstract = "Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth.\nWe all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertising\u2014more than $10 million worth every day\u2014have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products?\nThese questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use.\nGrowing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined.\nWith clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4757/growing-up-tobacco-free-preventing-nicotine-addiction-in-children-and", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Kathleen Stratton and Leslie Y. Kwan and David L. Eaton", title = "Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes", isbn = "978-0-309-46834-3", abstract = "Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes.\nPublic Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24952/public-health-consequences-of-e-cigarettes", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Taking Action to Reduce Tobacco Use", isbn = "978-0-309-06038-7", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6060/taking-action-to-reduce-tobacco-use", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Richard J. Bonnie and Kathleen Stratton and Leslie Y. Kwan", title = "Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products", isbn = "978-0-309-31624-8", abstract = "Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine.\nAt the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18997/public-health-implications-of-raising-the-minimum-age-of-legal-access-to-tobacco-products", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Robert Wallace and Amy Geller and V. Ayano Ogawa", title = "Assessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation", isbn = "978-0-309-31722-1", abstract = "Tobacco consumption continues to be the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products - specifically cigarettes, cigarette tobacco, roll-your-own tobacco, and smokeless tobacco - to protect public health and reduce tobacco use in the United States. Given the strong social component inherent to tobacco use onset, cessation, and relapse, and given the heterogeneity of those social interactions, agent-based models have the potential to be an essential tool in assessing the effects of policies to control tobacco.\nAssessing the Use of Agent-Based Models for Tobacco Regulation describes the complex tobacco environment; discusses the usefulness of agent-based models to inform tobacco policy and regulation; presents an evaluation framework for policy-relevant agent-based models; examines the role and type of data needed to develop agent-based models for tobacco regulation; provides an assessment of the agent-based model developed for FDA; and offers strategies for using agent-based models to inform decision making in the future.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19018/assessing-the-use-of-agent-based-models-for-tobacco-regulation", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Research on the Health and Wellness of Commercial Truck and Bus Drivers: Summary of an International Conference", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Conference Proceedings on the Web 5: Research on the Health and Wellness of Commercial Truck and Bus Drivers: Summary of an International Conference is the proceedings of a November 2010 conference held in Baltimore, Maryland.The proceedings highlight and document what transpired at the conference; summarize noteworthy issues and gaps in knowledge identified at the conference; and describe suggestions that were discussed there for possible future directions that the transportation health and safety community might pursue in these arenas.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22798/research-on-the-health-and-wellness-of-commercial-truck-and-bus-drivers-summary-of-an-international-conference", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Jane S. Durch and Linda A. Bailey and Michael A. Stoto", title = "Improving Health in the Community: A Role for Performance Monitoring", isbn = "978-0-309-05534-5", abstract = "How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities.\nWith concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority.\nImproving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction.\nWithin a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the \"why\" and \"how to\" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues.\nImproving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5298/improving-health-in-the-community-a-role-for-performance-monitoring", year = 1997, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Alison Mack and Janet Joy", title = "Marijuana As Medicine?: The Science Beyond the Controversy", isbn = "978-0-309-06531-3", abstract = "Some people suffer from chronic, debilitating disorders for which no conventional treatment brings relief. Can marijuana ease their symptoms? Would it be breaking the law to turn to marijuana as a medication?\nThere are few sources of objective, scientifically sound advice for people in this situation. Most books about marijuana and medicine attempt to promote the views of advocates or opponents. To fill the gap between these extremes, authors Alison Mack and Janet Joy have extracted critical findings from a recent Institute of Medicine study on this important issue, interpreting them for a general audience.\nMarijuana As Medicine? provides patients\u2014as well as the people who care for them\u2014with a foundation for making decisions about their own health care. This empowering volume examines several key points, including:\n\n Whether marijuana can relieve a variety of symptoms, including pain, muscle spasticity, nausea, and appetite loss.\n The dangers of smoking marijuana, as well as the effects of its active chemical components on the immune system and on psychological health.\n The potential use of marijuana-based medications on symptoms of AIDS, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and several other specific disorders, in comparison with existing treatments.\n\nMarijuana As Medicine? introduces readers to the active compounds in marijuana. These include the principal ingredient in Marinol, a legal medication. The authors also discuss the prospects for developing other drugs derived from marijuana's active ingredients.\nIn addition to providing an up-to-date review of the science behind the medical marijuana debate, Mack and Joy also answer common questions about the legal status of marijuana, explaining the conflict between state and federal law regarding its medical use.\nIntended primarily as an aid to patients and caregivers, this book objectively presents critical information so that it can be used to make responsible health care decisions. Marijuana As Medicine? will also be a valuable resource for policymakers, health care providers, patient counselors, medical faculty and students\u2014in short, anyone who wants to learn more about this important issue.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9586/marijuana-as-medicine-the-science-beyond-the-controversy", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erin Balogh and Margie Patlak and Sharyl J. Nass", title = "Implementation of Lung Cancer Screening: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-45132-1", abstract = "The public health burden from lung cancer is substantial: it is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Given the individual and population health burden of lung cancer, especially when it is diagnosed at later stages, there has been a push to develop and implement screening strategies for early detection. However, many factors need to be considered for broad implementation of lung cancer screening in clinical practice. Effective implementation will entail understanding the balance of potential benefits and harms of lung cancer screening, defining and reaching eligible populations, addressing health disparities, and many more considerations. \n\nIn recognition of the substantial challenges to developing effective lung cancer screening programs in clinical practice, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in June 2016. At the workshop, experts described the current evidence base for lung cancer screening, the current challenges of implementation, and opportunities to overcome them. Workshop participants also explored capacity and access issues; best practices for screening programs; assessment of patient outcomes, quality, and value in lung cancer screening; and research needs that could improve implementation efforts. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23680/implementation-of-lung-cancer-screening-proceedings-of-a-workshop", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research", isbn = "978-0-309-45304-2", abstract = "Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and\/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk.\n\nHowever, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively.\n\nShifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agenda\u2014outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issues\u2014that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24625/the-health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-the-current-state", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects: Making Sense of the Evidence", isbn = "978-0-309-13839-0", abstract = "Data suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke can result in heart disease in nonsmoking adults. Recently, progress has been made in reducing involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke through legislation banning smoking in workplaces, restaurants, and other public places. The effect of legislation to ban smoking and its effects on the cardiovascular health of nonsmoking adults, however, remains a question.\n\nSecondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects reviews available scientific literature to assess the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and acute coronary events. The authors, experts in secondhand smoke exposure and toxicology, clinical cardiology, epidemiology, and statistics, find that there is about a 25 to 30 percent increase in the risk of coronary heart disease from exposure to secondhand smoke. Their findings agree with the 2006 Surgeon General's Report conclusion that there are increased risks of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality among men and women exposed to secondhand smoke. However, the authors note that the evidence for determining the magnitude of the relationship between chronic secondhand smoke exposure and coronary heart disease is not very strong.\n\nPublic health professionals will rely upon Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects for its survey of critical epidemiological studies on the effects of smoking bans and evidence of links between secondhand smoke exposure and cardiovascular events, as well as its findings and recommendations.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12649/secondhand-smoke-exposure-and-cardiovascular-effects-making-sense-of-the", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Integrating Employee Health: A Model Program for NASA", isbn = "978-0-309-09623-2", abstract = "The American workforce is changing, creating new challenges for employers to provide\noccupational health services to meet the needs of employees. The National\nAeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) workforce is highly skilled and competitive\nand employees frequently work under intense pressure to ensure mission success.\nThe Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer at NASA requested that the\nInstitute of Medicine review its occupational health programs, assess employee awareness\nof and attitude toward those programs, recommend options for future worksite\npreventive health programs, and ways to evaluate their effectiveness. The committee\u2019s\nfindings show that although NASA has a history of being forward-looking in designing\nand improving health and wellness programs, there is a need to move from a\ntraditional occupational health model to an integrated, employee-centered program\nthat could serve as a national model for both public and private employers to emulate\nand improve the health and performance of their workforces.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11290/integrating-employee-health-a-model-program-for-nasa", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Karen Adams and Janet M. Corrigan", title = "Priority Areas for National Action: Transforming Health Care Quality", isbn = "978-0-309-08543-4", abstract = "A new release in the Quality Chasm Series, Priority Areas for National Action recommends a set of 20 priority areas that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and other groups in the public and private sectors should focus on to improve the quality of health care delivered to all Americans. The priority areas selected represent the entire spectrum of health care from preventive care to end of life care. They also touch on all age groups, health care settings and health care providers. Collective action in these areas could help transform the entire health care system. In addition, the report identifies criteria and delineates a process that DHHS may adopt to determine future priority areas.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10593/priority-areas-for-national-action-transforming-health-care-quality", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Health and Wellness Programs for Commercial Drivers", abstract = "TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 15: Health and Wellness Programs for Commercial Drivers explores health risks facing commercial truck and motorcoach drivers. The report examines the association between crash causation and functional impairments, elements of employee health and wellness programs that could be applied to commercial drivers, and existing trucking and motor coach employee health and wellness programs. In addition, the report includes several case studies on employee health and wellness programs in the truck and motorbus industries, focusing on the elements that appear to work effectively.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23161/health-and-wellness-programs-for-commercial-drivers", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }