@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities Revisited", isbn = "978-0-309-44696-9", abstract = "Historically, the United States has been a world leader in aerospace endeavors in both the government and commercial sectors. A key factor in aerospace leadership is continuous development of advanced technology, which is critical to U.S. ambitions in space, including a human mission to Mars. To continue to achieve progress, NASA is currently executing a series of aeronautics and space technology programs using a roadmapping process to identify technology needs and improve the management of its technology development portfolio. \n\nNASA created a set of 14 draft technology roadmaps in 2010 to guide the development of space technologies. In 2015, NASA issued a revised set of roadmaps. A significant new aspect of the update has been the effort to assess the relevance of the technologies by listing the enabling and enhancing technologies for specific design reference missions (DRMs) from the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate and the Science Mission Directorate. NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities Revisited prioritizes new technologies in the 2015 roadmaps and recommends a methodology for conducting independent reviews of future updates to NASA's space technology roadmaps, which are expected to occur every 4 years.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23582/nasa-space-technology-roadmaps-and-priorities-revisited", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Review of NASA's Aerospace Technology Enterprise: An Assessment of NASA's Aeronautics Technology Programs", isbn = "978-0-309-09119-0", abstract = "The National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies was asked by NASA and the Office of Management and Budget to perform an assessment of NASA's Aerospace Technology Enterprise. The first such review, which began in early 2002, examined Pioneering Revolutionary Technology (now known as Mission and Science Measurement Technology). The assessment presented here, of the Aeronautics Technology Programs, began in early 2003 and is the second in the review series.\n\nThe Aeronautics Technology Programs has three components: the Vehicle Systems Program, the Airspace Systems Program, and the Aviation Safety Program. To conduct this review, the NRC established three panels, one for each of the component programs. The NRC also established a parent committee, consisting of the chairman and a subset of members from each panel. The committee and panels comprised a cross-section of experts from industry, academia, and government and included senior-level managers and researchers in the aeronautics field. Biographical information on the committee and panel members is found in Appendix A.\n\nReview of NASA's Aerospace Technology Enterprise: An Assessment of NASA's Aeronautics Technology Programs contains the committee's assessment of the Aeronautics Technology Programs. Chapter 1 presents a top-level assessment, and Chapters 2 through 4 provide the assessments of the Vehicle Systems Program, the Airspace Systems Program, and the Aviation Safety Program, respectively.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10861/review-of-nasas-aerospace-technology-enterprise-an-assessment-of-nasas", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Electric Power Technologies", isbn = "978-0-309-37142-1", abstract = "Electricity, supplied reliably and affordably, is foundational to the U.S. economy and is utterly indispensable to modern society. However, emissions resulting from many forms of electricity generation create environmental risks that could have significant negative economic, security, and human health consequences. Large-scale installation of cleaner power generation has been generally hampered because greener technologies are more expensive than the technologies that currently produce most of our power. Rather than trade affordability and reliability for low emissions, is there a way to balance all three?\n\nThe Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies considers how to speed up innovations that would dramatically improve the performance and lower the cost of currently available technologies while also developing new advanced cleaner energy technologies. According to this report, there is an opportunity for the United States to continue to lead in the pursuit of increasingly clean, more efficient electricity through innovation in advanced technologies. The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies makes the case that America's advantages\u2014world-class universities and national laboratories, a vibrant private sector, and innovative states, cities, and regions that are free to experiment with a variety of public policy approaches\u2014position the United States to create and lead a new clean energy revolution. This study focuses on five paths to accelerate the market adoption of increasing clean energy and efficiency technologies: (1) expanding the portfolio of cleaner energy technology options; (2) leveraging the advantages of energy efficiency; (3) facilitating the development of increasing clean technologies, including renewables, nuclear, and cleaner fossil; (4) improving the existing technologies, systems, and infrastructure; and (5) leveling the playing field for cleaner energy technologies.\n\nThe Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies is a call for leadership to transform the United States energy sector in order to both mitigate the risks of greenhouse gas and other pollutants and to spur future economic growth. This study's focus on science, technology, and economic policy makes it a valuable resource to guide support that produces innovation to meet energy challenges now and for the future.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21712/the-power-of-change-innovation-for-development-and-deployment-of", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Vehicle Systems Panel Report on the Status of NASA's Vehicles Systems Program: Letter Report", abstract = "In November 2003, ASEB released a report, An Assessment of NASA\u2019s Aeronautics Technology Programs. After the release, NASA requested the NRC to reconvene the Panel on Vehicle Systems Program, which had been established as part of the study infrastructure for the report. Specifically, NASA wanted an evaluation of the progress made by the Program in formulating and directing its activities over the past nine months (since March 2003). This letter report presents the findings of that review. In almost all cases, the recommendations contained in this letter report, amplify and reinforce those contained in the full report.\n\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10904/vehicle-systems-panel-report-on-the-status-of-nasas-vehicles-systems-program", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Radioisotope Power Systems: An Imperative for Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Space Exploration", isbn = "978-0-309-13857-4", abstract = "Spacecraft require electrical energy. This energy must be available in the outer reaches of the solar system where sunlight is very faint. It must be available through lunar nights that last for 14 days, through long periods of dark and cold at the higher latitudes on Mars, and in high-radiation fields such as those around Jupiter. Radioisotope power systems (RPSs) are the only available power source that can operate unconstrained in these environments for the long periods of time needed to accomplish many missions, and plutonium-238 (238Pu) is the only practical isotope for fueling them.\nPlutonium-238 does not occur in nature. The committee does not believe that there is any additional 238Pu (or any operational 238Pu production facilities) available anywhere in the world.The total amount of 238Pu available for NASA is fixed, and essentially all of it is already dedicated to support several pending missions--the Mars Science Laboratory, Discovery 12, the Outer Planets Flagship 1 (OPF 1), and (perhaps) a small number of additional missions with a very small demand for 238Pu. If the status quo persists, the United States will not be able to provide RPSs for any subsequent missions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12653/radioisotope-power-systems-an-imperative-for-maintaining-us-leadership-in", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The National Academies Summit on America's Energy Future: Summary of a Meeting", isbn = "978-0-309-12478-2", abstract = "There is a growing sense of national urgency about the role of energy in long-term U.S. economic vitality, national security, and climate change. This urgency is the consequence of many factors, including the rising global demand for energy; the need for long-term security of energy supplies, especially oil; growing global concerns about carbon dioxide emissions; and many other factors affected to a great degree by government policies both here and abroad.\n\nOn March 13, 2008, the National Academies brought together many of the most knowledgeable and influential people working on energy issues today to discuss how we can meet the need for energy without irreparably damaging Earth's environment or compromising U.S. economic and national security-a complex problem that will require technological and social changes that have few parallels in human history. \n\nThe National Academies Summit on America's Energy Future: Summary of a Meeting chronicles that 2-day summit and serves as a current and far-reaching foundation for examining energy policy. The summit is part of the ongoing project 'America's Energy Future: Technology Opportunities, Risks, and Tradeoffs,' which will produce a series of reports providing authoritative estimates and analysis of the current and future supply of and demand for energy; new and existing technologies to meet those demands; their associated impacts; and their projected costs. The National Academies Summit on America's Energy Future: Summary of a Meeting is an essential base for anyone with an interest in strategic, tactical, and policy issues. Federal and state policy makers will find this book invaluable, as will industry leaders, investors, and others willing to convert concern into action to solve the energy problem. \n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12450/the-national-academies-summit-on-americas-energy-future-summary-of", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Review of the Space Communications Program of NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate", isbn = "978-0-309-10297-1", abstract = "The Space Communications Office (SCO) at NASA has two primary roles. The first is to manage two of the communications networks that enable spaceflight operations and research, and the second is to integrate agency-wide telecommunications issues. In 2005, NASA asked the NRC to review the effectiveness of the SCO in carrying out its responsibilities by assessing the overall quality of the space communications program. This report presents a review of each of the program elements within the SCO\u2014the space network, NASA\u2019s integrated space network (NISN), spectrum management, standards management, search and rescue, communications and navigation architecture, technology, and operations integration. The review focuses on formulation of plans for each element, plan development methodology, connections with the broader community, and overall capabilities. Recommendations for improving SCO operations and organization are provided.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11718/review-of-the-space-communications-program-of-nasas-space-operations-mission-directorate", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Review of NASA's Aerospace Technology Enterprise: An Assessment of NASA's Pioneering Revolutionary Technology Program", isbn = "978-0-309-09080-3", abstract = "The Committee for the Review of NASA's Pioneering Revolutionary Technology (PRT) Program and its three supporting panels were charged by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with assessing the overall scientific and technical quality of the PRT program and its component programs, along with their associated elements and individual research tasks. Major issues addressed in the review include (1) research portfolios, (2) research plans, (3) technical community connections, (4) methodologies, and (5) overall capabilities. As reflected in the organization of the report, a two-pronged assessment was developed. Each panel provided a detailed assessment of the program under its purview, which was refined and updated over the course of the review. The committee, composed mainly of representatives from each panel, integrated and evaluated the panel results and provided top-level advice on issues cutting across the entire PRT program.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10810/review-of-nasas-aerospace-technology-enterprise-an-assessment-of-nasas", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering", title = "Observations on the President's Fiscal Year 2000 Federal Science and Technology Budget", isbn = "978-0-309-06487-3", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6490/observations-on-the-presidents-fiscal-year-2000-federal-science-and-technology-budget", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Concerning Federally Sponsored Inducement Prizes in Engineering and Science", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9724/concerning-federally-sponsored-inducement-prizes-in-engineering-and-science", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Nanotechnology for the Intelligence Community", abstract = "The emergence of nanotechnology as a major science and technology research topic has sparked substantial interest by the intelligence community. In particular the community is interested both in the potential for nanotechnology to assist intelligence operations and threats it could create. To explore these questions, the Intelligence Technology Innovation Center asked the National Research Council to conduct a number of activities to illustrate the potential for nanotechnology to address key intelligence community needs. In 2004, workshop reports were issued on power systems and on positioning and sensing technologies. The final report provides an assessment of a wide range of additional technologies. The report also presents a series of findings and recommendations about areas of opportunities for the intelligence community and strategies for exploiting these opportunities.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11276/nanotechnology-for-the-intelligence-community", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Review of Physical Science Proposals to the State of Ohio's 2005 Wright Centers of Innovation Award Program: Final Letter Report", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11306/review-of-physical-science-proposals-to-the-state-of-ohios-2005-wright-centers-of-innovation-award-program", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Interim Report of NRC Review of NASA's Pioneering Revolutionary Technology Program", abstract = "This review is part of a project that will produce biennial assessments of the NASA Aerospace Technology Enterprise programs\u2014the PRT program, the Aviation Program, and the Space Transportation Program. The PRT program is designed to develop and demonstrate revolutionary computing, information and communications technologies for aerospace systems. NASA requested a review of the technical quality of the program from the NRC. This letter report presents the initial assessment of the program. The details of the review will be presented in the final report.\n\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10605/interim-report-of-nrc-review-of-nasas-pioneering-revolutionary-technology-program", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Aeronautics 2050: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "The Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a 1-day visioning workshop to facilitate a dialog on the historical contributions of the ASEB to development of the U.S. civil aeronautics sector, recent advances and current challenges and opportunities in civil aviation, and new directions in air travel and technology in the coming 30 years. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25005/aeronautics-2050-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", title = "Mastering a New Role: Shaping Technology Policy for National Economic Performance", isbn = "978-0-309-04646-6", abstract = "This book examines the changing character of commercial technology development and diffusion in an integrated global economy and its implications for U.S. public policies in support of technological innovation. The volume considers the history, current practice, and future prospects for national policies to encourage economic development through both direct and indirect government support of technological advance.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2103/mastering-a-new-role-shaping-technology-policy-for-national-economic", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Charles F. Wellford and Betty M. Chemers and Julie A. Schuck", title = "Strengthening the National Institute of Justice", isbn = "978-0-309-15635-6", abstract = "The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the nation's primary resource for advancing scientific research, development, and evaluation on crime and crime control and the administration of justice in the United States. Headed by a presidentially appointed director, it is one of the major units in the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) of the U.S. Department of Justice. Under its authorizing legislation, NIJ awards grants and contracts to a variety of public and private organizations and individuals.\n\nAt the request of NIJ, Strengthening the National Institute of Justice assesses the operations and quality of the full range of its programs. These include social science research, science and technology research and development, capacity building, and technology assistance. \n\nThe book concludes that a federal research institute such as NIJ is vital to the nation's continuing efforts to control crime and administer justice. No other federal, state, local, or private organization can do what NIJ was created to do. Forty years ago, Congress envisioned a science agency dedicated to building knowledge to support crime prevention and control by developing a wide range of techniques for dealing with individual offenders, identifying injustices and biases in the administration of justice, and supporting more basic and operational research on crime and the criminal justice system and the involvement of the community in crime control efforts. As the embodiment of that vision, NIJ has accomplished a great deal. It has succeeded in developing a body of knowledge on such important topics as hot spots policing, violence against women, the role of firearms and drugs in crime, drug courts, and forensic DNA analysis. It has helped build the crime and justice research infrastructure. It has also widely disseminated the results of its research programs to help guide practice and policy. But its efforts have been severely hampered by a lack of independence, authority, and discretionary resources to carry out its mission.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12929/strengthening-the-national-institute-of-justice", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Research Universities and the Future of America: Ten Breakthrough Actions Vital to Our Nation's Prosperity and Security: Summary", abstract = "Research Universities and the Future of America presents critically important strategies for ensuring that our nation's research universities contribute strongly to America's prosperity, security, and national goals. Widely considered the best in the world, our nation's research universities today confront significant financial pressures, important advances in technology, a changing demographic landscape, and increased international competition. This report provides a course of action for ensuring our universities continue to produce the knowledge, ideas, and talent the United States needs to be a global leader in the 21st century.\nResearch Universities and the Future of America focuses on strengthening and expanding the partnership among universities and government, business, and philanthropy that has been central to American prosperity and security. The report focuses on the top 10 actions that Congress, the federal government, state governments, research universities, and others could take to strengthen the research and education missions of our research universities, their relationships with other parts of the national research enterprise, and their ability to transfer new knowledge and ideas to those who productively use them in our society and economy.\nThis report examines trends in university finance, prospects for improving university operations, opportunities for deploying technology, and improvement in the regulation of higher education institutions. It also explores ways to improve pathways to graduate education, take advantage of opportunities to increase student diversity, and realign doctoral education for the careers new doctorates will follow. Research Universities and the Future of America is an important resource for policy makers on the federal and state levels, university administrators, philanthropic organizations, faculty, technology transfer specialists, libraries, and researchers.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13299/research-universities-and-the-future-of-america-ten-breakthrough-actions", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "On Continuing Assessment of Technology Development in NASA's Office of Space Science: Letter Report", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12432/on-continuing-assessment-of-technology-development-in-nasas-office-of-space-science", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Peggy Tsai", title = "Launching a National Conversation on Disaster Resilience in America: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-28971-9", abstract = "With the increasing frequency of natural and human-induced disasters and the increasing magnitude of their consequences, a clear need exists for governments and communities to become more resilient. The National Research Council's 2012 report Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addressed the importance of resilience, discussed different challenges and approaches for building resilience, and outlined steps for implementing resilience efforts in communities and within government. Launching a National Conversation on Disaster Resilience in America is a summary of a one-day event in November 2012 to formally launch a national conversation on resilience. Nationally-recognized experts in disaster resilience met to discuss developing a culture of resilience, implementing resilience, and understanding federal perspectives about resilience. This report includes a broad range of perspectives and experiences derived from many types of hazards and disasters in all parts of the country.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18411/launching-a-national-conversation-on-disaster-resilience-in-america-workshop", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP editor = "Linda Casola", title = "The Gates Are Open: Control System Cyber-Physical Security for Facilities: Proceedings of a Federal Facilities Council Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "The expanding connectivity of operational technologies (OT) increases the vulnerability of facilities to cyber attacks. Many of these technologies were not designed for a \"smart\" environment and are thus unsecure. Furthermore, these devices often continue to be overlooked when considering overall building security, which can lead to significant losses. On August 10, 2021, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Federal Facilities Council convened a virtual workshop to discuss OT security within facilities. Workshop panelists and participants explored existing vulnerabilities, new legislation and guidance, the convergence of cyber and physical security, and strategies to mitigate risk. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26357/the-gates-are-open-control-system-cyber-physical-security-for-facilities", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }