%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Innovations in Catalysis to Address Modern Challenges: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27161/innovations-in-catalysis-to-address-modern-challenges-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27161/innovations-in-catalysis-to-address-modern-challenges-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 11 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Chemical Sciences Roundtable convened a workshop to discuss how the chemistry and chemical engineering communities can contribute practical solutions for improving chemical production through innovations in catalysis. Keynote presentations highlighted the implementation of sustainability in catalysis, including policy considerations and systems-level approaches to catalysis innovations. Throughout three presentation sessions, workshop participants discussed opportunities in various fields of catalysis, such as biocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis, as well as novel approaches to catalyst design and catalytic processes and reactions. The workshop also featured a session titled Vistas in Catalysis, in which 14 participants gave 3-minute presentations on topics ranging from photoelectrochemical water-splitting to machine learning in catalyst development. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Wolfman, Jessica %T Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26334/diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-chemistry-and-chemical-engineering-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26334/diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-chemistry-and-chemical-engineering-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 9 %X A diverse workforce and inclusive workspaces are important components of future chemical and chemical engineering research. The workshop Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, held virtually on May 25-26, 2021, by the Chemical Sciences Roundtable, provided a venue for the chemical sciences community to discuss ideas and best practices for creating more diverse, equitable, and inclusive environments. Specifically, the workshop (1) explored barriers to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) that are specific to chemistry and chemical engineering, (2) examined successful programs and best practices for increasing DEI in these fields, and (3) explored innovative approaches to create a culture in which all have equal opportunities to participate and advance. Ultimately, the workshop provided a forum for academic, government, and industrial participants to increase awareness of potential barriers to DEI and gain information needed to create more diverse, equitable, and inclusive environments in their workplaces. This document summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nhon, Linda %T Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26539/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-on-the-horizon-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26539/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-on-the-horizon-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 12 %X Emerging technologies have the potential to modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing and advance the quality of drug products. A 2021 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies) identified these innovative technologies, including manufacturing processes, control and testing strategies, and product technologies. The report, Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon: Technical Challenges, Regulatory Issues, and Recommendations, also discussed technical and regulatory challenges to implementing these technologies and provided suggestions for overcoming some of those issues. A virtual dissemination workshop titled Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon was hosted by the National Academies on October 28-29, 2021, and provided a venue for discussing the 2021 National Academies report's recommendations and a platform for members of the report committee to reflect on the study. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the dissemination workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Weixelbaum, Jay %T Empowering Tomorrow's Chemist: Laboratory Automation and Accelerated Synthesis: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26497/empowering-tomorrows-chemist-laboratory-automation-and-accelerated-synthesis-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26497/empowering-tomorrows-chemist-laboratory-automation-and-accelerated-synthesis-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 10 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Chemical Sciences Roundtable convened a workshop on how best to automate the laboratory and train the next generation of chemists, chemical engineers, materials and formulation scientists, and others. This workshop explored the benefits of laboratory automation and opportunities to make this space more accessible for resource-limited institutions and identified ways to prepare the science, technology, engineering, and medicine workforce. Panel sessions gathered together researchers from industry, academia, and government to focus on the various aspects of automation in the chemical sciences, including the challenges and benefits of automation in industry, automation training and development of curricula in academia, and the future of automation in the industrial laboratories and universities. This publication highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics: Thirteenth Round %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26746/report-of-the-committee-on-proposal-evaluation-for-allocation-of-supercomputing-time-for-the-study-of-molecular-dynamics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26746/report-of-the-committee-on-proposal-evaluation-for-allocation-of-supercomputing-time-for-the-study-of-molecular-dynamics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 22 %X This report evaluates submissions received in response to a Request for Proposals for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton 2, a supercomputer designed and built by D.E. Shaw Research (DESRES). Over the past 12 years, DERES has made an Anton or Anton 2 system housed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center available to the non-commercial research community, based on the advice of previous committees of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. As in those prior rounds, the goal of the thirteenth Request for Proposals for simulation time on Anton 2 is to continue to facilitate breakthrough research in the study of biomolecular systems by providing a massively parallel system specially designed for molecular dynamics simulations. These capabilities allow multi-microsecond simulation timescales. The program seeks to continue to support research that addresses important and high impact questions demonstrating a clear need for the special capabilities of the Anton. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Melvin, April %T Wildland Fires: Toward Improved Understanding and Forecasting of Air Quality Impacts: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-27737-2 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26465/wildland-fires-toward-improved-understanding-and-forecasting-of-air-quality-impacts %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26465/wildland-fires-toward-improved-understanding-and-forecasting-of-air-quality-impacts %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 80 %X Wildland fires pose a growing threat to air quality and human health. Fire is a natural part of many landscapes, but the extent of area burned and the severity of fires have been increasing, concurrent with human movement into previously uninhabited fire-prone areas and forest management practices that have increased fuel loads. These changes heighten the risk of exposure to fire itself and emissions (smoke), which can travel thousands of miles and affect millions of people, creating local, regional, and national air quality and health concerns. To address this growing threat, the National Academies brought together atmospheric chemistry and health research communities, natural resource managers, and decision makers to discuss current knowledge and needs surrounding how wildland fire emissions affect air quality and human health. Participants also explored opportunities to better bridge these communities to advance science and improve the production and exchange of information. This publication summarizes the workshop discussions and themes that emerged throughout the meeting. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Mantus, Ellen %T Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25814/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25814/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in-brief %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Industry and Labor %P 12 %X Global pandemics and the increasing severity and frequency of natural disasters have highlighted the vulnerabilities of drug supply chains and have underscored the need to modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing. The workshop Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing held in Washington, DC, on February 27-28, 2020, provided a venue for discussing potential technologies that are on the horizon in the next 5-10 years in the pharmaceutical industry. It was hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee to Identify Innovative Technologies to Advance Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and served as its first information-gathering activity for this committee. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Carbon Dioxide Utilization Markets and Infrastructure: Status and Opportunities: A First Report %@ 978-0-309-69327-1 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26703/carbon-dioxide-utilization-markets-and-infrastructure-status-and-opportunities-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26703/carbon-dioxide-utilization-markets-and-infrastructure-status-and-opportunities-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 162 %X Carbon materials pervade many aspects of modern life, from fuels and building materials to consumer goods and commodity chemicals. Reaching net-zero emissions will require replacing existing fossil-carbon-based systems with circular-carbon economies that transform wastes like CO2 into useful materials. This report evaluates market opportunities and infrastructure needs to help decision makers better understand how carbon dioxide utilization can contribute to a net-zero emissions future. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Peer Review of Interim Report on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Predicting Wellhead Oil-Burning Efficiency at Bench and Intermediate Scales %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26211/peer-review-of-interim-report-on-computational-fluid-dynamics-model-for-predicting-wellhead-oil-burning-efficiency-at-bench-and-intermediate-scales %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26211/peer-review-of-interim-report-on-computational-fluid-dynamics-model-for-predicting-wellhead-oil-burning-efficiency-at-bench-and-intermediate-scales %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 52 %X Peer Review of Interim Report on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Predicting Wellhead Oil-Burning Efficiency at Bench and Intermediate Scales reviews OSRR 1063: Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement Report: Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Predicting Wellhead Oil-Burning Efficiency at Bench and Intermediate Scales: Interim Report (July 30, 2020), produced by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and funded by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE). Specifically, this report assesses the technical quality and completeness of the NRL report; the assumptions and approach used to develop the computational fluid dynamics model; and the completeness of the modeling results and experimental validation as an evidence base for determining whether wellhead burning is sufficient for mitigation of uncontrolled environmental release of oil in the event of loss of well control. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T New Directions for Chemical Engineering %@ 978-0-309-26842-4 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26342/new-directions-for-chemical-engineering %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26342/new-directions-for-chemical-engineering %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 368 %X Over the past century, the work of chemical engineers has helped transform societies and the lives of individuals, from the synthetic fertilizers that helped feed the world to the development of novel materials used in fuels, electronics, medical devices, and other products. Chemical engineers' ability to apply systems-level thinking from molecular to manufacturing scales uniquely positions them to address today’s most pressing problems, including climate change and the overuse of resources by a growing population. New Directions for Chemical Engineering details a vision to guide chemical engineering research, innovation, and education over the next few decades. This report calls for new investments in U.S. chemical engineering and the interdisciplinary, cross-sector collaborations necessary to advance the societal goals of transitioning to a low-carbon energy system, ensuring our production and use of food and water is sustainable, developing medical advances and engineering solutions to health equity, and manufacturing with less waste and pollution. The report also calls for changes in chemical engineering education to ensure the next generation of chemical engineers is more diverse and equipped with the skills necessary to address the challenges ahead. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon: Technical Challenges, Regulatory Issues, and Recommendations %@ 978-0-309-08867-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26009/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-on-the-horizon-technical-challenges-regulatory %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26009/innovations-in-pharmaceutical-manufacturing-on-the-horizon-technical-challenges-regulatory %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 120 %X In 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the Pharmaceutical Quality for the 21st Century Initiative to encourage adoption of innovative technologies that would lead to an agile, flexible pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. The goal was to encourage a transition to manufacturing processes and approaches that could produce high-quality drugs reliably without extensive regulatory oversight. Much progress has been made toward that goal as the industry has developed and advanced new technologies, but more progress is required as recent natural disasters and the coronavirus pandemic have revealed vulnerabilities in supply chains and highlighted the need to modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing further. At the request of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Innovations in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing on the Horizon identifies emerging technologies - such as product technologies, manufacturing processes, control and testing strategies, and platform technologies - that have the potential to advance pharmaceutical quality and modernize pharmaceutical manufacturing for products regulated by CDER. This report describes many innovations to modernize the manufacture of drug substances and drug products, to advance new control approaches, and to develop integrated, flexible, and distributed manufacturing networks within 5-10 years. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Importance of Chemical Research to the U.S. Economy %@ 978-0-309-68863-5 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26568/the-importance-of-chemical-research-to-the-us-economy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26568/the-importance-of-chemical-research-to-the-us-economy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Industry and Labor %P 232 %X Chemistry plays a pivotal role in the strength of the U.S. economy and the advancement of humankind. Chemists' achievements include life-saving pharmaceuticals, advanced energy solutions, improved agricultural productivity, and novel materials used in products from clothing to electronic devices. The many sectors reliant on the U.S. chemical economy account for about 25% of the U.S. GDP and support 4.1 million U.S. jobs. However, a new and evolving chemistry landscape requires changes with regard to funding, training, and a focus on integrating sustainability into manufacturing, product usage, and product disposal. This report identifies strategies and options for research investments that will support U.S. leadership while considering environmental sustainability and developing a diverse chemical economy workforce with equitable opportunities for all chemistry talent. The report recommends that funding agencies and philanthropic organizations who support the chemical sciences fund as large a breadth of fundamental research projects as possible. Chemical industry and their partners at universities, scientific research institutions, and national laboratories should align the objectives of fundamental research to directly assist with new practices toward environmental stewardship, sustainability, and clean energy. Additionally, the report recommends that funding agencies make substantial investment toward education research to enable innovative ways of teaching about emerging concepts, tools and technologies. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Why Indoor Chemistry Matters %@ 978-0-309-08399-7 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26228/why-indoor-chemistry-matters %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26228/why-indoor-chemistry-matters %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 190 %X People spend the vast majority of their time inside their homes and other indoor environments where they are exposed to a wide range of chemicals from building materials, furnishings, occupants, cooking, consumer products, and other sources. Despite research to date, very little is known about how exposures to indoor chemicals across complex chemical phases and pathways affect human health. The COVID-19 pandemic has only increased public awareness of indoor environments and shed light on the many outstanding questions about how best to manage chemicals indoors. This report identifies gaps in current research and understanding of indoor chemistry and new approaches that can be applied to measure, manage, and limit chemical exposures. Why Indoor Chemistry Matters calls for further research about the chemical transformations that can occur indoors, pathways and timing of indoor chemical exposure, and the cumulative and long-term impacts of exposure on human health. Research priorities should consider factors that contribute to measurable environmental health disparities that affect vulnerable populations, such as the age, location, and condition of buildings that can alter exposures to indoor chemicals. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Chemistry of Fires at the Wildland-Urban Interface %@ 978-0-309-27705-1 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26460/the-chemistry-of-fires-at-the-wildland-urban-interface %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26460/the-chemistry-of-fires-at-the-wildland-urban-interface %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 214 %X Wildfires in America are becoming larger, more frequent, and more destructive, driven by climate change and existing land management practices. Many of these fires occur at the wildland-urban interface (WUI), areas where development and wildland areas overlap and which are increasingly at risk of devastating fires as communities continue to expand into previously undeveloped areas. Unlike conventional wildfires, WUI fires are driven in part by burning of homes, cars, and other human-made structures, and in part by burning vegetation. The interaction of these two types of fires can lead to public health effects that are unique to WUI fires. This report evaluates existing and needed chemistry information that decision-makers can use to mitigate WUI fires and their potential health impacts. It describes key fuels of concern in WUI fires, especially household components like siding, insulation, and plastic, examines key pathways for exposure, including inhalation and ingestion, and identifies communities vulnerable to exposures. The report recommends a research agenda to inform response to and prevention of WUI fires, outlining needs in characterizing fuels, and predicting emissions and toxicants. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Corum, Margo %E Heard, Brent %E Johnson, Anne %E Lamontagne, Nancy D. %T Climate Intervention in an Earth Systems Science Framework: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27476/climate-intervention-in-an-earth-systems-science-framework-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27476/climate-intervention-in-an-earth-systems-science-framework-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 12 %X To consider how an Earth system science approach can inform research on climate intervention, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual workshop on June 20-22, 2023 titled Climate Intervention in an Earth Systems Science Framework. Individuals with a wide range of physical, ecological, and social sciences expertise explored climate interventions within the context of convergent research and the capacities of the National Science Foundation (NSF). The workshop drew on the National Academies report Next Generation Earth Systems Science at the National Science Foundation, which called upon NSF to pursue an Earth systems science initiative that emphasizes research on interconnections and feedback between natural and social processes; focuses on real-world problems; enhances the participation of social, engineering, and data scientists; and strengthens efforts to include diverse perspectives in research. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics: Eleventh Round %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25910/report-of-the-committee-on-proposal-evaluation-for-allocation-of-supercomputing-time-for-the-study-of-molecular-dynamics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25910/report-of-the-committee-on-proposal-evaluation-for-allocation-of-supercomputing-time-for-the-study-of-molecular-dynamics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 26 %X Report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics: Eleventh Round evaluates submissions received in response to a Request for Proposals (RFP) for Biomolecular Simulation Time on Anton 2, a supercomputer designed and built by D. E. Shaw Research (DESRES). Over the past 10 years, DESRES has made an Anton or Anton 2 system housed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center available to the non-commercial research community. The goal of the eleventh RFP for simulation time on Anton 2 is to continue to facilitate breakthrough research in the study of biomolecular systems by providing a massively parallel system specially designed for molecular dynamics simulations. The program seeks to continue to support research that addresses important and high impact questions demonstrating a clear need for Anton’s special capabilities. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Transforming EPA Science to Meet Today's and Tomorrow's Challenges %@ 978-0-309-68976-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26602/transforming-epa-science-to-meet-todays-and-tomorrows-challenges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26602/transforming-epa-science-to-meet-todays-and-tomorrows-challenges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Engineering and Technology %P 162 %X Since its establishment in 1970, the mission of the Environmental Protection Agency is to protect human health and the environment. EPA develops regulations, ensures compliance, and issues policies, in coordination with state, tribal, and local governments. To accomplish its mission, EPA should be equipped to produce and access the highest quality and most advanced science. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) provides the scientific bases for regulatory and public health policies that have broad impacts on the nation’s natural resources and quality of human life, and that yield economic benefits and incur compliance costs for the regulated community. In addition, ORD develops the agency core research capabilities, providing tools and methods for meeting current and anticipating future environmental challenges, such as the risks to health and the environment posed by climate change. Because challenges associated with environmental protection today are complex and affected by many interacting factors, the report points to the need for a substantially broader and better integrated approach to environmental protection. This report calls for EPA ORD to pursue all of its scientific aims in a new framework—to apply systems thinking to a One Environment − One Health approach in all aspects of ORD work. To accomplish this, the report provides actionable recommendations on how ORD might consider incorporating emerging science and systems thinking into the agency research planning, so that ORD can become an increasingly impactful organization. The report identifies a number of high-priority recommendations for ORD to pursue in taking advantage of a broad range of advanced tools, in concert with collaborators in other federal agencies and the broader scientific community. Given the resource constraints, the report recognizes that ORD will have to make decisions about priorities for implementing its recommendations, and that ORD leadership is in the best position to set those priorities as implementation begins. The report concluded by stating that shifting to a systems-thinking approach will require renewed support from science leadership, enhanced strategic planning, investment in new and broader expertise and tools, and a reimagined and inclusive commitment to communication and collaboration. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Ninth Biennial Review - 2022 %@ 978-0-309-69343-1 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26706/progress-toward-restoring-the-everglades-the-ninth-biennial-review-2022 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26706/progress-toward-restoring-the-everglades-the-ninth-biennial-review-2022 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 310 %X Over the past century, the Everglades has been dramatically altered by drainage and water management infrastructure intended to improve flood management, urban water supply, and agricultural production. Less than half of the original Everglades remain, and these remnants compete for water with urban and agricultural interests, all the while being impaired by contaminated runoff. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) was established in 2000 as a joint effort by the state and federal government to reverse the decline of the ecosystem. The multibillion project aims to restore the ecosystem over the course of 30 to 40 years by reestablishing the natural hydrological characteristics of the Everglades where feasible and ultimately creating a water system that serves both the natural and human needs of South Florida. Since 2004, a National Academies committee has provided a series of independent, peer-reviewed assessments of CERP progress. Implementation of CERP projects has occurred at a remarkable pace over the past two years due to record funding levels. Ecosystem responses are evident over large areas of the central and western Everglades after implementation of recent restoration initiatives. This progress in implementation has increased the importance of analyzing and synthesizing natural system responses. The committee review of ongoing progress highlights the need for rigorous scientific support for water quality improvement in stormwater treatment areas and modeling for a wider range of plausible climate conditions. Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Ninth Biennial Review - 2022 recommends the development of a multiagency Everglades restoration science plan to ensure the needed tools, research, analysis, and synthesis are available to support critical restoration management decisions. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Eighth Biennial Review - 2020 %@ 978-0-309-67978-7 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25853/progress-toward-restoring-the-everglades-the-eighth-biennial-review-2020 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25853/progress-toward-restoring-the-everglades-the-eighth-biennial-review-2020 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 324 %X During the past century, the Everglades, one of the world's treasured ecosystems, has been dramatically altered by drainage and water management infrastructure to improve flood management, urban water supply, and agricultural production. The remnants of the original Everglades now compete for water with urban and agricultural interests and are impaired by contaminated runoff from these two sectors. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), a joint effort launched by the state and the federal government in 2000, seeks to reverse the decline of the ecosystem. The multibillion-dollar project was originally envisioned as a 30- to 40-year effort to achieve ecological restoration by reestablishing the natural hydrologic characteristics of the Everglades, where feasible, and to create a water system that serves the needs of both the natural and the human systems of South Florida. In establishing the CERP, Congress also requested that an independent scientific review be conducted on progress toward restoration with biennial reports. The National Academies' Committee on Independent Scientific Review of Everglades Restoration Progress has provided biennial reviews of restoration progress and advice on scientific and engineering issues that may impact progress since 2004. This eighth study of the series describes substantive accomplishments over the past 2 years and reviews developments in research, monitoring, and assessment that inform restoration decision making. Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Eighth Biennial Review - 2020 also reviews the recently developed Combined Operational Plan, which is a prerequisite for CERP progress in the central Everglades, and examines issues facing the northern and southern estuaries, including priorities for science to support restoration decision making. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Options for a National Plan for Smart Manufacturing %@ 978-0-309-71084-8 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27260/options-for-a-national-plan-for-smart-manufacturing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27260/options-for-a-national-plan-for-smart-manufacturing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Engineering and Technology %P 156 %X Smart manufacturing technologies - from advanced sensors to new computing capabilities - have the potential to greatly improve the productivity, energy efficiency, and sustainability of the U.S. manufacturing sector. Successfully implementing these technologies is essential for ensuring U.S. competitiveness and providing new job opportunities for the U.S. workforce. Options for a National Plan for Smart Manufacturing explores promising technologies transforming the manufacturing sector and identifies the research and resources needed to accelerate smart manufacturing adoption industry wide. This report also identifies critical needs for education and workforce development for smart manufacturing and makes actionable recommendations to support and train the next-generation manufacturing workforce.