TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Sue F. Knapp A2 - Beth Hamby A2 - Holly Chase TI - Curriculum for New State DOT Transit Grant Managers in Administering Federal and State Transit Grants DO - 10.17226/22305 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22305/curriculum-for-new-state-dot-transit-grant-managers-in-administering-federal-and-state-transit-grants PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 203: Curriculum for New State DOT Transit Grant Managers in Administering Federal and State Transit Grants establishes a curriculum to provide state transit directors with a comprehensive resource to train new staff in Federal Transit Administration program management and subrecipient oversight. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Geoff Morrison A2 - Rex Hazelton A2 - Elise Emil A2 - Henry Canipe A2 - John Hildreth A2 - Dennis Halacho TI - Decision Making for Repair Versus Replacement of Highway Operations Equipment DO - 10.17226/27041 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27041/decision-making-for-repair-versus-replacement-of-highway-operations-equipment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Equipment failures often require state transportation agency fleet managers to consider whether the equipment should be repaired or replaced. The decision-making process typically considers a variety of factors.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1046: Decision Making for Repair Versus Replacement of Highway Operations Equipment is a handbook to help determine the basis for decisions about what to do with a downed piece of equipment as well as a guide for formulating such decisions in a cost-effective way.Supplemental to the report are a customizable Excel tool, a video explaining its Economic Analysis Module, and a video explaining its Decision Module. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Ester Sztein A2 - Paula Whitacre TI - America's Geoheritage II: Identifying, Developing, and Preserving America's Natural Legacy: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26316 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26316/americas-geoheritage-ii-identifying-developing-and-preserving-americas-natural-legacy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - America is endowed with places that embody a rich geoheritage, from sites where indigenous people subsisted for millennia, to mines that furnished the raw materials that built U.S. industry, to mountain ranges and river gorges with unparalleled recreational opportunities, to field sites where students can truly understand a geological process, to places of aesthetic or spiritual value, and many more across all states and territories. In order to assess the status of geoheritage and the activities of its practitioners in the United States in light of social, political, and environmental changes over the past ten years, the National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine convened a series of virtual webinars and a workshop. From September to December 2020, a Distinguished Speakers Webinar Program composed of eight webinars provided an overview of geoheritage initiatives, as well as focused presentations on geoheritage related to federal and state lands, cultural heritage, education, research, and economic development and geotourism. In January 2021, 101 land managers, state geologists, educators, researchers, and members and staff of professional societies and nongovernmental organizations participated in a virtual writing workshop to aggregate and organize community input on strategies and best practices in developing geoheritage sites across the United States. The participants were divided into focus groups that roughly aligned with the topics explored in the fall 2020 workshops. The groups worked synchronously and asynchronously over the course of a week, then presented their ideas in a plenary session. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the webinars and workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Accessing America's Great Outdoors: Forecasting Recreational Travel Demand DO - 10.17226/27315 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27315/accessing-americas-great-outdoors-forecasting-recreational-travel-demand PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Recreational travel is a major and growing activity in the United States. Recreation trips to outdoor parklands tend to have different characteristics than trips for other types of recreation, such as entertainment, sporting events, and regular exercise. NCHRP Web-Only Document 380: Accessing America's Great Outdoors: Forecasting Recreational Travel Demand, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, builds a set of models and open-source tools to predict recreational travel demand to “America’s Great Outdoors.” The demand models and tools created in this project could allow states, regional agencies, and public land managers to predict visitor demand and vehicle travel to their recreational sites under a variety of future scenarios. Supplemental to the document are an Executive Summary, an Implementation of Research Findings, and a Model Implementation Handbook. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Safety Regulation for Small LPG Distribution Systems DO - 10.17226/25245 PY - 2018 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25245/safety-regulation-for-small-lpg-distribution-systems PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The final version of TRB Special Report 327: Safety Regulation for Small LPG Distribution Systems is now available. The report examines the regulatory framework for gas pipeline systems that transport propane and other types of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for service to 100 or fewer customers. Most of the more than 12 million households and businesses that use LPG are on single-customer systems but a small number—between 3,800 and 5,800—are served by multi-user systems. These systems are potentially subject to federal safety regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).In response to a congressional request under the direction of PHMSA, the report reviews the safety regulatory framework that applies to small multi-user LPG pipeline systems, reviews what is known about their safety performance, and provides recommendations on ways to make their regulatory requirements more risk-based. The committee recommends that PHMSA develop more effective means of identifying small, multi-user LPG systems and to ensure they are inspected and their risks are better understood. The report recommends actions intended to allow more uniform interpretations of regulatory terms, the collection of condition and safety information on small LPG systems, and state regulators to seek permission from PHMSA to allow some small systems to opt out of certain federal regulatory requirements that are not applicable to their risks. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Using Graywater and Stormwater to Enhance Local Water Supplies: An Assessment of Risks, Costs, and Benefits SN - DO - 10.17226/21866 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21866/using-graywater-and-stormwater-to-enhance-local-water-supplies-an PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Chronic and episodic water shortages are becoming common in many regions of the United States, and population growth in water-scarce regions further compounds the challenges. Increasingly, alternative water sources such as graywater-untreated wastewater that does not include water from the toilet but generally includes water from bathroom sinks, showers, bathtubs, clothes washers, and laundry sinks- and stormwater-water from rainfall or snow that can be measured downstream in a pipe, culvert, or stream shortly after the precipitation event-are being viewed as resources to supplement scarce water supplies rather than as waste to be discharged as rapidly as possible. Graywater and stormwater can serve a range of non-potable uses, including irrigation, toilet flushing, washing, and cooling, although treatment may be needed. Stormwater may also be used to recharge groundwater, which may ultimately be tapped for potable use. In addition to providing additional sources of local water supply, harvesting stormwater has many potential benefits, including energy savings, pollution prevention, and reducing the impacts of urban development on urban streams. Similarly, the reuse of graywater can enhance water supply reliability and extend the capacity of existing wastewater systems in growing cities. Despite the benefits of using local alternative water sources to address water demands, many questions remain that have limited the broader application of graywater and stormwater capture and use. In particular, limited information is available on the costs, benefits, and risks of these projects, and beyond the simplest applications many state and local public health agencies have not developed regulatory frameworks for full use of these local water resources. To address these issues, Using Graywater and Stormwater to Enhance Local Water Supplies analyzes the risks, costs, and benefits on various uses of graywater and stormwater. This report examines technical, economic, regulatory, and social issues associated with graywater and stormwater capture for a range of uses, including non-potable urban uses, irrigation, and groundwater recharge. Using Graywater and Stormwater to Enhance Local Water Supplies considers the quality and suitability of water for reuse, treatment and storage technologies, and human health and environmental risks of water reuse. The findings and recommendations of this report will be valuable for water managers, citizens of states under a current drought, and local and state health and environmental agencies. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Susan L. Cutter TI - American Hazardscapes: The Regionalization of Hazards and Disasters SN - DO - 10.17226/10132 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10132/american-hazardscapes-the-regionalization-of-hazards-and-disasters PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Earth Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Barrier islands. Flood plains. Earthquake faults. Sometimes the environment poses threats to our well being, yet many of us continue to choose to live in risky or dangerous places. And on top of the “knowns” are the other, more hidden hazards related to environmental contamination that pose equally serious threats to our health and well being. But where are these places and what types of hazards are found there? American Hazardscapes examines the risks associated with living and owning property in diverse regions across the United States, offering dual perspectives: that of the geographer and that of the social science hazards researcher. The book summarizes what we already know about regional patterns of hazard events and losses during the previous three decades and goes further to shed light on the nature of the events themselves and their impact on society. Written for the relocating citizen and the policy maker alike, American Hazardscapes presents a regional ecology of disaster-prone or disaster-resistant states. It also offers thoughts on what local, state, and federal managers need to do to meet the challenge of reducing hazard losses in the next century. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Current State Issues with Implementing Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Section 5310 and Section 5311 Programs DO - 10.17226/23160 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23160/current-state-issues-with-implementing-federal-transit-administration-fta-section-5310-and-section-5311-programs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 320: Current State Issues with Implementing Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Section 5310 and Section 5311 Programs examines current issues facing state departments of transportation in the management and administration of their Elderly Individuals and Individuals with Disabilities program (Section 5310) and the Nonurbanized Area Formula program (Section 5311). The report also explores options for addressing these issues. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Byron Mason TI - Law, Science, and Disaster: Summary of the October 18, 2005 Workshop of the Disasters Roundtable DO - 10.17226/11593 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11593/law-science-and-disaster-summary-of-the-october-18-2005 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The Disasters Roundtable convened its 15th workshop on Law, Science, and Disaster on October 18, 2005. It is recognized that science and technology can provide part of the basis for more effective hazard-related laws and regulations, including zoning laws, building codes, and hazard disclosure requirements. It is also clear that issues unrelated to science and technology also drive the development of hazard and disaster law. This workshop examined recent developments and trends in hazard and disaster law and its implementation, and drew on the September 11, 2001 experience to discuss the related issue of victim compensation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Final Report from the NRC Committee on the Review of the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration (LACPR) Program SN - DO - 10.17226/12708 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12708/final-report-from-the-nrc-committee-on-the-review-of-the-louisiana-coastal-protection-and-restoration-lacpr-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers released the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration (LACPR) draft final technical report in March, 2009. In response to federal legislation, the Corps had to analyze hurricane protection, and design and present a full range of measures to protect against a storm equivalent to a category 5 hurricane. The request included measures for flood control, coastal restoration, and hurricane protection, and stipulated close coordination with the State of Louisiana and its appropriate agencies. This is the second and final report from the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on the Review of the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration (LACPR) Program. The committee was charged to review two draft reports from the LACPR team and to assess the hurricane risk reduction framework, alternatives for flood control, storm protection, coastal restoration, and risk analysis. This report presents this committee's review and advice for improvements of the LACPR March 2009 draft final technical report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Rural Transit Achievements: Assessing the Outcomes of Increased Funding for Rural Passenger Services Under SAFETEA-LU DO - 10.17226/23005 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23005/rural-transit-achievements-assessing-the-outcomes-of-increased-funding-for-rural-passenger-services-under-safetea-lu PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Results Digest 93: Rural Transit Achievements: Assessing the Outcomes of Increased Funding for Rural Passenger Services Under SAFETEA-LU (the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users) is a summary of a report that explores data and information on the changes in rural public and intercity bus transportation that have resulted from the increases in funding made available through SAFETEA-LU. The full report is available online as TCRP Web-Only Document 46. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - State Public Transportation Division Involvement in State Emergency Planning, Response, and Recovery DO - 10.17226/23102 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23102/state-public-transportation-division-involvement-in-state-emergency-planning-response-and-recovery PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 326: State Public Transportation Division Involvement in State Emergency Planning, Response, and Recovery explores the best policies and practices of state transit divisions pertaining to weather-related emergencies. The report highlights lessons learned from recent emergencies, issues associated with the involvement of state public transportation divisions, and best practices. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Managing Coastal Erosion SN - DO - 10.17226/1446 PY - 1990 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1446/managing-coastal-erosion PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - More and more of the nation's vast coastlines are being filled with homes and vacation resorts. The result is an increasing number of structures built on erosion-prone shores—with many of these structures facing collapse or damage. In response to mounting property losses, Congress has given the Federal Emergency Management Agency responsibility for incorporating coastal erosion into its National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). This book from the National Research Council addresses the immediate question of how to develop an erosion insurance program—as well as the larger issues raised by the continually changing face of our nation's shorelines. Managing Coastal Erosion explores major questions surrounding a national policy on coastal erosion: Should the federal government be in the business of protecting developers and individuals who build in erosion-prone coastal areas? How should such a program be implemented? Can it prompt more responsible management of coastal areas? The volume provides federal policymakers, state floodplain and resource managers, civil engineers, environmental groups, marine specialists, development companies, and researchers with invaluable information about the natural processes of coastal erosion and the effect of human activity on those processes. The book also details the workings of the NFIP, lessons to be learned from numerous state coastal management programs, and much more. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government: Information for Management and Decision Making SN - DO - 10.17226/10648 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10648/using-remote-sensing-in-state-and-local-government-information-for PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Advances in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution over the past several years have greatly expanded opportunities for practical applications of remote sensing data. To explore the implications of these possibilities, the NRC held a series of three workshops on different facets of remote sensing applications. This report is on the third of those workshops: the development and use of remote sensing data and information by state, local, and regional governments. The steering committee was asked to examine the opportunities, potential challenges, and policy issues associated with the application of remote sensing data in the public sector including approaches and procedures for government agencies to use such data and barriers to development and use of the applications. The resulting report is addressed primarily to non-technical managers and decisions makers at all levels of government below the federal level. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - A Review of the Proposed Revisions to the Federal Principles and Guidelines Water Resources Planning Document DO - 10.17226/13071 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13071/a-review-of-the-proposed-revisions-to-the-federal-principles-and-guidelines-water-resources-planning-document PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Since it was issued in 1983, the federal document Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resources Implementation Studies (the P&G) has guided water resources project planning for four federal agencies. Since the early 1980s, however, there have been many changes in the national water resources planning landscape. In light of these developments, many groups -- including committees of the National Research Council -- have recommended that the P&G be reviewed and modernized. In 2007 the U.S. Congress directed the Secretary of the Army to revise the P&G. Congress also directed the Secretary to consult with other entities, including the National Academy of Sciences. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) released its "Proposed National Objectives, Principles and Standards for Water and Related Resources Implementation Studies" in December, 2009. The present report from the National Research Council constitutes a review of the 2009 document issued by the CEQ. An effort to modernize the P&G document so that it reflects contemporary planning methods and principles, and today's societal and economic priorities, is timely. However, as this report explains, the 2009 proposed revisions lack clarity and consistency in several respects. Given that the 2009 document represents only a partial revision to the P&G document, and given several areas of ambiguity and incompleteness in the 2009 proposed revisions, detailed advice on specific planning procedures at this point would be premature. As CEQ proceeds with further revisions to the P&G document, clarification and specification in these areas detailed below will be necessary for the document to be of value to CEQ and the federal agencies that will use the document in decision making. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Chemistry and Engineering of Shale Gas and Tight Oil Resource Development: Workshop in Brief DO - 10.17226/21882 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21882/chemistry-and-engineering-of-shale-gas-and-tight-oil-resource-development PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Energy and Energy Conservation AB - Oil and gas exploration in the United States has expanded with the increased use of horizontal, or directional, drilling to facilitate the recovery of shale gas and tight oil resources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 25,000 to 30,000 new hydraulic fracturing wells were drilled each year between 2011 and 2014, and the impact of those wells and the use of hydraulic fracturing has been a topic of public and policy discussion in recent years. Though chemistry and chemical engineering are used extensively in the hydraulic fracturing process, their roles are not well understood outside of the oil and gas industries. In a workshop held May 18-19, 2015 in Washington, DC by the Chemical Sciences Roundtable, practitioners and experts in these fields came together to discuss shale gas and tight oil resource development. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - William A. Anderson TI - Disaster Risk Management in an Age of Climate Change: A Summary of the April 3, 2008 Workshop of the Disasters Roundtable DO - 10.17226/12575 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12575/disaster-risk-management-in-an-age-of-climate-change-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Conflict and Security Issues ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Richard Sylves A2 - Patricia Jones Kershaw TI - Reducing Future Flood Losses: The Role of Human Actions: Summary of a Workshop, March 2, 2004, Washington, DC: A Summary to the Disasters Roundtable DO - 10.17226/11171 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11171/reducing-future-flood-losses-the-role-of-human-actions-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - On March 2, 2004 the Disasters Roundtable held its 10th workshop, which dealt with the topic of flood hazards and what needs to be done to help reduce society�s future vulnerability to them. The summary of the workshop, entitled Reducing Future Flood Losses: The Role of Human Actions, covers discussion by academic, government and private sector experts and stakeholders on the role of local, state and federal government in countering flood disaster losses; initiatives undertaken by the private sector; insights from research on such topics as presidential flood disaster declarations; and discussion of the historical evolution of government flood policies, including those initiated by Congress and implemented by various administrations through the Corps of Engineers and FEMA. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - National Water Resources Challenges Facing the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers SN - DO - 10.17226/13136 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13136/national-water-resources-challenges-facing-the-us-army-corps-of-engineers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) is responsible for construction, operations, and maintenance of much of the nation's water resources infrastructure. This infrastructure includes flood control levees, multi-purpose dams, locks, navigation channels, port and harbor facilities, and beach protection infrastructure. The Corps of Engineers also regulates the dredging and filling of wetlands subject to federal jurisdictions. Along with its programs for flood damage reduction and support of commercial navigation, ecosystem restoration was added as a primary Corps mission area in 1996. The National Research Council (NRC) Committee on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on Water Resources Science, Engineering, and Planning was convened by the NRC at the request of the Corps of Engineers to provide independent advice to the Corps on an array of strategic and planning issues. National Water Resources Challenges Facing the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers surveys the key water resources challenges facing the Corps, the limits of what might be expected today from the Corps, and future prospects for the agency. This report presents several findings, but no recommendations, to the Corps of Engineers based on initial investigations and discussions with Corps leadership. National Water Resources Challenges Facing the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers can serve as a foundational resource for the Corps of Engineers, U.S. Congress, federal agencies, and Corps project co-sponsors, among others. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of Northeast Fishery Stock Assessments SN - DO - 10.17226/6067 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6067/review-of-northeast-fishery-stock-assessments PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Earth Sciences AB - The collapse of cod, flounder, and haddock fish stocks in the Northeast United States has caused widespread concern among managers and fishers in the United States and Canada. The diminishing stocks have forced managers to take strict regulatory measures. Numerous questions have been raised about the adequacy of stock assessment science used to evaluate the status of these stocks and the appropriateness of the management measures taken. Based on these concerns, Congress mandated that a scientific review of the methodology and data used to evaluate these stocks be conducted. In this volume, the committee concludes that although there are improvements to be made in data collection, modeling uncertainty, and communicating between fishers, managers, and scientists, the scientific methods used in the Northeast stock assessments are sound. Recommendations are made on how the stock assessment process can be improved. ER -