%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Oil in the Sea IV: Quick Guide for Practitioners and Researchers %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 84 %X This booklet provides key insights from Oil in the Sea IV: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, published in 2022, which benefited from significant advancements in scientific methods to detect the input and fates of oil in the sea, and from lessons learned from the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill in 2010. Going beyond previous reports, Oil in the Sea IV includes analysis of human health impacts of oil in the sea, oil in the Arctic marine environment, and prevention and response efforts that can help to both reduce the amount of oil reaching the sea and minimize its effects. The booklet is meant to serve as a reference guide to all those involved in oil spill research and response. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Oil in the Sea IV: Inputs, Fates, and Effects %@ 978-0-309-27429-6 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26410/oil-in-the-sea-iv-inputs-fates-and-effects %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26410/oil-in-the-sea-iv-inputs-fates-and-effects %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 516 %X Oil and natural gas represent more than 50 percent of the worldwide energy supply, with high energy demand driven by population growth and improving standards of living. Despite significant progress in reducing the amount of oil in the sea from consumption, exploration, transportation, and production, risks remain. This report, the fourth in a series, documents the current state-of-knowledge on inputs, fates and effects of oil in the sea, reflecting almost 20 additional years of research, including long-term effects from spills such as the Exxon Valdez and a decade-long boom in oil spill science research following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The report finds that land-based sources of oil are the biggest input of oil to the sea, far outweighing other sources, and it also notes that the effects of chronic inputs on the marine environment, such as land-based runoff, are very different than that from an acute input, such as a spill. Steps to prevent chronic land-based oil inputs include reducing gasoline vehicle usage, improving fuel efficiency, increasing usage of electric vehicles, replacing older vehicles. The report identifies research gaps and provides specific recommendations aimed at preventing future accidental spills and ensuring oil spill responders are equipped with the best response tools and information to limit oil’s impact on the marine environment. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment %@ 978-0-309-29886-5 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18625/responding-to-oil-spills-in-the-us-arctic-marine-environment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18625/responding-to-oil-spills-in-the-us-arctic-marine-environment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 210 %X U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T A Review of Genwest's Final Report on Effective Daily Recovery Capacity (EDRC): A Letter Report %@ 978-0-309-29675-5 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18579/a-review-of-genwests-final-report-on-effective-daily-recovery-capacity-edrc %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18579/a-review-of-genwests-final-report-on-effective-daily-recovery-capacity-edrc %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 41 %X The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) enforces compliance with oil spill response requirements for facilities located seaward of the coast line. It commissioned Genwest Systems, Inc., to assess the existing planning standard for response to offshore oil spills with mechanical oil skimming systems, known as the Effective Daily Recovery Capacity (EDRC), and to consider improvements to that standard. In its report, Genwest proposed an Estimated Recovery System Potential (ERSP) calculation as an alternative to EDRC. BSEE specifically asked the National Research Council committee to consider three aspects of the ERSP approach in the Genwest report: the proposed methodology of ERSP, its applicability, and the computer model behind ERSP. A Review of Genwest Effective Daily Recovery Capacity (EDRC) Project Final Report is an objective technical evaluation of the report produced by Genwest Systems, Inc., on the Effective Daily Recovery Capacity (EDRC). This report evaluates the scientific basis of the methodology, applicability, and modeling approach used in the Genwest report. In response to its statement of task, the authoring committee found the new approach for estimating the efficiency of oil skimmers presented by Genwest, (ERSP), to be basically sound and a substantial improvement over methods currently employed by BSEE in its rule-making. However, there are a number of simple improvements that can and should be made to the ERSP approach that would be extremely useful. This report examines the methodology and applicability of the ERSP calculation and discusses Genwests’s computer model. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Nicholson, Anna %E Giammaria, Claire %E Snair, Justin %T Preparing for a Rapid Response to Major Marine Oil Spills: Protecting and Assessing the Health and Well-Being of Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24924/preparing-for-a-rapid-response-to-major-marine-oil-spills %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24924/preparing-for-a-rapid-response-to-major-marine-oil-spills %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 9 %X On August 2–3, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop titled Preparing for a Rapid Response to Major Offshore Oil Spills: A Workshop on Research Needs to Protect the Health and Well-Being of Communities. Its objectives were to explore research needs and other opportunities for improving public health preparedness, response, and protection related to oil spills; consider how to work within and how to complement the existing oil spill response framework to improve the protection of community health and well-being; to inform discussions about how the Gulf Research Program and other divisions of the National Academies can support these efforts; and to foster connections among public health, oil spill practitioners, disaster research communities, and leaders from communities affected by oil spills. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response %@ 978-0-309-47818-2 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25161/the-use-of-dispersants-in-marine-oil-spill-response %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25161/the-use-of-dispersants-in-marine-oil-spill-response %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 340 %X Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response options—including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects %@ 978-0-309-09562-4 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11283/oil-spill-dispersants-efficacy-and-effects %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11283/oil-spill-dispersants-efficacy-and-effects %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 396 %X Approximately 3 million gallons of oil or refined petroleum products are spilled into U.S. waters every year. Oil dispersants (chemical agents such as surfactants, solvents, and other compounds) are used to reduce the effect of oil spills by changing the chemical and physical properties of the oil. By enhancing the amount of oil that physically mixes into the water, dispersants can reduce the potential that a surface slick will contaminate shoreline habitats. Although called for in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 as a tool for minimizing the impact of oil spills, the use of chemical dispersants has long been controversial. This book reviews the adequacy of existing information and ongoing research regarding the effectiveness of dispersants as an oil spill response technique, as well as the effect of dispersed oil on marine and coastal ecosystems. Oil Spill Dispersants also includes recommended steps for policy makers faced with making hard choices regarding the use of dispersants as part of spill contingency planning efforts or during actual spills. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E San Su, Yee %E Fisher, Kate %E Silverman, Joel %E Biglow, Jamie %E Suva, Riddhi %E Steward, Sydney %E Khazmutdinova, Karina %T Offshore Situation Room: Enhancing Resilience to Offshore Oil Disasters in the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-26913-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26347/offshore-situation-room-enhancing-resilience-to-offshore-oil-disasters-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26347/offshore-situation-room-enhancing-resilience-to-offshore-oil-disasters-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 86 %X More than a decade after the Deepwater Horizon disaster, the Gulf Research Program convened a diverse group of 60 experts in a virtual event to inform its efforts to enhance resilience to future offshore oil disasters in the Gulf of Mexico region. The event, Offshore Situation Room, took place over three half-days during June 15-17, 2021, and had four main objectives: 1) develop a concise, prioritized list of questions that need to be addressed to support successful prevention, response, and recovery that would minimize the impacts of an offshore oil disaster; 2) provide a collaborative atmosphere where participants can share ideas, capabilities, and information, and build a community dedicated to the successful prevention of, response to, and recovery from an offshore oil spill disaster; 3) explore capabilities for and impediments to prevention, response, recovery, and understanding impacts of an offshore oil disaster in the Gulf of Mexico; and 4) highlight how changes in policy, response, resilience, and restoration efforts may affect outcomes of a major offshore incident. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2013-2014 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21823/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2013-2014 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21823/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2013-2014 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 23 %X The 2013-2014 annual report highlights the establishment and first activities of the Gulf Research Program, an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, the Gulf Research Program seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico and other regions along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. This report reviews some of the Gulf Research Program's key accomplishments and demonstrates how what was learned throughout the planning process shaped the Program's foundation - from its strategic vision to the initial funding opportunities. The Gulf Research Program will build on this foundation while evolving to meet new challenges during its 30-year duration, 2013-2043. Each year, the Gulf Research Program will produce an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports will review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, assess metrics to determine how the Gulf Research Program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2013-2014 annual report is the first report in this series. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2018 %@ 978-0-309-49321-5 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25459/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2018 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25459/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2018 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 32 %X Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2018 annual report is the fifth report in this series. The GRP is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. This report captures key developments and successes in 2018. The GRP continues to build on its past work and seeks to learn, think about, and plan for how and where it can have the greatest cumulative and lasting impacts. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico %@ 978-0-309-28845-3 %D 2013 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18387/an-ecosystem-services-approach-to-assessing-the-impacts-of-the-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-in-the-gulf-of-mexico %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18387/an-ecosystem-services-approach-to-assessing-the-impacts-of-the-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-in-the-gulf-of-mexico %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 246 %X As the Gulf of Mexico recovers from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, natural resource managers face the challenge of understanding the impacts of the spill and setting priorities for restoration work. The full value of losses resulting from the spill cannot be captured, however, without consideration of changes in ecosystem services—the benefits delivered to society through natural processes. An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico discusses the benefits and challenges associated with using an ecosystem services approach to damage assessment, describing potential impacts of response technologies, exploring the role of resilience, and offering suggestions for areas of future research. This report illustrates how this approach might be applied to coastal wetlands, fisheries, marine mammals, and the deep sea—each of which provide key ecosystem services in the Gulf—and identifies substantial differences among these case studies. The report also discusses the suite of technologies used in the spill response, including burning, skimming, and chemical dispersants, and their possible long-term impacts on ecosystem services. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2015 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23643/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2015 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23643/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2015 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 32 %X Each year, the Gulf Research Program produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2015 annual report is the second report in this series. The Gulf Research Program is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. This report captures key developments and successes in 2015, as the Gulf Research Program began to implement its strategic vision and conducted its first funding competitions, investing more than $6.5 million in institutions and people in the Gulf region and beyond. It also introduces four initiatives that characterize the program’s main areas of interest. These initiatives will guide the development of a portfolio of grants, fellowships, and other activities with cumulative and lasting impact. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2016 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24885/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2016 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24885/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2016 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 36 %X Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2016 annual report is the third report in this series. The GRP is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. This report captures key developments and successes in 2016, as the GRP ramped up its grant offerings with five competitions for five different grant types: exploratory, synthesis, capacity building, research-practice, and research and development. The GRP continues to build on its past work and seeks to learn, think about, and plan for how and where it can have the greatest cumulative and lasting impacts. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates, and Effects %@ 978-0-309-08438-3 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10388/oil-in-the-sea-iii-inputs-fates-and-effects %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10388/oil-in-the-sea-iii-inputs-fates-and-effects %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 277 %X Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis of—and more effective measures against—pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Input—where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fate—how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effects—what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of ICCOPR's 2022-2027 Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan %@ 978-0-309-69600-5 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26780/review-of-iccoprs-2022-2027-oil-pollution-research-and-technology-plan %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26780/review-of-iccoprs-2022-2027-oil-pollution-research-and-technology-plan %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 66 %X After the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, advancing oil pollution research and technology to limit the environmental impacts of oil spills became a national and international priority. Congress responded by enacting the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and forming the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution Research (ICCOPR) to coordinate research for preventing, planning for, responding to, and mitigating the effects of oil pollution on the environment. To achieve this end, ICCOPR published the oil pollution research and technology plan to guide research and funding priorities in 1992, with updates released over the years, most recently, the 2022-2027 Research and Technology Plan. This new report provides advice and guidance on the approach, structure, adequacy, and implementation of ICCOPR 2022-2027 Research and Technology Plan. Coordinated research efforts are necessary so knowledge and capacity related to oil spill prevention, preparedness, response, mitigation, and restoration can be advanced. Future updates of the plan should utilize a more streamlined, transparent, and community-driven development process including development of an oil pollution research dashboard and inclusion of metrics to assess and communicate progress on oil pollution research priorities. ICCOPR should also initiate processes to allow for open-water field trials when appropriate. The report recommendations were developed to assist ICCOPR with developing a Research and Technology Plan that can be widely used to promote progress, coordination, and collaboration on priority oil pollution research needs within the United States and globally - research needs that are important for improving knowledge, capacity, and regulations to safeguard the environment. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Gulf Research Program Annual Report 2017 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25223/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2017 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25223/the-gulf-research-program-annual-report-2017 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 28 %X Each year, the Gulf Research Program (GRP) produces an annual report to summarize how funds were used. These reports review accomplishments, highlight activities, and, over time, will assess metrics to determine how the program is progressing in accomplishing its goals. The 2017 annual report is the fourth report in this series. The GRP is an independent, science-based program founded in 2013. Through grants, fellowships, and other activities, it seeks to enhance oil system safety and the protection of human health and the environment in the Gulf of Mexico region and other areas along the U.S. outer continental shelf with offshore oil and gas operations. This report captures key developments and successes in 2017. The GRP continues to build on its past work and seeks to learn, think about, and plan for how and where it can have the greatest cumulative and lasting impacts. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Peer Review of Interim Report on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Predicting Wellhead Oil-Burning Efficiency at Bench and Intermediate Scales %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26211/peer-review-of-interim-report-on-computational-fluid-dynamics-model-for-predicting-wellhead-oil-burning-efficiency-at-bench-and-intermediate-scales %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26211/peer-review-of-interim-report-on-computational-fluid-dynamics-model-for-predicting-wellhead-oil-burning-efficiency-at-bench-and-intermediate-scales %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 52 %X Peer Review of Interim Report on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Predicting Wellhead Oil-Burning Efficiency at Bench and Intermediate Scales reviews OSRR 1063: Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement Report: Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Predicting Wellhead Oil-Burning Efficiency at Bench and Intermediate Scales: Interim Report (July 30, 2020), produced by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and funded by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE). Specifically, this report assesses the technical quality and completeness of the NRL report; the assumptions and approach used to develop the computational fluid dynamics model; and the completeness of the modeling results and experimental validation as an evidence base for determining whether wellhead burning is sufficient for mitigation of uncontrolled environmental release of oil in the event of loss of well control. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of the Inland Estimated Recovery System Potential (ERSP) Prototype Calculator %@ 978-0-309-69146-8 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26649/review-of-the-inland-estimated-recovery-system-potential-ersp-prototype-calculator %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26649/review-of-the-inland-estimated-recovery-system-potential-ersp-prototype-calculator %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 65 %X In the wake of major oil spills, including the Exxon Valdez spill in 1989 and Deepwater Horizon spill in 2010, the United States developed tools for calculating the clean-up capability of oil spill response equipment. These tools, while useful for open-water spills, had limited applicability in nearshore and inland environments, leading the U.S. Coast Guard and partners to develop a new, inland Estimated Recovery System Potential (ERSP) calculator for oil recovery. The present review evaluates the inland ERSP calculator and accompanying documentation. While acknowledging the complexities associated with developing such a calculator for inland environments, the report recommends changes to the methodologies used and the software developed to better meet user needs. The calculator should be modified to more clearly establish the scope of its capabilities, so users understand the limitations on data they can input as well as what the calculator outputs tell them about the recovery potential of selected clean-up equipment. The calculator should also undergo thorough third-party validation and verification as well as quality assurance testing, to ensure it operates as intended. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Environmental Fate, Effects, and Response %@ 978-0-309-38010-2 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21834/spills-of-diluted-bitumen-from-pipelines-a-comparative-study-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21834/spills-of-diluted-bitumen-from-pipelines-a-comparative-study-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 166 %X Diluted bitumen has been transported by pipeline in the United States for more than 40 years, with the amount increasing recently as a result of improved extraction technologies and resulting increases in production and exportation of Canadian diluted bitumen. The increased importation of Canadian diluted bitumen to the United States has strained the existing pipeline capacity and contributed to the expansion of pipeline mileage over the past 5 years. Although rising North American crude oil production has resulted in greater transport of crude oil by rail or tanker, oil pipelines continue to deliver the vast majority of crude oil supplies to U.S. refineries. Spills of Diluted Bitumen from Pipelines examines the current state of knowledge and identifies the relevant properties and characteristics of the transport, fate, and effects of diluted bitumen and commonly transported crude oils when spilled in the environment. This report assesses whether the differences between properties of diluted bitumen and those of other commonly transported crude oils warrant modifications to the regulations governing spill response plans and cleanup. Given the nature of pipeline operations, response planning, and the oil industry, the recommendations outlined in this study are broadly applicable to other modes of transportation as well. %0 Book %T Spills of Nonfloating Oils: Risk and Response %@ 978-0-309-06590-0 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9640/spills-of-nonfloating-oils-risk-and-response %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9640/spills-of-nonfloating-oils-risk-and-response %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 88 %X In the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1996, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) was directed to assess the risk of spills for oils that may sink or be negatively buoyant, to examine and evaluate existing cleanup technologies, and to identify and appraise technological and financial barriers that could impede a prompt response to such spills. The USCG requested that the National Research Council (NRC) perform these tasks. In response to this request, the NRC established the Committee on the Marine Transportation of Heavy Oils.