TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Rebecca L. Sanders, Arizona State University A2 - Belinda Judelman, Sara Schooley, Toole Design Group, LLC TI - Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management DO - 10.17226/25618 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25618/pedestrian-safety-relative-to-traffic-speed-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Measures that are effective at reducing speed, such as speed humps and mini traffic circles, are sometimes used in low-speed areas such as school zones. But they are often not recommended or allowed (via local policy) on the higher-speed streets typically associated with the highest injury severity for pedestrians.For those higher-speed streets, redesigning them to communicate lower speed, such as through a roadway-reconfiguration effort, can effectively accomplish the goal of lowering speed. In the absence of street redesign, however, another effective current solution is enforcement, and particularly automated speed enforcement (ASE) that frees police to focus on other issues and that is free from implicit or explicit bias. It is important to carefully consider community context when selecting locations to employ ASE, to avoid disproportionately burdening any historically disadvantaged communities that surround the typically high-speed streets that need to be addressed.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 535: Pedestrian Safety Relative to Traffic-Speed Management aims to document what is known about strategies and countermeasures to address pedestrian safety via traffic-speed management in urban environments. For example, the City of San Francisco regularly uses curb extensions as traffic-calming devices on its streets. However, the political and land use context of each city heavily influences the types of treatments that are considered feasible for each city. Thus, the City of Los Angeles has had to find alternatives to both ASE and road diets, the latter of which have been the subject of intense public backlash in some cases.These realities—that speed management can be fraught with difficulty—have spurred creative thinking about how to work within contextual confines, resulting in some particularly noteworthy and promising practices. For example, the City of Nashville anticipated potential backlash against speed-management efforts and thus chose to work with advocacy groups to identify areas of the city desiring walkability improvements. By installing walkability improvements in those areas first, city leaders created instant wins that could be used as leverage for future projects.The authors of the synthesis found there may be a need for greater clarity about the speed-limit-setting process, as well as for greater collaboration between local and state agencies when state roads run through urban areas. In particular, it may be worth exploring whether there is a need for a framework that will foster collaboration between local and state staff on safety initiatives such as achieving flexibility in roadway design, changing laws or regulations that govern speed-limit setting, and finding a balance between local safety needs and regional mobility needs. Such a framework may support both local and state agencies attempting to address safety issues and reach larger goals as articulated through movements like Vision Zero. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Effectiveness of Behavioral Highway Safety Countermeasures DO - 10.17226/14195 PY - 2008 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14195/effectiveness-of-behavioral-highway-safety-countermeasures PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 622: Effectiveness of Behavioral Highway Safety Countermeasures explores a framework and guidance for estimating the costs and benefits of emerging, experimental, untried, or unproven behavioral highway safety countermeasures. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kimberly A. Eccles A2 - Rebecca Fiedler A2 - Bhagwant Persaud A2 - Craig Lyon A2 - Glenn Hansen TI - Automated Enforcement for Speeding and Red Light Running DO - 10.17226/22716 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22716/automated-enforcement-for-speeding-and-red-light-running PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 729: Automated Enforcement for Speeding and Red Light Running includes guidelines designed to help transportation agencies start-up and operate automated enforcement programs to improve highway safety by reducing speeding and red light running.Appendices A through G to NCHRP Report 729 are available in electronic versions only. The appendices are not available in the PDF or print version of the report.TR News 292: May-June 2014 includes an article about the report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - John W. Shaw A2 - Madhav V. Chitturi A2 - William Bremer A2 - David A. Noyce TI - Work Zone Speed Management DO - 10.17226/21901 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21901/work-zone-speed-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 482: Work Zone Speed Management documents the current state of practice for work zone speed management, including data, procedures, techniques, and technical issues related to observing and comparing work zone speeds. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Guide for Reducing Speeding-Related Crashes DO - 10.17226/14227 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14227/a-guide-for-reducing-speeding-related-crashes PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500, Vol. 23: Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan: A Guide for Reducing Speeding-Related Crashes provides suggested guidance on strategies that can be employed to reduce crashes involving speeding.In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its Strategic Highway Safety Plan, which was developed by the AASHTO Standing Committee for Highway Traffic Safety with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Safety Management. The plan includes strategies in 22 key emphasis areas that affect highway safety. The plan's goal is to reduce the annual number of highway deaths by 5,000 to 7,000. Each of the 22 emphasis areas includes strategies and an outline of what is needed to implement each strategy.Over the last few years the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) has developed a series of guides, all of which are now available, to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted areas. The guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRB Special Report 300 - Achieving Traffic Safety Goals in the United States: Lessons from Other Nations DO - 10.17226/13046 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13046/trb-special-report-300-achieving-traffic-safety-goals-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - AB - TRB has released the prepublication version of Special Report 300: Achieving Traffic Safety Goals in the United States: Lessons from Other Nations. The report explores the reasons why several high-income nations have achieved better highway safety records than the United States and recommends best practices from abroad that would fit in the U.S. context. The report examines traffic safety program management practices, risk reduction techniques, and the sources of public and political support for safety interventions. According to the committee that produced the report, the United States could see greater improvement in highway safety through the adoption of systematic, results-oriented safety management practices that are flexible enough to take into consideration local and regional legal constraints, community attitudes, resources, and road system and traffic characteristics. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Guide for Reducing Collisions at Signalized Intersections DO - 10.17226/23423 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23423/a-guide-for-reducing-collisions-at-signalized-intersections PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500 Volume 12: Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan -- A Guide for Reducing Collisions at Signalized Intersections provides strategies that can be employed to reduce the number of collisions at signalized intersections. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Identification of Liability-Related Impediments to Sharing §409 Safety Data among Transportation Agencies and a Synthesis of Best Practices: Appendixes B through E DO - 10.17226/22003 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22003/identification-of-liability-related-impediments-to-sharing-409-safety-data-among-transportation-agencies-and-a-synthesis-of-best-practices-appendixes-b-through-e PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 89 contains the appendixes for NCHRP Research Results Digest (RRD) 306: Identification of Liability-Related Impediments to Sharing §409 Safety Data among Transportation Agencies and a Synthesis of Best Practices. RRD 306 examines liability risks associated with sharing safety data among transportation agencies pursuant to Section 409 of Title 23, U.S.C. RRD 306 also explores best practices; reviews the Pierce County, Washington v. Guillen decision and its potential impact on managing state liability risk; and describes potential strategies for overcoming the impediments to data sharing, specifically those related to liability. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Criteria for Restoration of Longitudinal Barriers DO - 10.17226/14374 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14374/criteria-for-restoration-of-longitudinal-barriers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 656: Criteria for Restoration of Longitudinal Barriers explores the identification of levels of damage and deterioration to longitudinal barriers that require repairs to restore operational performance. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Roadside Barrier Designs near Bridge Rail Ends with Restricted Rights-of-Way: A National Survey and Testing Reports DO - 10.17226/26800 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26800/roadside-barrier-designs-near-bridge-rail-ends-with-restricted-rights-of-way-a-national-survey-and-testing-reports PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 334: Roadside Barrier Designs near Bridge Rail Ends with Restricted Rights-of-Way: A National Survey and Testing Reports includes appendices to NCHRP Research Report 1013: Roadside Barrier Designs near Bridge Rail Ends with Restricted Rights-of-Way: A Guide, which describes the application and installation of short-radius guardrail systems for roadside barriers near bridge rail ends with restricted rights-of-way. The appendices provide further details on the literature review, state survey responses, plus crash-test analyses and results. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Raghavan Srinivasan A2 - Taha Saleem A2 - Frank Gross A2 - Thanh Le A2 - Scott Himes A2 - R. J. Porter A2 - James Bonneson A2 - Bhagwant Persaud A2 - Craig Lyon TI - Crash Modification Factors in the Highway Safety Manual: A Review DO - 10.17226/27015 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27015/crash-modification-factors-in-the-highway-safety-manual-a-review PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Highway safety practitioners were given a significant new tool in 2010 with the publication of the AASHTO Highway Safety Manual. In the HSM, crash modification factors (CMFs) were provided to estimate the safety effects for a variety of treatments or countermeasures.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1029: Crash Modification Factors in the Highway Safety Manual: A Review assesses the current criteria and existing process for evaluating and identifying the quality of CMFs for appropriate use with the HSM and presents proposed revisions to the criteria and process, including how existing and new CMFs may be incorporated in the HSM. The evaluation criteria are applied to identify and assess CMFs.Supplemental to the report are NCHRP Web-Only Document 352: Crash Modification Factors in the Highway Safety Manual: Resources for Evaluation and a presentation on the work done to develop NCHRP Research Report 1029. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - T. K. Gwin A2 - Vivek Khanna A2 - Drishti Valecha A2 - Eric Risner A2 - Sheldon Menezes TI - Automated Pavement Condition Survey Practices at Airports DO - 10.17226/27220 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27220/automated-pavement-condition-survey-practices-at-airports PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Pavement condition data are a critical component of pavement management programs. The accuracy and validity of pavement condition data are the basis for many activities conducted by airports and local agencies. ACRP Synthesis 124: Automated Pavement Condition Survey Practices at Airports, from TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program, documents airport practices, challenges, and lessons learned in conducting automated pavement condition surveys, which are not always common practices at airports. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Scott Rosenbaugh A2 - Robert Bielenberg A2 - Ronald Faller A2 - Cody Stolle A2 - Jennifer Rasmussen A2 - Sina Changizian A2 - Joshua Steelman A2 - Karla Lechtenberg A2 - Chung Song A2 - Dan Linzell TI - Development of Installation Guidelines for Midwest Guardrail System in Combination with Roadside Curbs for MASH TL-3 Applications DO - 10.17226/27463 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27463/development-of-installation-guidelines-for-midwest-guardrail-system-in-combination-with-roadside-curbs-for-mash-tl-3-applications PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - While curbs are useful for many functions, highway design policies typically discourage the use of 6-inch- to 8-inch-tall curbs on high-speed roadways due to their potential to cause drivers to lose control in a crash. NCHRP Research Report 1089: Development of Installation Guidelines for Midwest Guardrail System in Combination with Roadside Curbs for MASH TL-3 Applications, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, develops guidelines for the use and placement of 31-inch-tall Midwest Guardrail System adjacent to curbs under Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 3 impact conditions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Chuck A. Plaxico A2 - Malcolm H. Ray A2 - Christine E. Carrigan A2 - T. Olaf Johnson A2 - Archie Ray TI - Criteria for Restoration of Longitudinal Barriers, Phase II DO - 10.17226/26321 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26321/criteria-for-restoration-of-longitudinal-barriers-phase-ii PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Guardrails are an important feature of the roadside that are used to shield errant motorists from becoming involved in even more catastrophic crashes by redirecting vehicles away from fixed hazards such as trees and poles and terrain hazards such as steep roadside slopes and fill embankments.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 304: Criteria for Restoration of Longitudinal Barriers, Phase II develops a Field Guide to assist maintenance personnel in making decisions about repairing damaged guardrail installations.Supplementary material to the document is Appendices A-S. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Inc. Kittelson & Associates TI - Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time Reliability DO - 10.17226/22687 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22687/evaluating-alternative-operations-strategies-to-improve-travel-time-reliability PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-L11-RR-1: Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time Reliability identifies and evaluates strategies and tactics intended to satisfy users’ travel-time reliability requirements of roadways.To that end, the report presents a set of options regarding technological changes, operational solutions, and organizational actions that have the potential to improve travel-time reliability both now and by the year 2030.An e-book version of this report is available for purchase at Amazon, Google, and iTunes. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections DO - 10.17226/14573 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14573/evaluation-of-safety-strategies-at-signalized-intersections PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 705: Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections explores crash modification factors (CMFs) for safety strategies at signalized intersections. CMFs are a tool for quickly estimating the impact of safety improvements. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Alternative Truck and Bus Inspection Strategies DO - 10.17226/13939 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13939/alternative-truck-and-bus-inspection-strategies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 10: Alternative Truck and Bus Inspection Strategies explores the characteristics of the various types of alternative commercial truck and bus inspection strategies currently being used by law enforcement agencies. The synthesis examines how vehicles are selected for inspection; how, when, and where vehicles are inspected; and the consequences of violations. The synthesis also provides information on the effectiveness of the inspection strategies, documenting benefits such as reduced costs and improved resource allocation. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Speed Reduction Techniques for Rural High-to-Low Speed Transitions DO - 10.17226/22890 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22890/speed-reduction-techniques-for-rural-high-to-low-speed-transitions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 412: Speed Reduction Techniques for Rural High-to-Low Speed Transitions explores techniques for lowering traffic speeds in rural transition zones. Transition zones are those portions of high-speed roads that have lower posted speed limits as the roadway approaches a settlement. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Technologies for Improving Safety Data DO - 10.17226/23155 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23155/technologies-for-improving-safety-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Syntheses 367: Technologies for Improving Safety Data explores new technologies for the acquisition, processing, and overall management of crash, roadway inventory, and traffic operations data. The report examines the current state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art use of technologies for efficient and effective collection and maintenance of data for highway safety analysis. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - William Williams A2 - Nathan Schulz A2 - Akram Abu-Odeh TI - Evaluation of Bridge Rail Systems to Confirm AASHTO MASH Compliance DO - 10.17226/26844 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26844/evaluation-of-bridge-rail-systems-to-confirm-aashto-mash-compliance PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - The AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) is the latest in a series of documents that provide guidelines on testing and evaluating roadside safety features. The 2016 document represents a comprehensive update to crash-test and evaluation procedures to reflect changes in the vehicle fleet, operating conditions, and roadside safety knowledge and technology.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1024: Evaluation of Bridge Rail Systems to Confirm AASHTO MASH Compliance presents an evaluation of bridge rail systems to confirm their compliance with MASH.Supplemental to the report are Appendices A-H. ER -