TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Philip Heymann A2 - Carol Petrie TI - What's Changing in Prosecution?: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10114 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10114/whats-changing-in-prosecution-report-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - This workshop arose out of the efforts of the Committee on Law and Justice to assist the National Institute of Justice in identifying gaps in the overall research portfolio on crime and justice. It was designed to develop ideas about the kinds of knowledge needed to gain a better understanding of the prosecution function and to discuss the past and future role of social science in advancing our understanding of modern prosecution practice. The Committee on Law and Justice was able to bring together senior scholars who have been working on this subject as well as current or former chief prosecutors, judges, and senior officials from the U.S. Department of Justice to share their perspectives. Workshop participants mapped out basic data needs, discussed the need to know more about recent innovations such as community prosecution, and discussed areas where one would expect to see changes that have not occurred. The resulting report summarizes these discussions and makes useful suggestions for learning more about prosecution. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Acute Myocardial Infarction: Setting Priorities for Effectiveness Research SN - DO - 10.17226/1629 PY - 1990 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1629/acute-myocardial-infarction-setting-priorities-for-effectiveness-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jordyn White TI - Estimating the Prevalence of Human Trafficking in the United States: Considerations and Complexities: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/25550 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25550/estimating-the-prevalence-of-human-trafficking-in-the-united-states-considerations-and-complexities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - A 2-day public workshop on estimating the prevalence of human trafficking in the United States was held by the Committee on National Statistics in collaboration with the Committee on Population April 8-9, 2019. The workshop explored current and innovative sampling methods, technological approaches, and analytical strategies for estimating the prevalence of sex and labor trafficking in vulnerable populations. The workshop, sponsored by the Office on Women's Health at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), brought together statisticians, survey methodologists, researchers, public health practitioners, and other experts who work closely with human trafficking data or with the survivors of trafficking. Participants addressed the current state of research on human trafficking, advancements in data collection, and gaps in the data. They discussed international practices and global trends in human trafficking prevalence estimation and considered ways in which collaborations across agencies and among the U.S. government and private-sector organizations have advanced counter-trafficking efforts. The workshop highlighted the importance of understanding the scope of human trafficking in order to inform and receive support from policy makers and change agents. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Wesley Skogan A2 - Kathleen Frydl TI - Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: The Evidence SN - DO - 10.17226/10419 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10419/fairness-and-effectiveness-in-policing-the-evidence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime “hot spots.” It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacy—how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Service Provider Perspectives on Family Violence Interventions DO - 10.17226/9053 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9053/service-provider-perspectives-on-family-violence-interventions PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences ER - TY - BOOK TI - Collective Behavior: From Cells to Societies: Interdisciplinary Research Team Summaries SN - DO - 10.17226/21737 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21737/collective-behavior-from-cells-to-societies-interdisciplinary-research-team-summaries PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - Collective Behavior is the summary of the 2014 National Academies Keck Futures Initiative Conference on Collective Behavior. Participants were divided into fourteen interdisciplinary research teams. The teams spent nine hours over two days exploring diverse challenges at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine. The composition of the teams was intentionally diverse, to encourage the generation of new approaches by combining a range of different types of contributions. The teams included researchers from science, engineering, and medicine, as well as representatives from private and public funding agencies, universities, businesses, journals, and the science media. Researchers represented a wide range of experience - from postdoc to those well established in their careers - from a variety of disciplines that included science and engineering, medicine, physics, biology, economics, and behavioral science. The teams needed to address the challenge of communicating and working together from a diversity of expertise and perspectives as they attempted to solve a complicated, interdisciplinary problem in a relatively short time. This report highlights the presentations of the event and includes the team reports and pre-meeting materials. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Future Aerospace Ground Test Facility Requirements for the Arnold Engineering Development Center DO - 10.17226/9189 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9189/future-aerospace-ground-test-facility-requirements-for-the-arnold-engineering-development-center PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Effects of a Polluted Environment: Research and Development Needs DO - 10.17226/18686 PY - 1977 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18686/effects-of-a-polluted-environment-research-and-development-needs PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Developing Policing Practices that Build Legitimacy SN - DO - 10.17226/26678 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26678/developing-policing-practices-that-build-legitimacy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Scholars, policymakers, and the public view police legitimacy and community trust in the police alike as essential components of an effective police organization. An extensive network of international and regional organizations, bilateral donors, international financial institutions, and civil society organizations aims to work with governments to improve policing practices and enhance police legitimacy. As a part of that network, the U.S. Department of State, through its Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), provides foreign assistance to and supports capacity building for criminal justice systems and police organizations in approximately 90 countries. Like many donors, it strives to direct its resources to the most effective approaches to achieve its mission. At the request of INL, the Committee on Law and Justice of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to review, assess, and reach consensus on existing evidence on policing institutions, police practices and capacities, and police legitimacy in the international context. The committee produced five reports, addressing questions of interest to INL and the State Department. Developing Policing Practices that Build Legitimacy, the fourth in this series, responds to the question: What policing practices build community trust and legitimacy in countries with low-to-moderate criminal justice sector capacity? This report focuses on the concept of legitimacy and ways of building legitimacy to foster this kind of trust and expectations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Police Strategies to Control High-Level Corruption: A Global Perspective SN - DO - 10.17226/26781 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26781/police-strategies-to-control-high-level-corruption-a-global-perspective PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The US Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement (INL) provides assistance and supports capacity building for criminal justice systems and police organizations in approximately 90 countries. In order to support and inform that work, this report explores high-level corruption and its effects on police organizations, as well as strategies that police can use to effectively contribute to efforts to combat that corruption. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Nancy A. Crowell A2 - Ann W. Burgess TI - Understanding Violence Against Women SN - DO - 10.17226/5127 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5127/understanding-violence-against-women PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - Violence against women is one factor in the growing wave of alarm about violence in American society. High-profile cases such as the O.J. Simpson trial call attention to the thousands of lesser-known but no less tragic situations in which women's lives are shattered by beatings or sexual assault. The search for solutions has highlighted not only what we know about violence against women but also what we do not know. How can we achieve the best understanding of this problem and its complex ramifications? What research efforts will yield the greatest benefit? What are the questions that must be answered? Understanding Violence Against Women presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifies four areas with the greatest potential return from a research investment by increasing the understanding of and responding to domestic violence and rape: What interventions are designed to do, whom they are reaching, and how to reach the many victims who do not seek help. Factors that put people at risk of violence and that precipitate violence, including characteristics of offenders. The scope of domestic violence and sexual assault in America and its conequences to individuals, families, and society, including costs. How to structure the study of violence against women to yield more useful knowledge. Despite the news coverage and talk shows, the real fundamental nature of violence against women remains unexplored and often misunderstood. Understanding Violence Against Women provides direction for increasing knowledge that can help ameliorate this national problem. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - John Balog A2 - Annabelle Boyd A2 - Jim Caton A2 - Peter Bromley A2 - Jamie Beth Strongin A2 - David Chia A2 - Kathleen Bagdonas TI - Public Transportation Emergency Mobilization and Emergency Operations Guide DO - 10.17226/23305 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23305/public-transportation-emergency-mobilization-and-emergency-operations-guide PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 86: Public Transportation Security, Volume 7 -- Public Transportation Emergency Mobilization and Emergency Operations Guide examines activities that may be taken by public transportation agencies working with their local communities to promote the early recognition of emergency events, expedite response to emergency events, establish multi-agency coordination, and ensure that public transportation resources are available to support the response to an emergency event.TCRP Web Only Document 25, Public Transportation Emergency Mobilization Guide: Appendix B—Survey of U. S. Public Transportation Systems includes additional information on the survey used as input on TCRP Report 86.The TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security series assembles relevant information into single, concise volumes, each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. These volumes focus on the concerns that transit agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Health Planning in the United States: Issues in Guideline Development, Report of a Study DO - 10.17226/9937 PY - 1980 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9937/health-planning-in-the-united-states-issues-in-guideline-development PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Measuring and Communicating the Effects of Traffic Incident Management Improvements DO - 10.17226/23368 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23368/measuring-and-communicating-the-effects-of-traffic-incident-management-improvements PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’ National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 289: Measuring and Communicating the Effects of Traffic Incident Management Improvements examines performance measures for traffic incident management. Appendixes to NCHRP Research Results Digest 289 are available online. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Strengthening and Sustaining a Network of Public and Animal Health Clinical Laboratories in Pakistan: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25288 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25288/strengthening-and-sustaining-a-network-of-public-and-animal-health-clinical-laboratories-in-pakistan PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - As part of a multiyear project to promote a cooperative relationship between U.S. and Pakistani human and animal health and infectious disease experts, the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, together with the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, convened a bilateral workshop in Islamabad, Pakistan, to promote best practices in and improved communications, cooperation, and coordination among public, private, military, and animal health clinical laboratories in Pakistan. The workshop, "Strengthening and Sustaining a Network of Public and Animal Health Clinical Laboratories in Pakistan," was held on September 27-29, 2016. Pakistani life science, public health, veterinary, and clinical laboratory experts, graduate students from Pakistani institutions of higher learning, and U.S. scientists/clinicians met at the workshop to explore questions facing human and animal health policy makers in Pakistan. This publication summarizes presentations and discussions of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector: Special Report 289 DO - 10.17226/12019 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12019/building-the-road-safety-profession-in-the-public-sector-special PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure KW - Industry and Labor AB - TRB Special Report 289: Building the Road Safety Profession in the Public Sector examines the growing need for experts at all levels of government to develop and implement systems- and science-based approaches to road safety management. According to the committee that authored the report, the lack of professional recognition and comprehensive road safety education and training opportunities is threatening the ability of public agencies to build the knowledgeable and skilled road safety workforce that is needed to make safety advances. To address this need, the report recommends that the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and the Governors Highway Safety Association forge a broad-based alliance of public, private, and educational organizations to champion the road safety profession. The report recommends that the alliance encourage states to take advantage of federal workforce training funds for the purpose of developing road safety professionals and to advocate comprehensive road safety education and training by universities, including the many publicly funded transportation and safety research centers. In addition, the report urges the alliance to explore the creation of one or more specialized institutes to provide comprehensive instruction and training for road safety professionals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council TI - Toward a National Health Care Survey: A Data System for the 21st Century SN - DO - 10.17226/1941 PY - 1992 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1941/toward-a-national-health-care-survey-a-data-system-for PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The nation's health care system has changed dramatically and the country is debating further significant changes. Comprehensive information is needed to guide policymakers in understanding and evaluating the current problems and in formulating federal health care policy. This book contains an evaluation of the plan developed by the National Center for Health Statistics for restructuring its existing provider surveys. It identifies current and future data needed by researchers and policymakers to assess the effect of changes in financing, organization, and delivery of health care on access, quality, costs, and outcomes of care and determines the extent to which the design and content of the proposed survey can meet these data needs. The book goes beyond a simple review and recommends a design framework to develop a coordinated and integrated data system to gather information about people and their illness over time and to link this information to costs and health care outcomes. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jocelyn Widmer TI - Supporting Family and Community Investments in Young Children Globally: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences SN - DO - 10.17226/21883 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21883/supporting-family-and-community-investments-in-young-children-globally-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - To examine the science, policy, and practice surrounding supporting family and community investments in young children globally and children in acute disruptions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in partnership with the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July 27-29, 2015. The workshop examined topics related to supporting family and community investments in young children globally. Examples of types of investments included financial and human capital. Participants also discussed how systems can better support children, families, and communities through acute disruptions such as the Ebola outbreak. Over the course of the 3-day workshop, researchers, policy makers, program practitioners, funders, young influencers, and other experts from 19 countries discussed how best to support family and community investments across areas of health, education, nutrition, social protection, and other service domains. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Lorenz Rhomberg TI - Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces: Analytical Framework for Assessing Risks SN - DO - 10.17226/9708 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9708/strategies-to-protect-the-health-of-deployed-us-forces-analytical PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Deployment of forces in hostile or unfamiliar environments is inherently risky. The changing missions and increasing use of U.S. forces around the globe in operations other than battle call for greater attention to threats of non-battle-related health problems—including infections, pathogen- and vector-borne diseases, exposure to toxicants, and psychological and physical stress—all of which must be avoided or treated differently from battle casualties. The likelihood of exposure to chemical and biological weapons adds to the array of tactical threats against which protection is required. The health consequences of physical and psychological stress, by themselves or through interaction with other threats, are also increasingly recognized. In addition, the military's responsibility in examining potential health and safety risks to its troops is increasing, and the spectrum of health concerns is broadening, from acute illness and injury due to pathogens and accidents to possible influences of low-level chemical exposures, which can manifest themselves in reproductive health and chronic illnesses years later, perhaps even after cessation of military service. Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces develops an analytical framework for assessing risks, which would encompass the risks of adversed health effects from battle injuries, including those from chemical- and biological-warfare agents, and non-battle-related health problems. The presumed spectrum of deployment ranged from peacekeeping to full-scale conflict. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Technical, Business, and Legal Dimensions of Protecting Children from Pornography on the Internet: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/10324 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10324/technical-business-and-legal-dimensions-of-protecting-children-from-pornography-on-the-internet PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - In response to a mandate from Congress in conjunction with the Protection of Children from Sexual Predators Act of 1998, the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) and the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine established the Committee to Study Tools and Strategies for Protecting Kids from Pornography and Their Applicability to Other Inappropriate Internet Content.To collect input and to disseminate useful information to the nation on this question, the committee held two public workshops. On December 13, 2000, in Washington, D.C., the committee convened a workshop to focus on nontechnical strategies that could be effective in a broad range of settings (e.g., home, school, libraries) in which young people might be online. This workshop brought together researchers, educators, policy makers, and other key stakeholders to consider and discuss these approaches and to identify some of the benefits and limitations of various nontechnical strategies. The December workshop is summarized in Nontechnical Strategies to Reduce Children's Exposure to Inappropriate Material on the Internet: Summary of a Workshop. The second workshop was held on March 7, 2001, in Redwood City, California. This second workshop focused on some of the technical, business, and legal factors that affect how one might choose to protect kids from pornography on the Internet. The present report provides, in the form of edited transcripts, the presentations at that workshop. ER -