@BOOK{NAP editor = "Noreen Grice", title = "Touch the Sun: A NASA Braille Book", abstract = "Touch the Sun is a universally designed book with colorful raised images and combined text in print and Braille that explores the dynamic nature of our Sun.\nTopics include: size comparison between Earth and the Sun, the interior layers of the Sun, sunspots and their motion, views of the Sun in visible and ultraviolet light, solar eruptions as seen from space based observatories, massive solar storms, and the effect of space weather on Earth.\nAccording to the author, \"This book is hot!\"", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11219/touch-the-sun-a-nasa-braille-book", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Field of Solar Physics: Review and Recommendations for Ground-Based Solar Research", isbn = "978-0-309-04082-2", abstract = "Exciting new observational and theoretical advances lead today's solar physicists to challenge many of the predictions of even recent models. This volume summarizes the major questions at the forefront of solar physics theory and observations, and proposes priority recommendations to explore these questions. The study also addresses serious institutional issues that have beset solar physics including the role of the universities in the national solar observations, structural barriers to careers in solar physics, and the leadership role of the federal funding agencies for ground-based solar research.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1425/the-field-of-solar-physics-review-and-recommendations-for-ground", year = 1989, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Ground-Based Solar Research: An Assessment and Strategy for the Future", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9462/ground-based-solar-research-an-assessment-and-strategy-for-the", year = 1998, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "A Space Physics Paradox: Why Has Increased Funding Been Accompanied by Decreased Effectiveness in the Conduct of Space Physics Research?", isbn = "978-0-309-05177-4", abstract = "This book investigates and analyzes several disturbing trends in government support for space physics research over the past decade. The authors identify funding and management problems that thwart cost efficiency within this discipline, and suggest possible solutions. The volume also has broader implications for anyone engaged in research or in the funding and organizing of space physics research.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4792/a-space-physics-paradox-why-has-increased-funding-been-accompanied", year = 1994, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium: An Overview", abstract = "The report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee (AASC), Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium, contains recommendations in priority order for new initiatives to realize the science goals of the field. It is the most recent in a series of surveys that are carried out once every ten years.\nIn preparing the New Millennium report, the AASC made use of a series of panel reports that address various aspects of ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics. These reports provide in-depth technical detail.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10314/astronomy-and-astrophysics-in-the-new-millennium-an-overview", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Federal Funding of Astronomical Research", isbn = "978-0-309-07139-0", abstract = "The Committee on Astronomy and Astrophysics (CAA), at its meeting on September 8, 1997, was briefed on the legislative report accompanying the bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for the National Science Foundation (NSF). The report raised a number of questions about trends in support for research in astronomy and the overall robustness of the programs providing that support. At its meeting, the CAA heard the views of NSF and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on these issues. In consultation with the Board on Physics and Astronomy, the Space Studies Board, and representatives of NASA and NSF, the committee accepted the task of studying three of the questions raised by the House Science Committee (HSC). It was intended that the results of the study would help guide federal support of basic research for the next decade and serve as analytical input to the new 2000 decadal survey of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee (AASC). The study would not offer specific funding recommendations, but rather would provide a background analysis of the alignment between available resources, agency priorities, and the vitality of the basic research program.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9954/federal-funding-of-astronomical-research", year = 2000, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "U.S. Astronomy and Astrophysics: Managing an Integrated Program", isbn = "978-0-309-07626-5", abstract = "In its fiscal year 2002 budget summary document the Bush administration expressed concern\u2014based in part on the findings and conclusions of two National Research Council studies\u2014about recent trends in the federal funding of astronomy and astrophysics research. The President's budget blueprint suggested that now is the time to address these concerns and directed the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to establish a blue ribbon panel to (1) assess the organizational effectiveness of the federal research enterprise in astronomy and astrophysics, (2) consider the pros and cons of transferring NSF's astronomy responsibilities to NASA, and (3) suggest alternative options for addressing issues in the management and organization of astronomical and astrophysical research. NASA and NSF asked the National Research Council to carry out the rapid assessment requested by the President. This report, focusing on the roles of NSF and NASA, provides the results of that assessment.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10190/us-astronomy-and-astrophysics-managing-an-integrated-program", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1970s: Volume 1: Report of the Astronomy Survey Committee", abstract = "From the time of the ancient Greeks to the mid-twentieth century, the universe was conceived as of as an unchanging cosmos of fixed stars. The growth of technology, theoretical insight, and deeper understanding of the properties of matter, however, have replaced this view with a steadily expanding universe of galaxies\u2014each galaxy a majestic, solely rotating collection of stars intertwined with dust and gases. Dramatic growth in the tools and techniques of observational astronomy have led to the discovery of explosive events, such as exploding galaxies and quasars, and an almost universal presence of high-energy particles and magnetic fields.\nAstronomy and Astrophysics for the 1970s: Volume 1 discusses the future of astronomy and astrophysics and recommends new programs and increased funding of moderate research. It concludes that a balanced and well-planned space-astronomy program with adequate computational facilities is essential. The goal should be one large space telescope. The book also asserts that both large national centers and strong university groups are critical for health, balance and innovation.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13231/astronomy-and-astrophysics-for-the-1970s-volume-1-report-of", year = 1972, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium", isbn = "978-0-309-07031-7", abstract = "In this new book, a distinguished panel makes recommendations for the nation's programs in astronomy and astrophysics, including a number of new initiatives for observing the universe. With the goal of optimum value, the recommendations address the role of federal research agencies, allocation of funding, training for scientists, competition and collaboration among space facilities, and much more.\n\n\nThe book identifies the most pressing science questions and explains how specific efforts, from the Next Generation Space Telescope to theoretical studies, will help reveal the answers. Discussions of how emerging information technologies can help scientists make sense of the wealth of data available are also included.\n\n\nAstronomy has significant impact on science in general as well as on public imagination. The committee discusses how to integrate astronomical discoveries into our education system and our national life.\n\n\nIn preparing the New Millennium report, the AASC made use of a series of panel reports that address various aspects of ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics. These reports provide in-depth technical detail.\nAstronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millenium: An Overview summarizes the science goals and recommended initiatives in a short, richly illustrated, non-technical booklet.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9839/astronomy-and-astrophysics-in-the-new-millennium", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Scientific Prerequisites for the Human Exploration of Space", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12300/scientific-prerequisites-for-the-human-exploration-of-space", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics", isbn = "978-0-309-15799-5", abstract = "Driven by discoveries, and enabled by leaps in technology and imagination, our understanding of the universe has changed dramatically during the course of the last few decades. The fields of astronomy and astrophysics are making new connections to physics, chemistry, biology, and computer science. Based on a broad and comprehensive survey of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics outlines a plan for ground- and space- based astronomy and astrophysics for the decade of the 2010's.\nRealizing these scientific opportunities is contingent upon maintaining and strengthening the foundations of the research enterprise including technological development, theory, computation and data handling, laboratory experiments, and human resources. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics proposes enhancing innovative but moderate-cost programs in space and on the ground that will enable the community to respond rapidly and flexibly to new scientific discoveries. The book recommends beginning construction on survey telescopes in space and on the ground to investigate the nature of dark energy, as well as the next generation of large ground-based giant optical telescopes and a new class of space-based gravitational observatory to observe the merging of distant black holes and precisely test theories of gravity.\nNew Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics recommends a balanced and executable program that will support research surrounding the most profound questions about the cosmos. The discoveries ahead will facilitate the search for habitable planets, shed light on dark energy and dark matter, and aid our understanding of the history of the universe and how the earliest stars and galaxies formed. The book is a useful resource for agencies supporting the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over those agencies, the scientific community, and the public.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12951/new-worlds-new-horizons-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences", title = "Ground-Based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program", abstract = "Astronomy has as its domain the study of the celestial bodies\u2014the sun, planets, stars, clouds of gas between the stars, galaxies\u2014and undeniably the entire universe considered as a single system. Astronomy's goal is to learn the nature of these diverse objects and to relate their properties, their motions, and their distribution in space in a unified world picture; to understand the evolutionary development of the universe from the time of its formation to the present epoch of observation and beyond; and indeed to discover, if possible, its original state and its final destiny.\nEmphasizing astronomy as a pure science, this report presents the challenges scientists and the government face in regards to radio and optical astronomical programs. Ground-based Astronomy: A Ten-Year Program explores a balanced course for new facilities of ground-based astronomy in the next decade, and provides recommendations to create a progressive program that considers a wide spectrum of past inadequacies and future growth components. Outlining guiding principles and estimates of facility costs, Ground-based Astronomy examines present positions in research and development to further advancement of astronomy in various sectors.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13212/ground-based-astronomy-a-ten-year-program", year = 1964, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "New Worlds, New Horizons: A Midterm Assessment", isbn = "978-0-309-44510-8", abstract = "New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (NWNH), the report of the 2010 decadal survey of astronomy and astrophysics, put forward a vision for a decade of transformative exploration at the frontiers of astrophysics. This vision included mapping the first stars and galaxies as they emerge from the collapse of dark matter and cold clumps of hydrogen, finding new worlds in a startlingly diverse population of extrasolar planets, and exploiting the vastness and extreme conditions of the universe to reveal new information about the fundamental laws of nature. NWNH outlined a compelling program for understanding the cosmic order and for opening new fields of inquiry through the discovery areas of gravitational waves, time-domain astronomy, and habitable planets. Many of these discoveries are likely to be enabled by cyber-discovery and the power of mathematics, physics, and imagination. To help realize this vision, NWNH recommended a suite of innovative and powerful facilities, along with balanced, strong support for the scientific community engaged in theory, data analysis, technology development, and measurements with existing and new instrumentation. Already in the first half of the decade, scientists and teams of scientists working with these cutting-edge instruments and with new capabilities in data collection and analysis have made spectacular discoveries that advance the NWNH vision. \n\nNew Worlds, New Horizons: A Midterm Assessment reviews the responses of NASA's Astrophysics program, NSF's Astronomy program, and DOE's Cosmic Frontiers program to NWNH. This report describes the most significant scientific discoveries, technical advances, and relevant programmatic changes in astronomy and astrophysics over the years since the publication of the decadal survey, and assesses how well the Agencies' programs address the strategies, goals, and priorities outlined in the 2010 decadal survey.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23560/new-worlds-new-horizons-a-midterm-assessment", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of the Phase II Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-69366-0", abstract = "Affecting technological systems at a global-scale, space weather can disrupt high-frequency radio signals, satellite-based communications, navigational satellite positioning and timing signals, spacecraft operations, and electric power delivery with cascading socioeconomic effects resulting from these disruptions. Space weather can also present an increased health risk for astronauts, as well as aviation flight crews and passengers on transpolar flights.\nIn 2019, the National Academies was approached by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Science Foundation to organize a workshop that would examine the operational and research infrastructure that supports the space weather enterprise, including an analysis of existing and potential future measurement gaps and opportunities for future enhancements. This request was subsequently modified to include two workshops, the first (\"Phase I\") of which occurred in two parts on June 16-17 and September 9-11, 2020.\nThe Phase II workshop occurred on April 11-14, 2022, with sessions on agency updates, research needs, data science, observational and modeling needs, and emerging architectures relevant to the space weather research community and with ties to operational needs. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of that workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26712/planning-the-future-space-weather-operations-and-research-infrastructure-proceedings", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Improving NASA's Technology for Space Science", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12299/improving-nasas-technology-for-space-science", year = 1993, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "The Effects of Solar Variability on Earth's Climate: A Workshop Report", isbn = "978-0-309-26564-5", abstract = "On September 8-9, 2011, experts in solar physics, climate models, paleoclimatology, and atmospheric science assembled at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado for a workshop to consider the Sun's variability over time and potential Sun-climate connections.While it does not provide findings, recommendations, or consensus on the current state of the science, The Effects of Solar Variability on Earth's Climate: A Workshop Report briefly introduces the primary topics discussed by presenters at the event. As context for these topics, the summary includes background information on the potential Sun-climate connection, the measurement record from space, and potential perturbations of climate due to long-term solar variability. This workshop report also summarizes some of the science questions explored by the participants as potential future research endeavors.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13519/the-effects-of-solar-variability-on-earths-climate-a-workshop", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Review of NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center", isbn = "978-0-309-08911-1", abstract = "The report reviews the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and assesses how well the center is managing its holdings, serving its users, and supporting NOAA's mission. It concludes that NGDC is the natural place within NOAA and the nation for stewardship and dissemination of data related to the solid Earth and space environment. These subject areas are also relevant to NOAA\u2019s new priority on integrated environmental approaches. For NGDC to fulfill its potential, however, it must first rearticulate its mission and overcome some solvable problems, including obtaining effective feedback from its users and organizing the center to eliminate parallel activities and reduce scientific isolation among the divisions. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10773/review-of-noaas-national-geophysical-data-center", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Optimizing the U.S. Ground-Based Optical and Infrared Astronomy System", isbn = "978-0-309-37186-5", abstract = "New astronomical facilities, such as the under-construction Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and planned 30-meter-class telescopes, and new instrumentation on existing optical and infrared (OIR) telescopes, hold the promise of groundbreaking research and discovery. How can we extract the best science from these and other astronomical facilities in an era of potentially flat federal budgets for both the facilities and the research grants? Optimizing the U.S. Ground-Based Optical and Infrared Astronomy System provides guidance for these new programs that align with the scientific priorities and the conclusions and recommendations of two National Research Council (NRC) decadal surveys, New Worlds, New Horizons for Astronomy and Astrophysics and Vision and Voyages for Planetary Sciences in the Decade 2013-2022, as well as other NRC reports.\nThis report describes a vision for a U.S. OIR System that includes a telescope time exchange designed to enhance science return by broadening access to capabilities for a diverse community, an ongoing planning process to identify and construct next generation capabilities to realize decadal science priorities, and near-term critical coordination, planning, and instrumentation needed to usher in the era of LSST and giant telescopes.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21722/optimizing-the-us-ground-based-optical-and-infrared-astronomy-system", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 1980's, Volume 2: Reports of the Panels", isbn = "978-0-309-03334-3", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/550/astronomy-and-astrophysics-for-the-1980s-volume-2-reports-of", year = 1983, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Views of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on Agenda Items at Issue at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2023", isbn = "978-0-309-30714-7", abstract = "The radio frequency spectrum is a limited resource for which there is an ever-increasing demand from an expansive range of applications - all the way from commercial, such as mobile phones, to scientific, such as hurricane monitoring from space. Since radio waves do not stop at national borders, international regulation is necessary to ensure effective use of the radio spectrum for all parties. Use of the radio spectrum is regulated internationally by the Radio Regulations (RR), an international treaty. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has as its mission the facilitation of the efficient and interference-free use of the radio spectrum. Every 2 to 5 years, the ITU convenes a World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) to review and revise the international RR. Changes to the RR are formulated through proposals to the conference according to Agenda Items, which are agreed on at the previous WRC.\nAt the request of the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, this report provides guidance to U.S. spectrum managers and policymakers as they prepare for the 2023 WRC to protect the scientific exploration of Earth and the universe using the radio spectrum. This report identifies the 2023 agenda items of relevance to U.S. radio astronomers and Earth remote sensing researchers, along with proposed agenda items for the 2027 WRC.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26080/views-of-the-us-national-academies-of-sciences-engineering-and-medicine-on-agenda-items-at-issue-at-the-world-radiocommunication-conference-2023", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }