@BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Candace Brakewood", title = "Considering the Unbanked in Cashless Fare Payment at Point of Service for Bus/Demand-Response Services", abstract = "In recent years, many transit systems have been considering the benefits and challenges of moving to completely cashless fare payments and trying to find innovative solutions to help all their customers.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Synthesis 163: Considering the Unbanked in Cashless Fare Payment at Point of Service for Bus\/Demand-Response Services is designed to help inform transit systems of the impacts of going cashless. Several emerging trends are identified, including that transit agencies are seeking to understand how many riders are unbanked and how to meet their needs.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26589/considering-the-unbanked-in-cashless-fare-payment-at-point-of-service-for-busdemand-response-services", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erik D. Minge", title = "Emergency Medical Services Response to Motor Vehicle Crashes in Rural Areas", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 451: Emergency Medical Services Response to Motor Vehicle Crashes in Rural Areas identifies potential factors that may help reduce the time needed to provide effective medical care to crash occupants on rural roads.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22503/emergency-medical-services-response-to-motor-vehicle-crashes-in-rural-areas", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Joel Volinski", title = "Microtransit or General Public Demand–Response Transit Services: State of the Practice", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 141: Microtransit or General Public Demand\u2013Response Transit Services: State of the Practice provides an overview of the current state of the practice of transit systems that are directly providing general public demand\u2013response or microtransit with their own vehicles and personnel or using a traditional contractor.The report presents a literature review and results from a survey of 22 transit agencies that have had current experiences with microtransit. Case examples of five transit systems are provided. These case examples present in-depth analyses of the processes and considerations, challenges, lessons learned, and keys to success.General public demand\u2013response transit service is the chameleon of the public transportation world. The service can take many forms in different environments and can even change its form in the middle of its duty cycle. The service can be delivered through point deviation or route deviation methods, as a feeder to fixed route transit, or as a circulator within a community providing a many-to-many or many-to-few service, and can provide circulator and feeder services with the same vehicle.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25414/microtransit-or-general-public-demand-response-transit-services-state-of-the-practice", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Margaret A. McCoy and Andrea M. Schultz", title = "Exploring Strategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-45191-8", abstract = "Cardiac arrest often strikes seemingly healthy individuals without warning and without regard to age, gender, race, or health status. Representing the third leading cause of death in the United States, cardiac arrest is defined as \u201ca severe malfunction or cessation of the electrical and mechanical activity of the heart ... [which] results in almost instantaneous loss of consciousness and collapse\u201d. Although the exact number of cardiac arrests is unknown, conservative estimates suggest that approximately 600,000 individuals experience a cardiac arrest in the United States each year. \n\nIn June 2015, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its consensus report Strategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival: A Time to Act, which evaluated the factors affecting resuscitation research and outcomes in the United States. Following the release of this report, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to hold a workshop to explore the barriers and opportunities for advancing the IOM recommendations. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23695/exploring-strategies-to-improve-cardiac-arrest-survival-proceedings-of-a", year = 2017, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Robert Graham and Margaret A. McCoy and Andrea M. Schultz", title = "Strategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival: A Time to Act", isbn = "978-0-309-37199-5", abstract = "Cardiac arrest can strike a seemingly healthy individual of any age, race, ethnicity, or gender at any time in any location, often without warning. Cardiac arrest is the third leading cause of death in the United States, following cancer and heart disease. Four out of five cardiac arrests occur in the home, and more than 90 percent of individuals with cardiac arrest die before reaching the hospital. First and foremost, cardiac arrest treatment is a community issue - local resources and personnel must provide appropriate, high-quality care to save the life of a community member. Time between onset of arrest and provision of care is fundamental, and shortening this time is one of the best ways to reduce the risk of death and disability from cardiac arrest. Specific actions can be implemented now to decrease this time, and recent advances in science could lead to new discoveries in the causes of, and treatments for, cardiac arrest. However, specific barriers must first be addressed.\nStrategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival examines the complete system of response to cardiac arrest in the United States and identifies opportunities within existing and new treatments, strategies, and research that promise to improve the survival and recovery of patients. The recommendations of Strategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival provide high-priority actions to advance the field as a whole. This report will help citizens, government agencies, and private industry to improve health outcomes from sudden cardiac arrest across the United States. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21723/strategies-to-improve-cardiac-arrest-survival-a-time-to-act", year = 2015, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", editor = "Andrew Robertson and Steve Olson", title = "Harnessing Operational Systems Engineering to Support Peacebuilding: Report of a Workshop by the National Academy of Engineering and United States Institute of Peace Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding", isbn = "978-0-309-29720-2", abstract = "Operational systems engineering is a methodology that identifies the important components of a complex system, analyzes the relationships among those components, and creates models of the system to explore its behavior and possible ways of changing that behavior. In this way it offers quantitative and qualitative techniques to support the design, analysis, and governance of systems of diverse scale and complexity for the delivery of products or services. Many peacebuilding interventions function essentially as the provision of services in response to demands elicited from societies in crisis. At its core, operational systems engineering attempts to understand and manage the supply of services and product in response to such demands.\nHarnessing Operational Systems Engineering to Support Peacebuilding is the summary of a workshop convened in November 2012 by the Roundtable on Science, Technology, and Peacebuilding of the National Academy of Engineering and the United States Institute of Peace to explore the question \"When can operational systems engineering, appropriately applied, be a useful tool for improving the elicitation of need, the design, the implementation, and the effectiveness of peacebuilding interventions?\" The workshop convened experts in conflict prevention, conflict management, postconflict stabilization, and reconstruction along with experts in various fields of operational systems engineering to identify what additional types of nonnumerical systems methods might be available for application to peacebuilding.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18598/harnessing-operational-systems-engineering-to-support-peacebuilding-report-of-a", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Frederick J. Manning and Lewis Goldfrank", title = "Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical Response System Program: Phase I Report", isbn = "978-0-309-07647-0", abstract = "The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Metropolitan Medical Response (MMRS) program has evolved from an idea originally developed in the Washington, D.C., area in 1995. Using the combined personnel and equipment resources from Washington, D.C., Arlington County in Virginia, and Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland, the Metropolitan Medical Strike Team (MMST) received training, equipment, and supplies specifically designed to facilitate an effective response to a mass-casualty terrorism incident with a weapon of mass destruction (WMD). The first of its kind in the civilian environment, the MMST was intended to be capable of providing initial, on-site emergency health, medical, and mental health services after a terrorist incident involving chemical, biological, or radiological (CBR) materials. The team's mission includes CBR agent detection and identification, patient decontamination, triage and medical treatment, emergency transportation of patients to local hospitals, coordination of movement of patients to more distant hospitals via the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), and planning for the disposition of nonsurvivors. Building from the initial efforts of the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area MMST, OEP provided funding for the development of a similar team in the city of Atlanta in preparation for the 1996 Summer Olympic Games. The U.S. Congress has subsequently authorized and provided funding for additional contracts with the 120 most populous U.S. cities.\nTools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical REsponse System Program: Phase I Report identifies and develops performance measures and systems to assess the effectiveness of, and to identify barriers related to, the MMRS development process. This report identifies, recommends, and develops performance measures and systems to assess the effectiveness of, and identify barriers related to, the MMRS development process at the site, jurisdictional, and governmental levels.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10221/tools-for-evaluating-the-metropolitan-medical-response-system-program-phase", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Guidebook for Rural Demand-Response Transportation: Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 136: Guidebook for Rural Demand-Response Transportation: Measuring, Assessing, and Improving Performance explores the diversity of demand-response transportation (DRT) services and examines definitions of performance data and performance measures. The report also highlights the typology of rural DRT systems and includes examples of performance data from more than 20 representative rural systems.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14330/guidebook-for-rural-demand-response-transportation-measuring-assessing-and-improving-performance", year = 2009, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Guidebook for Evaluating, Selecting, and Implementing Suburban Transit Services", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 116: Guidebook for Evaluating, Selecting, and Implementing Suburban Transit Services examines the current status of suburban transit services and land-use environments and the relationship between the two. Types of suburban transit services include commuter, route deviation, demand response, circulators, shuttles, and vanpools. Also, the guidebook describes the emerging trends that significantly influence the availability and operation of suburban transit services.TCRP Web-Only Document 34, is the companion document to the guidebook. TCRP Web-Only Document 34 includes eight case studies that describe the types of suburban transit services offered; the types of operational issues; the funding arrangements; the marketing program; the performance-measurement program; and the successes, challenges, and lessons learned from introducing suburban transit services. The companion report also includes quantitative and qualitative decision matrixes.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13955/guidebook-for-evaluating-selecting-and-implementing-suburban-transit-services", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Cecilia Viggiano and Brandon Irvine and Rebecca Martin", title = "Statewide Approaches to the Development of Comprehensive Transit Information Systems", abstract = "Over the past several years, a number of state departments of transportation (DOTs) and a few metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) have taken on the role of developing statewide\/regionwide transit information systems that are intended to collect comprehensive information about the availability of transit services and their attributes.TCRP Synthesis 172: Statewide Approaches to the Development of Comprehensive Transit Information Systems, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, documents state DOTs\u2019 and MPOs\u2019 practices of integrating information from different agencies into a single network or resource. Since many states do not engage in this activity, the synthesis outlines efforts of state DOTs and MPOs where they actually exist. Five case examples of statewide agencies that collect or aggregate information are highlighted and provide insights on how the integration is being done, emphasize lessons learned, and present challenges.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27438/statewide-approaches-to-the-development-of-comprehensive-transit-information-systems", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Suzanne M. O’Neill and Roger F. Teal", title = "Standardizing Data for Mobility Management", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 62: Standardizing Data for Mobility Management explores opportunities for the standardization of data relevant to mobility management systems. The report focuses on near-term and long-term objectives.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22449/standardizing-data-for-mobility-management", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Lew R. C. Bricker and Tanya N. Petermann and Margaret Hines and Jocelyn Sands", title = "The Legal Definitions of “First Responder”", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 385: The Legal Definitions of \u201cFirst Responder\u201d explores the definition of \u201cfirst responders.\u201d The report also contains an analysis of grants available from the federal government to aid state and local governmental entities in preparing for and responding to natural or man-made disasters and emergencies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22451/the-legal-definitions-of-first-responder", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Use of Computer Graphics Systems for Facilities Design in Public Agencies", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18514/use-of-computer-graphics-systems-for-facilities-design-in-public-agencies", year = 1990, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook, Third Edition: Chapter 6: Demand-Responsive/ADA", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 95: Chapter 6 \u2013 Demand-Responsive\/ADA includes traveler response and related information for services open to the general public and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) services intended for persons with disabilities.The Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook consists of these Chapter 1 introductory materials and 15 stand-alone published topic area chapters. Each topic area chapter provides traveler response findings including supportive information and interpretation, and also includes case studies and a bibliography consisting of the references utilized as sources.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23434/traveler-response-to-transportation-system-changes-handbook-third-edition-chapter-6-demand-responsiveada", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Beth Hamby", title = "Data Needs for Assessing Rural Transit Needs, Benefits, and Levels of Service", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 376: Data Needs for Assessing Rural Transit Needs, Benefits, and Levels of Service assesses the data elements that are available through the Rural National Transit Database and identifies levels of service options that are potentially more accurate or useful for future evaluation of rural service.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22715/data-needs-for-assessing-rural-transit-needs-benefits-and-levels-of-service", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Antonio Santalucia and Bethany Whitaker and Ellen Oettinger", title = "Potential Impacts of Federal Health Care Reform on Public Transit", abstract = "TRB\u2019s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 383: Potential Impacts of Federal Health Care Reform on Public Transit explores provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that are likely to have the largest and most direct impacts on public transit agencies and operations, particularly those in rural and small urban areas. The report also describes pre-existing legal requirements that govern the roles public transit can currently play in transportation related to health care.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22540/potential-impacts-of-federal-health-care-reform-on-public-transit", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Beth Hamby", title = "Implementing the U.S. DOT Reasonable Modification Rule", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 142: Implementing the U.S. DOT Reasonable Modification Rule provides an overview of the current state of practice regarding transit systems implementation of the U.S. Department of Transportation\u2019s (DOT\u2019s) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) regulation 49 C.F.R Part 37.The report describes the experiences of agencies as they make reasonable modifications to their practices and policies in order to both respond to the regulation and ensure service to people with disabilities. The report also includes case examples of six transit systems, which present an in-depth analysis of the issues, opportunities, challenges, lessons learned, and keys to success in implementation of reasonable modifications . The need for future research is also discussed.Under the U.S. DOT regulations for implementing the ADA and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (49 C.F.R. Parts 37 and 27), transportation service providers and recipients of federal funding are required to ensure their services do not discriminate against people with disabilities.In 2015, the U.S. DOT amended 49 C.F.R. Parts 27 and 37 to require transportation entities to make \u201creasonable modifications\/accommodations to policies, practices, and procedures to avoid discrimination and ensure that their programs are accessible to individuals with disabilities.\u201d Effective July 13, 2015, 49 C.F.R. \u00a737.169 of this final rule requires that public entity transit providers develop their own processes for making decisions and for providing reasonable modifications to their policies and practices.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25430/implementing-the-us-dot-reasonable-modification-rule", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Tom Arrison", title = "Improving International Resilience and Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Events: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) events are rare, but can be highly destructive. In addition to potentially causing large numbers of fatalities and injuries, these events may also destabilize governments, create conditions that exacerbate violence, or promote terrorism. They may overwhelm the infrastructure and response capacity of the nations where they occur, especially those lacking specialized resources. They can also trigger global economic effects: a single CBRN event that damages facilities in one place can affect supply chains and operations worldwide. Strengthening national and international resilience and capacity to respond to CBRN events is seen as a global security priority.\nIn order to help illuminate the major needs for an international coordinated response to CBRN events, highlight major challenges, and develop a common basis for future discussions, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the Forum on Resilience to International Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Events of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized an international, science-based CBRN resilience workshop in Tokyo, Japan on October 23-25, 2017. The National Academies collaborated with Niigata University and the Japan National Research Institute for Earth Sciences and Disaster Resilience to plan and organize the workshop. Participants included experts from the international community, public and government sector, the private and industrial sector, the academic community, and NGOs. This publication summarizes the presentations of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25666/improving-international-resilience-and-response-to-chemical-biological-radiological-and-nuclear-events", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Rapid Expert Consultation on Staffing Considerations for Crisis Standards of Care for the COVID-19 Pandemic (July 28, 2020)", abstract = "This rapid expert consultation builds on prior National Academies reports on the Crisis Standards of Care (CSC) and the rapid expert consultation on March 28, 2020, and focuses on staffing needs for the care of COVID patients, including the deployment and allocation of expert clinical staff during COVID-19. It does not attempt to dictate exactly what choices should be made under exactly what circumstances, as that should be left to the judgment of the professional, institutional, community, and civic leaders who are best situated to understand the local conditions.\n\nThis rapid expert consultation was convened under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25890/rapid-expert-consultation-on-staffing-considerations-for-crisis-standards-of-care-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-july-28-2020", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erin Kellogg", title = "Considerations for Using Telemental Health Services for Children and Youth: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "Delivering mental services remotely did not begin during the COVID-19 pandemic, though its use has greatly expanded during this time. Looking ahead, there are questions about how those services for children and youth may continue as the pandemic recedes. To consider these questions, the National Academies of Sciences' Forum for Children's Well-Being held a 3-day workshop in October 2021 on the use of telemental health services both before and during the pandemic. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the topics addressed in the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26442/considerations-for-using-telemental-health-services-for-children-and-youth", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }