@BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", title = "Exposure of the American People to Iodine-131 from Nevada Nuclear-Bomb Tests: Review of the National Cancer Institute Report and Public Health Implications", isbn = "978-0-309-06175-9", abstract = "In 1997, after more than a decade of research, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) released a report which provided their assessment of radiation exposures that Americans may have received from radioactive iodine released from the atomic bomb tests conducted in Nevada during the 1950s and early 1960s. This book provides an evaluation of the soundness of the methodology used by the NCI study to estimate:\n\n Past radiation doses.\n Possible health consequences of exposure to iodine-131.\n Implications for clinical practice.\n Possible public health strategies\u2014such as systematic screening for thyroid cancer\u2014to respond to the exposures.\n\nIn addition, the book provides an evaluation of the NCI estimates of the number of thyroid cancers that might result from the nuclear testing program and provides guidance on approaches the U.S. government might use to communicate with the public about Iodine-131 exposures and health risks.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6283/exposure-of-the-american-people-to-iodine-131-from-nevada-nuclear-bomb-tests", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Margie Patlak and Sharyl J. Nass and I. Craig Henderson and Joyce C. Lashof", title = "Mammography and Beyond: Developing Technologies for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer: A Non-Technical Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-07550-3", abstract = "X-ray mammography screening is the current mainstay for early breast cancer detection. It has been proven to detect breast cancer at an earlier stage and to reduce the number of women dying from the disease. However, it has a number of limitations.These current limitations in early breast cancer detection technology are driving a surge of new technological developments, from modifications of x-ray mammography such as computer programs that can indicate suspicious areas, to newer methods of detection such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or biochemical tests on breast fluids. To explore the merits and drawbacks of these new breast cancer detection techniques, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences convened a committee of experts. During its year of operation, the committee examined the peer-reviewed literature, consulted with other experts in the field, and held two public workshops.In addition to identifying promising new technologies for early detection, the committee explored potential barriers that might prevent the development of new detection methods and their common usage. Such barriers could include lack of funding from agencies that support research and lack of investment in the commercial sector; complicated, inconsistent, or unpredictable federal regulations; inadequate insurance reimbursement; and limited access to or unacceptability of breast cancer detection technology for women and their doctors. Based on the findings of their study, the committee prepared a report entitled Mammography and Beyond: Developing Technology for Early Detection of Breast Cancer, which was published in the spring of 2001. This is a non-technical summary of that report.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10107/mammography-and-beyond-developing-technologies-for-the-early-detection-of", year = 2001, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erin Balogh and Sarah Domnitz and Margie Patlak and Sharyl J. Nass", title = "Advancing Progress in the Development and Implementation of Effective, High-Quality Cancer Screening: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-13659-4", abstract = "New technologies and improved understanding of the genesis and progression of various cancers have added to the enthusiasm for potential new strategies to improve screening and early detection of cancer. Research is also under way to evaluate refinements in current screening approaches, including determining optimal screening intervals, the ages at which screening should begin and end, as well as more specific estimates of the potential risks and benefits of screening for certain populations, such as racial and ethnic minority populations and people who have elevated risk for specific cancers. However, there remain significant challenges to developing, validating, and effectively implementing new cancer screening approaches. Guidelines for screening issued by different organizations vary considerably with no clear way of deciding which guidelines are most trustworthy. There is also a need to improve access to high-quality cancer screening and follow-up care, particularly in low-resource communities and among populations who are underserved or have numerous barriers to receiving care.\nTo examine the challenges and opportunities related to improving current approaches to cancer screening, as well as the evidence base for novel cancer screening methods, the National Cancer Policy Forum held a workshop, Advancing Progress in the Development and Implementation of Effective, High-Quality Cancer Screening, on March 2-3, 2020, in Washington, DC. This workshop convened a broad range of experts, including clinicians, researchers, statisticians, and patient advocates, as well as representatives of health care organizations, academic medical centers, insurers, and federal agencies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop and highlights suggestions from individual participants regarding how to improve cancer screening.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26019/advancing-progress-in-the-development-and-implementation-of-effective-high-quality-cancer-screening", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Marilyn J. Field and Kathleen N. Lohr", title = "Clinical Practice Guidelines: Directions for a New Program", isbn = "978-0-309-04346-5", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1626/clinical-practice-guidelines-directions-for-a-new-program", year = 1990, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Susan J. Curry and Tim Byers and Maria Hewitt", title = "Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection", isbn = "978-0-309-08254-9", abstract = "Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes:\n\nA detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits.\nAn analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations.\nAn examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance.\nReviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection.\n\nThis in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10263/fulfilling-the-potential-of-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Marc B. Stone and Robert B. Wallace", title = "Medicare Coverage of Routine Screening for Thyroid Dysfunction", isbn = "978-0-309-08885-5", abstract = "When the Medicare program was established in 1965, it was viewed as a form of financial protection for the elderly against catastrophic medical expenses, primarily those related to hospitalization for unexpected illnesses. The first expansions to the program increased the eligible population from the retired to the disabled and to persons receiving chronic renal dialysis. It was not until 1980 that an expansion of services beyond those required \"for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member\" was included in Medicare. These services, known as preventive services, are intended either to prevent disease (by vaccination) or to detect disease (by diagnostic test) before the symptoms of illness appear. A Committee was formed \"to conduct a study on the addition of coverage of routine thyroid screening using a thyroid stimulating hormone test as a preventive benefit provided to Medicare beneficiaries under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act for some or all Medicare beneficiaries.\"", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10682/medicare-coverage-of-routine-screening-for-thyroid-dysfunction", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health: 2010 Annual Report", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26249/roundtable-on-translating-genomic-based-research-for-health-2010-annual", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine and National Research Council", editor = "Michael Pignone and Louise Russell and Judith Wagner", title = "Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Adults: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-09539-6", abstract = "The National Cancer Policy Board and the Board on Science, Engineering, and Economic Policy convened a workshop in January 2004 on \u201cEconomic Models of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening in Average-Risk Adults\u201d. The purpose of the workshop was to explore the reasons for differences among leading cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models of CRC screening, which public health policy makers increasingly rely on to help them sift through the many choices confronting them. Participants discussed the results of a collaborative pre-workshop exercise undertaken by five research teams that have developed and maintained comprehensive models of CRC screening in average-risk adults, to gain insight into each model\u2019s structure and assumptions and possible explanations for differences in their published analyses. Workshop participants also examined the current state of knowledge on key inputs to the models with a view toward identifying areas where further research may be warranted. This document summarized the presentations and discussion at the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11228/economic-models-of-colorectal-cancer-screening-in-average-risk-adults", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Rapid Expert Consultation on Critical Issues in Diagnostic Testing for the COVID-19 Pandemic (November 9, 2020)", abstract = "Since the start of the pandemic, diagnostic testing has been critical to the medical care of those infected with COVID-19, the protection of health care and other essential workers, and the efforts to contain the spread of the disease. This rapid expert consultation draws attention to four critical areas in developing diagnostic testing and strategies to reduce the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths: (1) advantages and limitations of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for viral RNA; (2) the status of POC testing; (3) testing strategies, namely, considerations in the deployment of types and sequences of tests; and (4) next-generation testing that offers the prospect of highthroughput, rapid, and less expensive testing.\nThis rapid expert consultation was convened under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Standing Committee on Emerging Infectious Diseases and 21st Century Health Threats.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25984/rapid-expert-consultation-on-critical-issues-in-diagnostic-testing-for-the-covid-19-pandemic-november-9-2020", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Margie Patlak and Christine Micheel and Robert German", title = "Implementing Colorectal Cancer Screening: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-12139-2", abstract = "The IOM's National Cancer Policy Board estimated in 2003 that even modest efforts to implement known tactics for cancer prevention and early detection could result in up to a 29 percent drop in cancer deaths in about 20 years. The IOM's National Cancer Policy Forum, which succeeded the Board after it was disbanded in 2005, continued the Board's work to outline ways to increase screening in the U.S.\nOn February 25 and 26, 2008, the Forum convened a workshop to discuss screening for colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer screening remains low, despite strong evidence that screening prevents deaths. With the aim to make recommended colorectal cancer screening more widespread, the workshop discussed steps to be taken at the clinic, community, and health system levels. Workshop speakers, representing a broad spectrum of leaders in the field, identified major barriers to increased screening and described strategies to overcome these obstacles. This workshop summary highlights the information presented, as well as the subsequent discussion about actions needed to increase colorectal screening and, ultimately, to prevent more colorectal cancer deaths.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12239/implementing-colorectal-cancer-screening-workshop-summary", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Procedures for Testing Color Vision: Report of Working Group 41", isbn = "978-0-309-07761-3", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/746/procedures-for-testing-color-vision-report-of-working-group-41", year = 1981, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Emergent Techniques for Assessment of Visual Performance", isbn = "978-0-309-07780-4", abstract = "Recent vision research has led to the emergence of new techniques that offer exciting potential for a more complete assessment of vision in clinical, industrial, and military settings. Emergent Techniques for Assessment of Visual Performance examines four areas of vision testing that offer potential for improved assessment of visual capability including: contrast sensitivity function, dark-focus of accommodation, dynamic visual acuity and dynamic depth tracking, and ambient and focal vision. In contrast to studies of accepted practices, this report focuses on emerging techniques that could help determine whether people have the vision necessary to do their jobs. In addition to examining some of these emerging techniques, the report identifies their usefulness in predicting performance on other visual and visual-motor tasks, and makes recommendations for future research.\nEmergent Techniques for Assessment of Visual Performance provides summary recommendations for research that will have significant value and policy implications for the next 5 to 10 years. The content and conclusions of this report can serve as a useful resource for those responsible for screening industrial and military visual function.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/916/emergent-techniques-for-assessment-of-visual-performance", year = 1985, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Jennifer Lalitha Flaubert and Ruth Cooper and Megan Snair and Sharyl Nass", title = "Achieving Excellence in Cancer Diagnosis: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "The Board on Health Care Services of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual workshop to examine the current science and research opportunities for improving the diagnosis of cancer within the U.S. health care system. The workshop, held on October 6, 2021, highlighted the patient experience, the diagnostic process, cancer epidemiology, approaches to mitigate disparities and promote equity in diagnosis, novel diagnostic strategies and tools, and strategies to improve the overall system of cancer diagnosis. This workshop was the third in a series on diagnostic excellence funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26505/achieving-excellence-in-cancer-diagnosis-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program", isbn = "978-0-309-09610-2", abstract = "The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called \"probability of causation\/assigned share\" (PC\/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC\/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11279/assessment-of-the-scientific-information-for-the-radiation-exposure-screening-and-education-program", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Performance-Related Tests of Recycled Aggregates for Use in Unbound Pavement Layers", abstract = "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 598: Performance-Related Tests of Recycled Aggregates for Use in Unbound Pavement Layers explores performance-related procedures to test and select recycled hot-mix asphalt and portland cement concrete materials for use in unbound layers of highway pavements. Appendixes A through C of NCHRP Report 598, which cover the literature review and background information, new aggregate tests, and surface dielectric measurements, were published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 119.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23108/performance-related-tests-of-recycled-aggregates-for-use-in-unbound-pavement-layers", year = 2008, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Maria Hewitt and Joseph V. Simone", title = "Ensuring Quality Cancer Care", isbn = "978-0-309-06480-4", abstract = "We all want to believe that when people get cancer, they will receive medical care of the highest quality. Even as new scientific breakthroughs are announced, though, many cancer patients may be getting the wrong care, too little care, or too much care, in the form of unnecessary procedures.\nHow close is American medicine to the ideal of quality cancer care for every person with cancer? Ensuring Quality Cancer Care provides a comprehensive picture of how cancer care is delivered in our nation, from early detection to end-of-life issues. The National Cancer Policy Board defines quality care and recommends how to monitor, measure, and extend quality care to all people with cancer. Approaches to accountability in health care are reviewed.\nWhat keeps people from getting care? The book explains how lack of medical coverage, social and economic status, patient beliefs, physician decision-making, and other factors can stand between the patient and the best possible care. The board explores how cancer care is shaped by the current focus on evidence-based medicine, the widespread adoption of managed care, where services are provided, and who provides care. Specific shortfalls in the care of breast and prostate cancer are identified. A status report on health services research is included.\nEnsuring Quality Cancer Care offers wide-ranging data and information in clear context. As the baby boomers approach the years when most cancer occurs, this timely volume will be of special interest to health policy makers, public and private healthcare purchasers, medical professionals, patient advocates, researchers, and people with cancer.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6467/ensuring-quality-cancer-care", year = 1999, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Theresa Wizemann and Adam C. Berger", title = "The Value of Genetic and Genomic Technologies: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-15771-1", abstract = "Knowing one's genetic disposition to a variety of diseases, including common chronic diseases, can benefit both the individual and society at large. The IOM's Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health held a workshop on March 22, 2010, to bring together diverse perspectives on the value of genetic testing, and to discuss its use in clinical practice.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12947/the-value-of-genetic-and-genomic-technologies-workshop-summary", year = 2010, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Environmental Neurotoxicology", isbn = "978-0-309-04531-5", abstract = "Scientists agree that exposure to toxic agents in the environment can cause neurological and psychiatric illnesses ranging from headaches and depression to syndromes resembling parkinsonism. It can even result in death at high exposure levels. The emergence of subclinical neurotoxicity--the concept that long-term impairments can escape clinical detection--makes the need for risk assessment even more critical.This volume paves the way toward definitive solutions, presenting the current consensus on risk assessment and environmental toxicants and offering specific recommendations.The book covers:The biologic basis of neurotoxicity.Progress in the application of biologic markers.Reviews of a wide range of in vitro and in vivo testing techniques.The use of surveillance and epidemiology to identify neurotoxic hazards that escape premarket screening.Research needs.This volume will be an important resource for policymakers, health specialists, researchers, and students.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1801/environmental-neurotoxicology", year = 1992, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Safe Mobility for Older Americans", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Conference Proceedings on the Web 2, Safe Mobility for Older Americans: Report of the Committee for the Conference on Transportation in an Aging Society summarizes research accomplishments made during the past decade related to the mobility of older Americans. The report also includes recommendations for policy makers, the research community, government agencies, older persons and their caregivers, the private sector, and other stakeholders to improve older adult safety and mobility and to spur research in needed areas. TRB Conference Proceedings 27: Transportation in an Aging Society: A Decade of Experience (2004) is a companion document to the report. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21980/safe-mobility-for-older-americans", year = 2005, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Night Vision: Current Research and Future Directions, Symposium Proceedings", isbn = "978-0-309-07796-5", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1037/night-vision-current-research-and-future-directions-symposium-proceedings", year = 1987, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }