%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification: A National Security Priority: Summary of the Final Report %@ 978-0-309-70558-5 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26558/nuclear-proliferation-and-arms-control-monitoring-detection-and-verification-a-national-security-priority %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26558/nuclear-proliferation-and-arms-control-monitoring-detection-and-verification-a-national-security-priority %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 46 %X Robust monitoring, detection, and verification capabilities are necessary to provide decision makers with critical information regarding nuclear threats and to support deterrence and nonproliferation by uncovering efforts to clandestinely develop a nuclear capability or enhance an existing capability. The United States has significant capabilities to monitor, detect, and verify nuclear weapons and fissile material production in foreign states, but in order to address future challenges and avoid surprises, these capabilities must be strengthened and maintained through research and development and operationalization of new technologies. Congress tasked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to undertake an independent review and assessment of the United States capabilities for monitoring, detection, and verification of nuclear weapons and fissile material in the fiscal year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act. The study committee released an extensive interim report in April 2021 after an initial phase of data gathering. Following an additional data-gathering period that included examining restricted information unavailable to the committee during the initial phase of the project, the committee produced a final report in January 2023. In that report, the committee reassessed the findings and recommendations made in its interim report and found them to be supported and confirmed by the additional information. This document, the public summary of the final report, reproduces the findings and recommendations from the interim report and includes the committee’s commentary regarding many of the interim report findings and recommendations after additional data gathering. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Empowering the Defense Acquisition Workforce to Improve Mission Outcomes Using Data Science %@ 978-0-309-68493-4 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25979/empowering-the-defense-acquisition-workforce-to-improve-mission-outcomes-using-data-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25979/empowering-the-defense-acquisition-workforce-to-improve-mission-outcomes-using-data-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 154 %X The effective use of data science - the science and technology of extracting value from data - improves, enhances, and strengthens acquisition decision-making and outcomes. Using data science to support decision making is not new to the defense acquisition community; its use by the acquisition workforce has enabled acquisition and thus defense successes for decades. Still, more consistent and expanded application of data science will continue improving acquisition outcomes, and doing so requires coordinated efforts across the defense acquisition system and its related communities and stakeholders. Central to that effort is the development, growth, and sustainment of data science capabilities across the acquisition workforce. At the request of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, Empowering the Defense Acquisition Workforce to Improve Mission Outcomes Using Data Science assesses how data science can improve acquisition processes and develops a framework for training and educating the defense acquisition workforce to better exploit the application of data science. This report identifies opportunities where data science can improve acquisition processes, the relevant data science skills and capabilities necessary for the acquisition workforce, and relevant models of data science training and education. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Snair, Justin %E Masiello, Matthew %E McCarthy, Margaret %E Brown, Lisa %T Building Trust in Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response (PHEPR) Science: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26658/building-trust-in-public-health-emergency-preparedness-and-response-phepr-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26658/building-trust-in-public-health-emergency-preparedness-and-response-phepr-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X On March 29-30, 2022, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop aimed at examining the roles of trust and trustworthiness in the public health emergency and response (PHEPR) science enterprise - the institutions, the research process, and the researchers and practitioners - across the continuum of pre-event, event, response, and mitigation. The first day examined issues of trust in PHEPR science, where they originate, and what can be done to build and maintain trust in public health agencies. The second day shifted discussions to communication and strategies to address misinformation and ensure clear understanding of public health communications. The final session allowed workshop participants and public attendees - through an interactive Miro board session - to reflect on workshop discussions and share strategies to build public trust over the next 5 years. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Honey, Margaret A. %E Hilton, Margaret L. %T Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations %@ 978-0-309-18523-3 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13078/learning-science-through-computer-games-and-simulations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13078/learning-science-through-computer-games-and-simulations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 174 %X At a time when scientific and technological competence is vital to the nation's future, the weak performance of U.S. students in science reflects the uneven quality of current science education. Although young children come to school with innate curiosity and intuitive ideas about the world around them, science classes rarely tap this potential. Many experts have called for a new approach to science education, based on recent and ongoing research on teaching and learning. In this approach, simulations and games could play a significant role by addressing many goals and mechanisms for learning science: the motivation to learn science, conceptual understanding, science process skills, understanding of the nature of science, scientific discourse and argumentation, and identification with science and science learning. To explore this potential, Learning Science: Computer Games, Simulations, and Education, reviews the available research on learning science through interaction with digital simulations and games. It considers the potential of digital games and simulations to contribute to learning science in schools, in informal out-of-school settings, and everyday life. The book also identifies the areas in which more research and research-based development is needed to fully capitalize on this potential. Learning Science will guide academic researchers; developers, publishers, and entrepreneurs from the digital simulation and gaming community; and education practitioners and policy makers toward the formation of research and development partnerships that will facilitate rich intellectual collaboration. Industry, government agencies and foundations will play a significant role through start-up and ongoing support to ensure that digital games and simulations will not only excite and entertain, but also motivate and educate. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Roundtable on Data Science Postsecondary Education: A Compilation of Meeting Highlights %@ 978-0-309-67770-7 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25804/roundtable-on-data-science-postsecondary-education-a-compilation-of-meeting %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25804/roundtable-on-data-science-postsecondary-education-a-compilation-of-meeting %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 223 %X Established in December 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Data Science Postsecondary Education was charged with identifying the challenges of and highlighting best practices in postsecondary data science education. Convening quarterly for 3 years, representatives from academia, industry, and government gathered with other experts from across the nation to discuss various topics under this charge. The meetings centered on four central themes: foundations of data science; data science across the postsecondary curriculum; data science across society; and ethics and data science. This publication highlights the presentations and discussions of each meeting. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Extending the Effective Lifetimes of Earth Observing Research Missions %@ 978-0-309-18208-9 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11485/extending-the-effective-lifetimes-of-earth-observing-research-missions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11485/extending-the-effective-lifetimes-of-earth-observing-research-missions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 36 %X While NASA Earth Science missions are planned on the basis of a specified lifetime, often they are able to function beyond the end of that period. Until recently NASA had no formal mechanism for determining whether those missions should be extended or whether the resources necessary for the extension should be applied to new missions. In August 2004, when NASA merged Earth and space sciences, the agency began using the Science Review process to make those extension determinations. NASA had asked the NRC to assess extension review processes, and after the merger, this study focused on the Science Review process. This report presents an assessment of that process and provides recommendations for adapting it to Earth Science missions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T A Review of the DOE Plan for U.S. Fusion Community Participation in the ITER Program %@ 978-0-309-12475-1 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12449/a-review-of-the-doe-plan-for-us-fusion-community-participation-in-the-iter-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12449/a-review-of-the-doe-plan-for-us-fusion-community-participation-in-the-iter-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 56 %X ITER presents the United States and its international partners with the opportunity to explore new and exciting frontiers of plasma science while bringing the promise of fusion energy closer to reality. The ITER project has garnered the commitment and will draw on the scientific potential of seven international partners, China, the European Union, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Russia, and the United States, countries that represent more than half of the world's population. The success of ITER will depend on each partner's ability to fully engage itself in the scientific and technological challenges posed by advancing our understanding of fusion. In this book, the National Research Council assesses the current U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) plan for U.S. fusion community participation in ITER, evaluates the plan's elements, and recommends appropriate goals, procedures, and metrics for consideration in the future development of the plan. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs %@ 978-0-309-49778-7 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25579/evolving-the-geodetic-infrastructure-to-meet-new-scientific-needs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25579/evolving-the-geodetic-infrastructure-to-meet-new-scientific-needs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %P 124 %X Satellite remote sensing is the primary tool for measuring global changes in the land, ocean, biosphere, and atmosphere. Over the past three decades, active remote sensing technologies have enabled increasingly precise measurements of Earth processes, allowing new science questions to be asked and answered. As this measurement precision increases, so does the need for a precise geodetic infrastructure. Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs summarizes progress in maintaining and improving the geodetic infrastructure and identifies improvements to meet new science needs that were laid out in the 2018 report Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space. Focusing on sea-level change, the terrestrial water cycle, geological hazards, weather and climate, and ecosystems, this study examines the specific aspects of the geodetic infrastructure that need to be maintained or improved to help answer the science questions being considered. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Schwalbe, Michelle %T Predictive Theoretical and Computational Approaches for Additive Manufacturing: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-44975-5 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23646/predictive-theoretical-and-computational-approaches-for-additive-manufacturing-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23646/predictive-theoretical-and-computational-approaches-for-additive-manufacturing-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Surveys and Statistics %P 148 %X Additive manufacturing (AM) methods have great potential for promoting transformative research in many fields across the vast spectrum of engineering and materials science. AM is one of the leading forms of advanced manufacturing which enables direct computer-aided design (CAD) to part production without part-specific tooling. In October 2015 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop of experts from diverse communities to examine predictive theoretical and computational approaches for various AM technologies. While experimental workshops in AM have been held in the past, this workshop uniquely focused on theoretical and computational approaches and involved areas such as simulation-based engineering and science, integrated computational materials engineering, mechanics, materials science, manufacturing processes, and other specialized areas. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %T Science Base for Materials Processing: Selected Topics %D 1979 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19873/science-base-for-materials-processing-selected-topics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19873/science-base-for-materials-processing-selected-topics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %K Engineering and Technology %P 150 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Using Narrative and Data to Communicate the Value of Science: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24695/using-narrative-and-data-to-communicate-the-value-of-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24695/using-narrative-and-data-to-communicate-the-value-of-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 12 %X How should we convey science—both its findings and its value to society—to the many members of the public who lack either scientific training or intense interest in scientific progress? In October 2016 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore ways of better presenting science—both specific findings and the processes of discovering and confirming—to the public. Participants discussed ways to develop data-enriched narratives that communicate to the public and policy makers in an engaging and rigorous way the work of basic research. They also explored the varied ways in which research provides the foundation for products, services, and activities that are of broad benefit to humanity. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Research Agenda for Transforming Separation Science %@ 978-0-309-49170-9 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25421/a-research-agenda-for-transforming-separation-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25421/a-research-agenda-for-transforming-separation-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 114 %X Separation science plays a critical role in maintaining our standard of living and quality of life. Many industrial processes and general necessities such as chemicals, medicines, clean water, safe food, and energy sources rely on chemical separations. However, the process of chemical separations is often overlooked during product development and this has led to inefficiency, unnecessary waste, and lack of consensus among chemists and engineers. A reevaluation of system design, establishment of standards, and an increased focus on the advancement of separation science are imperative in supporting increased efficiency, continued U.S. manufacturing competitiveness, and public welfare. A Research Agenda for Transforming Separation Science explores developments in the industry since the 1987 National Academies report, Separation and Purification: Critical Needs and Opportunities. Many needs stated in the original report remain today, in addition to a variety of new challenges due to improved detection limits, advances in medicine, and a recent emphasis on sustainability and environmental stewardship. This report examines emerging chemical separation technologies, relevant developments in intersecting disciplines, and gaps in existing research, and provides recommendations for the application of improved separation science technologies and processes. This research serves as a foundation for transforming separation science, which could reduce global energy use, improve human and environmental health, and advance more efficient practices in various industries. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Knowledge and Diplomacy: Science Advice in the United Nations System %@ 978-0-309-08490-1 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10577/knowledge-and-diplomacy-science-advice-in-the-united-nations-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10577/knowledge-and-diplomacy-science-advice-in-the-united-nations-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 120 %X In the international effort to advance human health, welfare, and development while better managing and conserving the environment and natural resources, there is a clear and growing recognition of the role of scientific and technical knowledge in global governance. This has created an urgent need for the United Nations to equip itself with the capability to bring scientific knowledge to inform international decision making. Given the complexity and diversity of United Nations programs, organs, and mandates, this report focuses on the main functions of the United Nations that affect international governance in the fields related to sustainable development, with reference to the taxonomy of the key United Nations organs in which these functions are undertaken. Efforts have been made to ensure that the major categories of United Nations organs have been covered and therefore the results of the review are representative of the functioning of the United Nations system. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Redesigning the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans %@ 978-0-309-46482-6 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24883/redesigning-the-process-for-establishing-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24883/redesigning-the-process-for-establishing-the-dietary-guidelines-for-americans %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 286 %X What foods should Americans eat to promote their health, and in what amounts? What is the scientific evidence that supports specific recommendations for dietary intake to reduce the risk of multifactorial chronic disease? These questions are critically important because dietary intake has been recognized to have a role as a key determinant of health. As the primary federal source of consistent, evidence-based information on dietary practices for optimal nutrition, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) have the promise to empower Americans to make informed decisions about what and how much they eat to improve health and reduce the risk of chronic disease. The adoption and widespread translation of the DGA requires that they be universally viewed as valid, evidence-based, and free of bias and conflicts of interest to the extent possible. However, this has not routinely been the case. A first short report meant to inform the 2020 review cycle explored how the advisory committee selection process can be improved to provide more transparency, eliminate bias, and include committee members with a range of viewpoints. This second and final report recommends changes to the DGA process to reduce and manage sources of bias and conflicts of interest, improve timely opportunities for engagement by all interested parties, enhance transparency, and strengthen the science base of the process. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program %@ 978-0-309-09610-2 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11279/assessment-of-the-scientific-information-for-the-radiation-exposure-screening-and-education-program %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11279/assessment-of-the-scientific-information-for-the-radiation-exposure-screening-and-education-program %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 430 %X The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Setting Priorities for Large Research Facility Projects Supported by the National Science Foundation %@ 978-0-309-09084-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10895/setting-priorities-for-large-research-facility-projects-supported-by-the-national-science-foundation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10895/setting-priorities-for-large-research-facility-projects-supported-by-the-national-science-foundation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Space and Aeronautics %P 236 %X In 1995, the National Science Foundation (NSF) created a special account to fund large (several tens of millions of dollars) research facilities. Over the years, these facilities have come to represent an increasingly prominent part of the nation's R&D portfolio. Recently concern has intensified about the way NSF is selecting projects for this account. In 2003, six U.S. Senators including the chair and ranking member of the Senate Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Appropriations expressed these concerns in a letter to the NRC asking it to "review the current prioritization process and report to us on how it can be improved." This report presents a series of recommendations on how NSF can improve its priority setting process for large research facilities. While noting that NSF has improved this process, the report states that further strengthening is needed if NSF is to meet future demands for such projects. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of the Restructured Research and Analysis Programs of NASA's Planetary Science Division %@ 978-0-309-45870-2 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24759/review-of-the-restructured-research-and-analysis-programs-of-nasas-planetary-science-division %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24759/review-of-the-restructured-research-and-analysis-programs-of-nasas-planetary-science-division %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 74 %X The Research and Analysis (R&A) program managed by NASA's Planetary Science Division (PSD), supports a broad range of planetary science activities, including the analysis of data from past and current spacecraft; laboratory research; theoretical, modeling, and computational studies; geological and astrobiological fieldwork in planetary analog environments on Earth; geological mapping of planetary bodies; analysis of data from Earth- and space-based telescopes; and development of flight instruments and technology needed for future planetary science missions. The primary role of the PSD R&A program is to address NASA's strategic objective for planetary science and PSD's science goals. Recently, PSD reorganized the R&A program to provide better alignment with the strategic goals for planetary sciences. The major changes in the R&A program involved consolidating a number of prior program elements, many of which were organized by subdiscipline, into a smaller number of thematic core research program elements. Despite numerous efforts by PSD to communicate the rationale for the reorganization and articulate clearly the new processes, there has been significant resistance from the planetary science community and concerns in some sectors regarding the major realignment of funding priorities. Review of NASA's Planetary Science Division's Restructured Research and Analysis Programs examines the new R&A program and determines if it appropriately aligns with the agency's strategic goals, supports existing flight programs, and enables future missions. This report explores whether any specific research areas or subdisciplinary groups that are critical to NASA's strategic objectives for planetary science and PSD's science goals are not supported appropriately in the current program or have been inadvertently disenfranchised through the reorganization. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %E Robertson, Andrew %E Olson, Steve %T Adapting Agricultural Extension to Peacebuilding: Report of a Workshop by the National Academy of Engineering and United States Institute of Peace: Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding %@ 978-0-309-25967-5 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13428/adapting-agricultural-extension-to-peacebuilding-report-of-a-workshop-by %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13428/adapting-agricultural-extension-to-peacebuilding-report-of-a-workshop-by %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Agriculture %P 62 %X Societies have sought to improve the outputs of their agricultural producers for thousands of years. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, efforts to convey agricultural knowledge to farmers became known as extension services, a term adopted from programs at Oxford and Cambridge designed to extend the knowledge generated at universities to surrounding communities. Traditionally, extension services have emphasized a top-down model of technology transfer that encourages and teaches producers to use crop and livestock varieties and agricultural practices that will increase food production. More recently, extension services have moved toward a facilitation model, in which extension agents work with producers to identify their needs and the best sources of expertise to help meet those needs. On May 1, 2012, the Roundtable on Science, Technology, and Peacebuilding held a workshop in Washington, DC, to explore whether and how extension activities could serve peacebuilding purposes. The Roundtable is a partnership between the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP). It consists of senior executives and experts from leading governmental organizations, universities, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations, was established in 2011 to make a measurable and positive impact on conflict management, peacebuilding, and security capabilities. Its principal goals are: To accelerate the application of science and technology to the process of peacebuilding and stabilization; To promote systematic, high-level communication between peacebuilding and technical organizations on the problems faced and the technical capabilities required for successful peacebuilding; and To collaborate in applying new science and technology to the most pressing challenges for local and international peacebuilders working in conflict zones. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %E Robertson, Andrew %E Olson, Steve %T Using Data Sharing to Improve Coordination in Peacebuilding: Report of a Workshop by the National Academy of Engineering and United States Institute of Peace: Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding %@ 978-0-309-26513-3 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13513/using-data-sharing-to-improve-coordination-in-peacebuilding-report-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13513/using-data-sharing-to-improve-coordination-in-peacebuilding-report-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Engineering and Technology %P 58 %X On May 23, 2012, the Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding convened a workshop at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) to investigate data sharing as a means of improving coordination among US government and nongovernment stakeholders involved in peacebuilding and conflict management activities. Using Data Sharing to Improve Coordination in Peacebuilding:Report of a Workshop by the National Academy of Engineering and the United States Institute of Peace: Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding addresses the following question: What needs must a data sharing system address to create more effective coordination in conflict zones and to promote the participation of federal agencies and nonfederal organizations in Peacebuilding? In addition, the workshop served as a means to obtain feedback on the UNITY system, a data-sharing platform developed by the Department of Defense (DOD) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Roundtable was established in 2011 as a partnership between USIP and the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) to make a measurable and positive impact on conflict management, peacebuilding, and security capabilities by bringing together leaders from the technical and peacebuilding communities. Its members are senior executives and experts from leading governmental organizations, universities, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations. Its principal goals are: 1. To accelerate the application of science and technology to the process of peacebuilding and stabilization; 2. To promote systematic, high-level communication between peacebuilding and technical organizations on the problems faced and the technical capabilities required for successful peacebuilding; and 3. To collaborate in applying new science and technology to the most pressing challenges faced by local and international peacebuilders working in conflict zones. The Roundtable is strongly committed to action-oriented projects, and the long-term goal of each is to demonstrate viability with a successful field trial. The Roundtable has selected a portfolio of high-impact peacebuilding problems on which to focus its efforts: 1. Adapting agricultural extension services to peacebuilding, 2.Using data sharing to improve coordination in peacebuilding, 3. Sensing emerging conflicts, and 4. Harnessing systems methods for delivery of peacebuilding services. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Olson, Steve %E Labov, Jay B. %T Thinking Evolutionarily: Evolution Education Across the Life Sciences: Summary of a Convocation %@ 978-0-309-25689-6 %D 2012 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13403/thinking-evolutionarily-evolution-education-across-the-life-sciences-summary-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13403/thinking-evolutionarily-evolution-education-across-the-life-sciences-summary-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 110 %X Evolution is the central unifying theme of biology. Yet today, more than a century and a half after Charles Darwin proposed the idea of evolution through natural selection, the topic is often relegated to a handful of chapters in textbooks and a few class sessions in introductory biology courses, if covered at all. In recent years, a movement has been gaining momentum that is aimed at radically changing this situation. On October 25-26, 2011, the Board on Life Sciences of the National Research Council and the National Academy of Sciences held a national convocation in Washington, DC, to explore the many issues associated with teaching evolution across the curriculum. Thinking Evolutionarily: Evolution Education Across the Life Sciences: Summary of a Convocation summarizes the goals, presentations, and discussions of the convocation. The goals were to articulate issues, showcase resources that are currently available or under development, and begin to develop a strategic plan for engaging all of the sectors represented at the convocation in future work to make evolution a central focus of all courses in the life sciences, and especially into introductory biology courses at the college and high school levels, though participants also discussed learning in earlier grades and life-long learning. Thinking Evolutionarily: Evolution Education Across the Life Sciences: Summary of a Convocation covers the broader issues associated with learning about the nature, processes, and limits of science, since understanding evolutionary science requires a more general appreciation of how science works. This report explains the major themes that recurred throughout the convocation, including the structure and content of curricula, the processes of teaching and learning about evolution, the tensions that can arise in the classroom, and the target audiences for evolution education.