%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Tang, Evonne P. Y. %T Path to Effective Recovering of DNA from Formalin-Fixed Biological Samples in Natural History Collections: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-10293-3 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11712/path-to-effective-recovering-of-dna-from-formalin-fixed-biological-samples-in-natural-history-collections %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11712/path-to-effective-recovering-of-dna-from-formalin-fixed-biological-samples-in-natural-history-collections %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 64 %X Museums catalogue our knowledge of the Earth's biodiversity, and their collections represent many decades of work by experts. Access to DNA sequence information in archival specimens would greatly extend knowledge of the genetic relationships within our biosphere. However, molecular genetic analysis of museum specimens has been slowed by the usual practice of fixation and storage of samples in formalin. Formalin is an environmental toxin and induces genetic and chromosomal alterations to the samples. Few of the many attempts to obtain and sequence DNA from formalin-fixed specimens stored in aqueous formalin or ethanol have been successful. All of the protocols are slow, difficult, and often expensive, and few produce DNA fragments longer than 500 base pairs. Path to Effective Recovering of DNA from Formalin-Fixed Biological Samples in Natural History Collections examines past attempts on DNA recovery from formalin-preserved biological specimens and discusses the research needed to advance the development of similar but more efficient and cost-effective protocols. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Waters, Mary C. %E Pineau, Marisa Gerstein %T The Integration of Immigrants into American Society %@ 978-0-309-37398-2 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21746/the-integration-of-immigrants-into-american-society %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21746/the-integration-of-immigrants-into-american-society %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 458 %X The United States prides itself on being a nation of immigrants, and the country has a long history of successfully absorbing people from across the globe. The integration of immigrants and their children contributes to our economic vitality and our vibrant and ever changing culture. We have offered opportunities to immigrants and their children to better themselves and to be fully incorporated into our society and in exchange immigrants have become Americans - embracing an American identity and citizenship, protecting our country through service in our military, fostering technological innovation, harvesting its crops, and enriching everything from the nation's cuisine to its universities, music, and art. Today, the 41 million immigrants in the United States represent 13.1 percent of the U.S. population. The U.S.-born children of immigrants, the second generation, represent another 37.1 million people, or 12 percent of the population. Thus, together the first and second generations account for one out of four members of the U.S. population. Whether they are successfully integrating is therefore a pressing and important question. Are new immigrants and their children being well integrated into American society, within and across generations? Do current policies and practices facilitate their integration? How is American society being transformed by the millions of immigrants who have arrived in recent decades? To answer these questions, this new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine summarizes what we know about how immigrants and their descendants are integrating into American society in a range of areas such as education, occupations, health, and language. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Tienda, Marta %E Mitchell, Faith %T Hispanics and the Future of America %@ 978-0-309-10051-9 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11539/hispanics-and-the-future-of-america %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11539/hispanics-and-the-future-of-america %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 502 %X Hispanics and the Future of America presents details of the complex story of a population that varies in many dimensions, including national origin, immigration status, and generation. The papers in this volume draw on a wide variety of data sources to describe the contours of this population, from the perspectives of history, demography, geography, education, family, employment, economic well-being, health, and political engagement. They provide a rich source of information for researchers, policy makers, and others who want to better understand the fast-growing and diverse population that we call “Hispanic.” The current period is a critical one for getting a better understanding of how Hispanics are being shaped by the U.S. experience. This will, in turn, affect the United States and the contours of the Hispanic future remain uncertain. The uncertainties include such issues as whether Hispanics, especially immigrants, improve their educational attainment and fluency in English and thereby improve their economic position; whether growing numbers of foreign-born Hispanics become citizens and achieve empowerment at the ballot box and through elected office; whether impending health problems are successfully averted; and whether Hispanics’ geographic dispersal accelerates their spatial and social integration. The papers in this volume provide invaluable information to explore these issues. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Precision Estimates for AASHTO Test Method T 269 Determined Using AMRL Proficiency Sample Data %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23157/precision-estimates-for-aashto-test-method-t-269-determined-using-amrl-proficiency-sample-data %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23157/precision-estimates-for-aashto-test-method-t-269-determined-using-amrl-proficiency-sample-data %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 114: Precision Estimates for AASHTO Test Method T 269 Determined Using AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL) Proficiency Sample Data explores the use of data from the AMRL Proficiency Sample Program (PSP) to update precision estimates for the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Test Method T269, Percent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and Open Asphalt Mixtures. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Boyle, Elizabeth %T Feasibility of Addressing Environmental Exposure Questions Using Department of Defense Biorepositories: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25287/feasibility-of-addressing-environmental-exposure-questions-using-department-of-defense-biorepositories %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25287/feasibility-of-addressing-environmental-exposure-questions-using-department-of-defense-biorepositories %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 11 %X The past decade has seen advancements in methods for measuring environmental exposures in biological specimens, such as blood or tissue. Chemicals can now be measured more accurately and with smaller volumes of specimens. Biorepositories that store many biospecimens are maintained by the Department of Defense (DoD) for medical purposes. To help determine the feasibility of using these biorepositories to conduct research on environmental and occupational exposures experienced by servicemembers, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a two-day workshop in June 2018. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Rodezno, Carolina %T Ignition Furnace Correction Factors: Identifying Influences and Minimizing Variability %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27030/ignition-furnace-correction-factors-identifying-influences-and-minimizing-variability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27030/ignition-furnace-correction-factors-identifying-influences-and-minimizing-variability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 52 %X Historically, the most common method for determining asphalt content was extraction using different methods and solvents such as trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, or n-propyl bromide. In the 1980s, the use of chlorinated solvents for asphalt extractions began to be questioned because of potential health and safety impacts and disposal difficulties. NCHRP Research Report 1060: Ignition Furnace Correction Factors: Identifying Influences and Minimizing Variability, from TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program, finds that reducing testing temperature results in lower correction factors for most asphalt mixes included in the evaluation. The study provides a precision statement that may be of particular interest to agencies dealing with mixes containing high recycled content materials and aggregates with high loss mass during ignition testing. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Mars Sample Return Missions %@ 978-0-309-13073-8 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12576/assessment-of-planetary-protection-requirements-for-mars-sample-return-missions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12576/assessment-of-planetary-protection-requirements-for-mars-sample-return-missions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 90 %X NASA maintains a planetary protection policy to avoid the forward biological contamination of other worlds by terrestrial organisms, and back biological contamination of Earth from the return of extraterrestrial materials by spaceflight missions. Forward-contamination issues related to Mars missions were addressed in a 2006 National Research Council (NRC) book, Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. However, it has been more than 10 years since back-contamination issues were last examined. Driven by a renewed interest in Mars sample return missions, this book reviews, updates, and replaces the planetary protection conclusions and recommendations contained in the NRC's 1997 report Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations. The specific issues addressed in this book include the following: The potential for living entities to be included in samples returned from Mars; Scientific investigations that should be conducted to reduce uncertainty in the above assessment; The potential for large-scale effects on Earth's environment by any returned entity released to the environment; Criteria for intentional sample release, taking note of current and anticipated regulatory frameworks; and The status of technological measures that could be taken on a mission to prevent the inadvertent release of a returned sample into Earth's biosphere. %0 Book %T Review of a Screening Level Risk Assessment for the Navy Air Facility at Atsugi, Japan %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9501/review-of-a-screening-level-risk-assessment-for-the-navy-air-facility-at-atsugi-japan %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9501/review-of-a-screening-level-risk-assessment-for-the-navy-air-facility-at-atsugi-japan %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 20 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Betts, Kellyn %E Sawyer, Keegan %T Use of Metabolomics to Advance Research on Environmental Exposures and the Human Exposome: Workshop in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23414/use-of-metabolomics-to-advance-research-on-environmental-exposures-and-the-human-exposome %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23414/use-of-metabolomics-to-advance-research-on-environmental-exposures-and-the-human-exposome %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X Metabolomics, the scientific study of small molecules produced from metabolism (metabolites) is a rapidly expanding area of research that enables scientists to better understand the physiological state of an organism and its response to different types of stimuli, including nutrients and pollutants. Metabolism is the array of chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to support its ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to environmental exposures, among other processes necessary to sustain life. Metabolites can be created in response to chemicals that originate endogenously (inside the body) or exogenously (outside of the body). Preliminary research suggests that metabolomics holds promise to advance understanding of the exposome. The exposome includes all of the environmental compounds an individual is exposed to from conception to death. This environmental correlate to the genome, first described in 2005 by Christopher Wild, includes people’s exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals, as well as the substances that can be produced in the body when chemicals are metabolized. For this reason, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop to examine the potential for using metabolomics to characterize human environmental exposures and the exposome. Proofs-of-concept were discussed in two case studies on the cause of human Eosinophilic esophagitis and the effect of toxic pollutants on pregnancy in rats. Key workshop themes included technical capabilities and limitations to collect metabolomics data and the implications of this new source of data for future environmental and public health research and public health policies. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Spevacek, Ashly %E Elrod, Cathy %E White, Jason %E Schwab, Kirsten %E Kolp, Tim and Vestal Tutterow %T Airport Escalators and Moving Walkways—Cost-Savings and Energy Reduction Technologies %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22243/airport-escalators-and-moving-walkways-cost-savings-and-energy-reduction-technologies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22243/airport-escalators-and-moving-walkways-cost-savings-and-energy-reduction-technologies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 42 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 117: Airport Escalators and Moving Walkways—Cost-Savings and Energy Reduction Technologies provides a systematic approach to identifying, evaluating, and selecting cost-saving and energy reduction technologies for airport escalators and moving walkways. A spreadsheet tool that supplements the report is bound in the hardcopy of the report as CRP-CD-156.The CD-ROM is also available for download from TRB’s website as an ISO image. Links to the ISO image and instructions for burning a CD-ROM from an ISO image are provided below.Help on Burning an .ISO CD-ROM ImageDownload the .ISO CD-ROM Image(Warning: This is a large file and may take some time to download using a high-speed connection.)CD-ROM Disclaimer - This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Signs of Life: A Report Based on the April 2000 Workshop on Life Detection Techniques %@ 978-0-309-08306-5 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10265/signs-of-life-a-report-based-on-the-april-2000 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10265/signs-of-life-a-report-based-on-the-april-2000 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 226 %X A workshop to assess the science and technology of life detection techniques was organized by the Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life (COEL) of the Board on Life Sciences (BLS) and the Space Studies Board (SSB). Topics discussed in the workshop included the search for extraterrestrial life in situ and in the laboratory, extant life and the signature of extinct life, and determination of the point of origin (terrestrial or not) of detected organisms. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Precision Estimates for AASHTO Test Method T308 and the Test Methods for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder in AASHTO Specification M320 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21969/precision-estimates-for-aashto-test-method-t308-and-the-test-methods-for-performance-graded-asphalt-binder-in-aashto-specification-m320 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21969/precision-estimates-for-aashto-test-method-t308-and-the-test-methods-for-performance-graded-asphalt-binder-in-aashto-specification-m320 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web Document 71: Precision Estimates for AASHTO Test Method T308 and the Test Methods for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder in AASHTO Specification M320 includes the results of Phase 3 of NCHRP 9-26, in which data from the AMRL Proficiency Sample Program (PSP) are used to create or update precision estimates for a variety of test methods. These include those methods specified in AASHTO Standard Specification M320, “Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder,” and AASHTO Standard Test Method T308, “Determining the Asphalt Binder Content of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) by the Ignition Method.” The report from Phase 1 of Project 9-26, which was published as NCHRP Web Document 54, includes precision estimates of selected volumetric properties of HMA using non-absorptive aggregates. The report from Phase 2, which was published as NCHRP Web Document 66, discusses the results of an investigation into the cause of variations in HMA bulk specific gravity test results using non-absorptive aggregates. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations %@ 978-0-309-05733-2 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5563/mars-sample-return-issues-and-recommendations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5563/mars-sample-return-issues-and-recommendations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 58 %X The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) serves as the primary adviser to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary protection policy, the purpose of which is to preserve conditions for future biological and organic exploration of planets and other solar system objects and to protect Earth and its biosphere from potential extraterrestrial sources of contamination. In October 1995 the NRC received a letter from NASA requesting that the Space Studies Board examine and provide advice on planetary protection issues related to possible sample-return missions to near-Earth solar system bodies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T In Situ Bioremediation: When Does it Work? %@ 978-0-309-04896-5 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2131/in-situ-bioremediation-when-does-it-work %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2131/in-situ-bioremediation-when-does-it-work %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 224 %X In situ bioremediation—the use of microorganisms for on-site removal of contaminants—is potentially cheaper, faster, and safer than conventional cleanup methods. But in situ bioremediation is also clouded in uncertainty, controversy, and mistrust. This volume from the National Research Council provides direction for decisionmakers and offers detailed and readable explanations of: the processes involved in in situ bioremediation, circumstances in which it is best used, and methods of measurement, field testing, and modeling to evaluate the results of bioremediation projects. Bioremediation experts representing academic research, field practice, regulation, and industry provide accessible information and case examples; they explore how in situ bioremediation works, how it has developed since its first commercial use in 1972, and what research and education efforts are recommended for the future. The volume includes a series of perspective papers. The book will be immediately useful to policymakers, regulators, bioremediation practitioners and purchasers, environmental groups, concerned citizens, faculty, and students. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Alternative Aircraft and Pavement Deicers and Anti-Icing Formulations with Improved Environmental Characteristics %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14370/alternative-aircraft-and-pavement-deicers-and-anti-icing-formulations-with-improved-environmental-characteristics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14370/alternative-aircraft-and-pavement-deicers-and-anti-icing-formulations-with-improved-environmental-characteristics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 11 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Results Digest 9: Alternative Aircraft and Pavement Deicers and Anti-Icing Formulations with Improved Environmental Characteristics explores the aquatic toxicity and biological oxygen demand state of the art, components, and promising alternative formulations of deicing and anti-icing products. The report also examines the performance; efficiency; material compatibility; and environmental, operational, and safety impacts of alternative formulations and components as well as the fate and transport of deicing and anti-icing formulation components and their degradation products.A full report on this issue was published by TRB as ACRP Web-Only Document 8. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Nass, Sharyl J. %E Phillips, Jonathan %E Patlak, Margie %T Policy Issues in the Development and Adoption of Biomarkers for Molecularly Targeted Cancer Therapies: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-36857-5 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21692/policy-issues-in-the-development-and-adoption-of-biomarkers-for-molecularly-targeted-cancer-therapies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21692/policy-issues-in-the-development-and-adoption-of-biomarkers-for-molecularly-targeted-cancer-therapies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 106 %X A long-held goal in oncology has been to develop therapies that target the specific abnormalities in each patient's cancer rather than simply treating cancers based on the tissue of origin. In the past decade, advances in technology have enabled researchers to relatively quickly and inexpensively determine, in minute detail, the genetic makeup of tumors. Although relatively few targeted cancer therapies are currently available in the clinic and it is not yet clear whether all cancers are driven by genetic changes that can be targeted, there is widespread optimism in the cancer community that this new ability to assess the genetic abnormalities in tumors will ultimately lead to better cancer treatments and improved patient outcomes. Policy Issues in the Development and Adoption of Biomarkers for Molecularly Targeted Cancer Therapies is the summary of a workshop convened in November 2014 by the Institute of Medicine's National Cancer Policy Forum to discuss recent trends in the development and implementation of molecularly targeted cancer therapies and explore potential policy actions to address specific challenges. This report highlights the presentations and discussions at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Edmonston, Barry %T Statistics on U.S. Immigration: An Assessment of Data Needs for Future Research %@ 978-0-309-05275-7 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4942/statistics-on-us-immigration-an-assessment-of-data-needs-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4942/statistics-on-us-immigration-an-assessment-of-data-needs-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 104 %X The growing importance of immigration in the United States today prompted this examination of the adequacy of U.S. immigration data. This volume summarizes data needs in four areas: immigration trends, assimilation and impacts, labor force issues, and family and social networks. It includes recommendations on additional sources for the data needed for program and research purposes, and new questions and refinements of questions within existing data sources to improve the understanding of immigration and immigrant trends. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Rasmussen, Kathleen M. %E Latulippe, Marie E. %E Yaktine, Ann L. %T Review of WIC Food Packages: An Evaluation of White Potatoes in the Cash Value Voucher: Letter Report %@ 978-0-309-33924-7 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20221/review-of-wic-food-packages-an-evaluation-of-white-potatoes %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/20221/review-of-wic-food-packages-an-evaluation-of-white-potatoes %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 116 %X Review of WIC Food Packages: An Evaluation of White Potatoes in the Cash Value Voucher assesses the impact of 2009 regulation to allow the purchase of vegetables and fruits, excluding white potatoes, with a cash value voucher on food and nutrient intakes of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) population and to consider whether white potatoes should be permitted for purchase with the voucher. This report considers the effects on diet quality, the health and cultural needs of the WIC population, and allows for effective and efficient administration nationwide in a cost-effective manner. Review of WIC Food Packages: An Evaluation of White Potatoes in the Cash Value Voucher recommends that the U.S. Department of Agriculture should allow white potatoes as a WIC-eligible vegetable, in forms currently permitted for other vegetables, in the cash value voucher pending changes to starchy vegetable intake recommendations in the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Fishman, Kenneth L. %E Nazaria, Soheil %E Walker, Shane %E Bronson, Arturo %T Improved Test Methods and Practices for Characterizing Steel Corrosion Potential of Earthen Materials %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25925/improved-test-methods-and-practices-for-characterizing-steel-corrosion-potential-of-earthen-materials %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25925/improved-test-methods-and-practices-for-characterizing-steel-corrosion-potential-of-earthen-materials %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X Electrochemical properties of earthen materials such as electrical resistivity, pH, salt concentrations, and organic contents are commonly used to characterize the corrosion potential of buried metal elements that are in direct contact with the surrounding soil.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program'sNCHRP Research Report 958: Improved Test Methods and Practices for Characterizing Steel Corrosion Potential of Earthen Materials proposes a protocol describing best practices for sampling, testing, and characterizing the steel corrosion potential of earthen materials.The protocol incorporates alternatives to the current AASHTO test standards for measuring electrochemical properties. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Formulations for Aircraft and Airfield Deicing and Anti-Icing: Aquatic Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23325/formulations-for-aircraft-and-airfield-deicing-and-anti-icing-aquatic-toxicity-and-biochemical-oxygen-demand %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23325/formulations-for-aircraft-and-airfield-deicing-and-anti-icing-aquatic-toxicity-and-biochemical-oxygen-demand %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web-Only Document 3: Formulations for Aircraft and Airfield Deicing and Anti-Icing: Aquatic Toxicity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand is an interim report on a project that is exploring the environmental characteristics of aircraft and pavement deicers and anti-icers.