@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Committee on Human Rights: Annual Report 2022", abstract = "With the support of the National Academies leadership and the more than 1,500 Academy members who actively support our work, the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) continues to assist colleagues under threat around the world and integrate human rights into the work of the National Academies. This publication highlights the assistance provided by CHR to at-risk colleagues and advocacy work and events hosted by CHR during 2022 to draw attention to colleagues suffering human rights abuses as a consequence of their professional activities and their exercise of internationally protected rights.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27011/committee-on-human-rights-annual-report-2022", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Holly Reed", title = "Demographic Assessment Techniques in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: Summary of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-08497-0", abstract = "The Roundtable on the Demography of Forced Migration was established by the Committee on Population of the National Research Council in 1999. The roundtable is composed of experts from academia, government, philanthropy, and international organizations. The roundtable's purpose is to serve as an interdisciplinary, nonpartisan focal point for taking stock of what is known about demographic patterns in refugee situations, to apply this knowledge base to assist both policy makers and relief workers, and to stimulate new directions for innovation and scientific inquiry in this growing field of study.\n \nThe roundtable meets yearly and has also organized a series of workshops (held concurrently with roundtable meetings) on some of the specific aspects of the demography of refugee and refugee-like situations, including mortality patterns, demographic assessment techniques, and research ethics in complex humanitarian emergencies.\n \n \nThis report to the Roundtable on the Demography of Forced Migration is a summary of one such workshop, which was held on September 20-21, 2000, under the aupices of the Committee on Population. The purpose of this meeting was to address a basic problem faced by all humanitarian relief agencies in an emergency: how to count the numbers of displaced persons and assess their general well-being. Workshop participants examined different methods for estimating refugee populations and their mortality rates, whether mortality was due to disease and malnutrition or human rights abuses. Demographic Assessment Techniques in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: Summary of a Workshop explores the applicability of various methods in different types of emergency settings, how to improve existing methodologies and develop new ones, and the difficulties encountered by personnel in the field, including security, logistics, and access to a population.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10482/demographic-assessment-techniques-in-complex-humanitarian-emergencies-summary-of-a", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", title = "Scientists and Human Rights in Guatemala: Report of a Delegation", isbn = "978-0-309-04793-7", abstract = "Roughly 40 thousand people have been killed or made to \"disappear\" for political reasons in Guatemala during the last 30 years. Despite vows and some genuine efforts by the current government, human rights abuses and political killings continue.\nScientists and Human Rights in Guatemala presents a history of the violence and the research findings and conclusions of a 1992 delegation to Guatemala. The focus of the book is on the human rights concerns and the responses of the government and military authorities to those concerns. Background and status of an investigation into the political murder of an eminent Guatemalan anthropologist is presented along with an overview of the impact of the repression on universities, research institutions, and service and human rights organizations.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2038/scientists-and-human-rights-in-guatemala-report-of-a-delegation", year = 1992, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2020", abstract = "The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2020, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26275/committee-on-human-rights-year-in-review-2020", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2017", abstract = "The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2017, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26293/committee-on-human-rights-year-in-review-2017", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2018", abstract = "The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2018, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26273/committee-on-human-rights-year-in-review-2018", year = 2019, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2021", abstract = "The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2021, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26577/committee-on-human-rights-year-in-review-2021", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Committee on Human Rights: Year in Review 2019", abstract = "The annual report of the Committee on Human Rights (CHR) provides an overview of the CHR's activities in 2019, including information on its advocacy, events, and awareness-raising projects.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26274/committee-on-human-rights-year-in-review-2019", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Jennifer Saunders", title = "Human Rights and Digital Technologies: Proceedings of a Symposium of Scholars and Practitioners–in Brief", abstract = "Digital technologies provide a means of anticipating, analyzing, and responding to human rights concerns, but they also present human rights challenges. These technologies have expanded opportunities for individuals and organizations to mobilize, document, and advocate, including around human rights and humanitarian crises; however, with these opportunities come certain concerns. Digital technologies have, for instance, been used to spread disinformation, surveil human rights defenders, and promote and incite violence. Discrimination in the use of, and access to, digital technologies presents another serious concern.\nOn September 18, 2019, the Committee on Human Rights of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine gathered experts in the fields of human rights and digital technology to examine these and other challenges and to explore ways of leveraging digital innovations in a manner that helps protect internationally recognized human rights. Human Rights and Digital Technologies: Proceedings of a Symposium of Scholars and Practitioners briefly summarizes themes discussed at the symposium.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26277/human-rights-and-digital-technologies-proceedings-of-a-symposium-of", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Ana Deros and Jen Saunders", title = "Attacks on Scientists and Health Professionals During the Pandemic: Proceedings of a Symposium—in Brief", abstract = "Scientists and health professionals have long been targeted in connection with their professional work. Though this problem preceded the pandemic, it has emerged as a major concern, both in the United States and globally, as a result of COVID-19. Since the onset of the pandemic, scientists and health professionals have been subjected to threats and other attacks - online and offline - resulting from their efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 with public health interventions and information. Reports of violence - carried out by numerous actors, including governments, groups, and individuals - are wide ranging and have come from all over the globe. In some cases, scientists, health professionals, and other groups have been targeted by multiple sources simultaneously, putting them at heightened risk of harm.\nBeginning September 1, 2022, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee on Human Rights hosted five webcasts examining the global problem of COVID-19-related attacks on researchers and health professionals, along with concerns regarding repression of information during the pandemic and implications for internationally protected rights. Topics included the targeting of scientists and public health professionals for providing evidence-based health information, global patterns of violence against health personnel, censorship and the right to information, science communication and human rights amid public health emergencies, and constructing a human rights framework for online health-related speech. This Proceedings of a Symposium-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the issues discussed during the series.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26936/attacks-on-scientists-and-health-professionals-during-the-pandemic-proceedings", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Roger McElrath", title = "Monitoring International Labor Standards: Summary of Domestic Forums", isbn = "978-0-309-08861-9", abstract = "Over the past half century, the international flow of goods, services, and capital has grown rapidly. Globalization creates new economic, cultural, and social opportunities, but also poses the challenge of ensuring that workers throughout the world share in these opportunities. Responding to this challenge, the U.S. government carries out a variety of policies and programs aimed at encouraging greater recognition of worker rights around the globe. The U.S. Department of State monitors worker rights abroad and reports on the status of those rights as part of its annual report to Congress in the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Building on this history of monitoring and encouraging worker rights around the world, the Trade Act of 2002 includes on the list of overall trade negotiating objectives of the United States, promote respect for worker rights.\nMonitoring International Labor Standards provides expert, science-based advice on monitoring compliance with international labor standards. This report identifies relevant, valid, reliable, and useful sources of country-level data on labor standards; assesses the quality of existing and potential data and indicators that can be used to systematically monitor labor practices and the effectiveness of enforcement in order to determine compliance with national labor legislation and international standards; identifies innovative measures to determine compliance with international labor standards on a country-by-country basis and to measure progress on improved labor legislation and enforcement; explores the relationship between labor standards compliance and national policies relating to human capital issues; and recommends sustainable reporting procedures to monitor countries' progress toward implementation of international labor standards.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10659/monitoring-international-labor-standards-summary-of-domestic-forums", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Science and Human Rights", abstract = "Why does the National Academy of Sciences have a Committee on Human Rights? How does the committee define human rights and which rights are fundamental? Does a focus on human rights undermine efforts toward international scientific cooperation , development, political stability, or nuclear disarmament? Why does the committee work only in behalf of scientists and how do scientists become victims of human rights violations? How and why do some health professionals collude with torturers? These questions are typical of those asked frequently of the members and staff of the academy's Committee on Human Rights. They are important questions that this document helps to answer.\nScience and Human Rights is the summary of the presentation and discussion of a Symposium convened by the National Academy of Sciences to discuss these issues. Also included in this report are three major papers written by former prisoners from Chile, South Africa, and the Soviet Union.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9733/science-and-human-rights", year = 1988, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Assessing Progress Toward Democracy and Good Governance: Summary of a Workshop", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10466/assessing-progress-toward-democracy-and-good-governance-summary-of-a", year = 1992, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Scientists and Human Rights in Chile: Report of a Delegation", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9732/scientists-and-human-rights-in-chile-report-of-a-delegation", year = 1985, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies: Proceedings - Symposium and Seventh Biennial Meeting, London, May 18-20, 2005", abstract = "This report is the proceedings of the seventh biennial meeting of the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies. (The international Network, created in 1993, consists of 70 national academies and scholarly societies around the world that work to address serious science and human rights issues of mutual concern. The Committee on Human Rights of the U.S. National Academies serves as the Network's secretariat.) The meeting was held on May 18 and 20, 2005, at the Royal Society in London. The main events of the meeting were a semipublic symposium, entitled Scientists, Human Rights, and Prospects for the Future, and a workshop on a variety of topics related to science, engineering, and health in the human rights context.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11740/international-human-rights-network-of-academies-and-scholarly-societies-proceedings", year = 2006, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies: Proceedings - Symposium and Fifth Biennial Meeting, Paris, May 10-11, 2001", abstract = "This report is the proceedings of the fifth biennial meeting of the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies. (The international Network, created in 1993, consists of 60 national academies and scholarly societies around the world that work to address serious science and human rights issues of mutual concern. The Committee on Human Rights of the U.S. National Academies serves as the Network's secretariat.) The meeting was held on May 10 and 11, 2001, at the Palais de l'Institut de France in Paris. The main events of the meeting were a semipublic symposium, entitled Human Rights and the Scientific Community, and a workshop on a variety of topics related to science, engineering, and health in the human rights context.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10706/international-human-rights-network-of-academies-and-scholarly-societies-proceedings", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Holly Reed", title = "Research Ethics in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: Summary of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-08493-2", abstract = "Situations involving conflict and forced migration have become increasingly commonplace in today's world. The need to understand the causes, consequences, and characteristics of these situations is creating a burgeoning field of research. But given the nature of complex emergency settings, traditional research guidelines may be inappropriate. The research and policy community has recognized this problem and has begun to address issues surrounding the ethics of doing research in emergency settings and among conflict-affected and displaced populations. The Roundtable on the Demography of Forced Migration, under the aegis of the Committee on Population of the National Research Council, held a workshop to examine some of these issues. This report to the roundtable summarizes the workshop presentations and discussion.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10481/research-ethics-in-complex-humanitarian-emergencies-summary-of-a-workshop", year = 2002, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Charlee Alexander", title = "Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Workshop in Brief", abstract = "On November 3-4, 2015, the Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in partnership with the Open Society Foundations and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA), held a workshop to examine the science and economics of investing in the health, education, nutrition, and social protection of children at the margins of society. Over the course of the public workshop, individual participants sought to bring to the foreground a scientific perspective of children at the margins and explore how discrimination and social exclusion affect early development, focusing on vulnerable populations such as children living outside of family care; children from diverse ethnic and linguistic backgrounds such as Roma; children with developmental delays and disabilities; and refugee, immigrant, and migrant children.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23408/reaching-and-investing-in-children-at-the-margins-workshop-in", year = 2016, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Monica Ulewicz", title = "Monitoring International Labor Standards: Human Capital Investment: Summary of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-09059-9", abstract = "An increasingly globalized world economy creates new economic, cultural, and social opportunities. Globalization also poses the challenge of ensuring that workers throughout the world share in these opportunities. In 1998 the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, a set of core international labor standards embodying basic workers' rights. Carrying out this commitment to workers' rights requires an understanding of labor conditions and country-level compliance with these standards. The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) contracted with the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies to advise the U.S. government on the design of an integrated and comprehensive system to monitor country-level compliance with these core international labor standards. The NRC has convened the Committee on Monitoring International Labor Standards (CMILS) to provide expert, science-based advice on monitoring compliance with international labor standards.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10821/monitoring-international-labor-standards-human-capital-investment-summary-of-a", year = 2003, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Engineering", editor = "Andrew Robertson and Steve Olson", title = "Sensing and Shaping Emerging Conflicts: Report of a Workshop by the National Academy of Engineering and United States Institute of Peace Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding", isbn = "978-0-309-28611-4", abstract = "Technology has revolutionized many aspects of modern life, from how businesses operate, to how people get information, to how countries wage war. Certain technologies in particular, including not only cell phones and the Internet but also satellites, drones, and sensors of various kinds, are transforming the work of mitigating conflict and building peaceful societies. Rapid increases in the capabilities and availability of digital technologies have put powerful communications devices in the hands of most of the world's population.\nThese technologies enable one-to-one and one-to-many flows of information, connecting people in conflict settings to individuals and groups outside those settings and, conversely, linking humanitarian organizations to people threatened by violence. Communications within groups have also intensified and diversified as the group members use new technologies to exchange text, images, video, and audio. Monitoring and analysis of the flow and content of this information can yield insights into how violence can be prevented or mitigated. In this way technologies and the resulting information can be used to detect and analyze, or sense, impending conflict or developments in ongoing conflict.\nOn October 11, 2012, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) held a workshop in Washington, DC, to identify \"major opportunities and impediments to providing better real-time information to actors directly involved in situations that could lead to deadly violence.\" The workshop brought together experts in technology, experts in peacebuilding, and people who have worked at the intersections of those two fields on the applications of technology in conflict settings, to consider uses of technology to sense emerging and ongoing conflicts and provide information and analyses that can be used to prevent violent and deadly conflict. Sensing and Shaping Emerging Conflicts: Report of a Joint Workshop of the National Academy of Engineering and the United States Institute of Peace: Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding summarizes the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18349/sensing-and-shaping-emerging-conflicts-report-of-a-workshop-by", year = 2013, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }