%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Schneeman, Barbara O. %E Yaktine, Ann L. %E Vorosmarti, Alice %T Scanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review %@ 978-0-309-67545-1 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26188/scanning-for-new-evidence-on-riboflavin-to-support-a-dietary-reference-intake-review %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26188/scanning-for-new-evidence-on-riboflavin-to-support-a-dietary-reference-intake-review %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 74 %X The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of evidence-based nutrient reference values for intakes that include the full range of age, gender, and life stage groups in the US and Canada. At the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to carry out a literature search and evidence scan of the peer-reviewed published literature on indicators of nutritional requirements, toxicity, and chronic disease risk reduction for riboflavin. Scanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review builds on the methodology for evidence scanning nutrients (which have existing DRIs) to determine whether there is new and relevant knowledge available that may merit a formal reexamination of DRIs for riboflavin. This report offers comments on the methodological approach to the evidence scan and discusses its findings and interpretation of the process to provide the study sponsors with a greater context to support their interpretation and application of the reported results. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Cereal Enrichment in Perspective, 1958 %D 1958 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18506/cereal-enrichment-in-perspective-1958 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18506/cereal-enrichment-in-perspective-1958 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 21 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Effect of Genetic Variance on Nutritional Requirements of Animals: Proceedings of a Symposium %@ 978-0-309-02342-9 %D 1975 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19/the-effect-of-genetic-variance-on-nutritional-requirements-of-animals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19/the-effect-of-genetic-variance-on-nutritional-requirements-of-animals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 130 %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition %@ 978-0-309-04633-6 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1349/recommended-dietary-allowances-10th-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1349/recommended-dietary-allowances-10th-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 302 %X Since its introduction in 1943 Recommended Dietary Allowances has become the accepted source of nutrient allowances for healthy people. These Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are used throughout the food and health fields. Additionally, RDAs serve as the basis for the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowances, the Food and Drug Administration's standards for nutrition labeling of foods. The 10th Edition includes research results and expert interpretations from years of progress in nutrition research since the previous edition and provides not only RDAs but also "Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes"—provisional values for nutrients where data were insufficient to set an RDA. Organized by nutrient for ready reference, the volume reviews the function of each nutrient in the human body, sources of supply, effects of deficiencies and excessive intakes, relevant study results, and more. The volume concludes with the invaluable "Summary Table of Recommended Dietary Allowances," a convenient and practical summary of the recommendations. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Vitamin Tolerance of Animals %@ 978-0-309-03728-0 %D 1987 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/949/vitamin-tolerance-of-animals %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/949/vitamin-tolerance-of-animals %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 108 %X Many feedstuffs and forages do not provide the dietary vitamins necessary for optimum growth and development, making supplementation necessary. This volume offers a practical, well-organized guide to safe levels of vitamin supplementation in all major domestic species, including poultry, cattle, sheep, and fishes. Fourteen essential vitamins are discussed with information on requirements in various species, deficiency symptoms, metabolism, indications of hypervitaminosis, and safe dosages. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T High-Energy, Nutrient-Dense Emergency Relief Food Product %@ 978-0-309-08315-7 %D 2002 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10347/high-energy-nutrient-dense-emergency-relief-food-product %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10347/high-energy-nutrient-dense-emergency-relief-food-product %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 155 %X The present study was conducted by an ad hoc subcommittee of the Committee on Military Nutrition Research. The Subcommittee on Technical Specifications for a High-Energy Emergency Relief Ration was established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine in response to a request from USAID and DOD to develop technical specifications for a product for use in food relief after natural disasters or other emergency situations around the world. The specifications are to be used by both agencies in their calls for bids from U.S. food manufacturers to supply such a product. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Moss, William J. %E Ramakrishnan, Meenakshi %E Storms, Dory %E Siegle, Anne Henderson %E Weiss, William M. %E Muhe, Lulu %T Child Health in Complex Emergencies %@ 978-0-309-10063-2 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11527/child-health-in-complex-emergencies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11527/child-health-in-complex-emergencies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 84 %X Addressing the health needs of children in complex emergencies is critical to the success of relief efforts and requires coordinated and effective interventions. However, little systematic work has been undertaken to evaluate such care. To address this need, this monograph presents a review of the published literature in this area, providing background on the burden of disease, the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the evidence base for effective interventions. It also describes surveys of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies providing care to children in complex emergencies, which were conducted to identify guidelines commonly used to provide such care and assesses the content and limitations of these guidelines. A more in-depth survey of several organizations was also conducted to assess obstacles to this kind of care. On the basis of the survey findings and the review of the published literature, the working group recommended that evidence-based, locally adapted guidelines to address the curative and preventive care of children in complex emergencies and health systems planning should be adopted by ministries of health and supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF. The guidelines should target, as much as possible, the different levels of health care workers providing care to children to ensure appropriate, effective, and uniform care in a variety of situations. Child Health in Complex Emergencies presents specific examples of areas for further research and guideline development. This report is not intended to be an exhaustive and definitive assessment of child health in complex emergencies. The topic is much too vast and complex, and different individuals and institutions will have incompatible perspectives. Rather, we aim to provide a starting point for discussion and debate on how to improve the care of children in these settings. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline %@ 978-0-309-06554-2 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6015/dietary-reference-intakes-for-thiamin-riboflavin-niacin-vitamin-b6-folate-vitamin-b12-pantothenic-acid-biotin-and-choline %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6015/dietary-reference-intakes-for-thiamin-riboflavin-niacin-vitamin-b6-folate-vitamin-b12-pantothenic-acid-biotin-and-choline %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 592 %X Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approach—the result: Dietary Reference Intakes. This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. This volume of the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age group—from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses: Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people. This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Nutrition During Lactation %@ 978-0-309-04391-5 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1577/nutrition-during-lactation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1577/nutrition-during-lactation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 326 %X On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and analysis, Nutrition During Lactation points out specific directions for needed research in understanding the relationship between the nutrition of healthy mothers and the outcomes of lactation. Of widest interest are the committee's clear-cut recommendations for mothers and health care providers. The volume presents data on who among U.S. mothers is breastfeeding, a critical evaluation of methods for assessing the nutritional status of lactating women, and an analysis of how to relate the mother's nutrition to the volume and composition of the milk. Available data on the links between a mother's nutrition and the nutrition and growth of her infant and current information on the risk of transmission through breastfeeding of allergic diseases, environmental toxins, and certain viruses (including the HIV virus) are included. Nutrition During Lactation also studies the effects of maternal cigarette smoking, drug use, and alcohol consumption. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Marriott, Bernadette M. %T Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations %@ 978-0-309-04840-8 %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2094/nutritional-needs-in-hot-environments-applications-for-military-personnel-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2094/nutritional-needs-in-hot-environments-applications-for-military-personnel-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 392 %X This volume examines the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of a hot environment on nutrient requirements of military personnel. A parallel concern is ensuring that performance does not decline as a result of inadequate nutrition. The committee provides a thorough review of the literature in this area and interprets the diverse data in terms of military applications. In addition to a focus on specific nutrient needs in hot climates, the committee considers factors that might change food intake patterns and therefore overall calories. Although concern for adequate nutrition for U.S. soldiers in Saudi Arabia prompted the initiation of this project, its scope includes the nutrient needs of individuals who may be actively working in both hot-dry and hot-moist climates. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Nutrient Requirements of Swine: 10th Revised Edition %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6016/nutrient-requirements-of-swine-10th-revised-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6016/nutrient-requirements-of-swine-10th-revised-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Agriculture %P 212 %X The tenth edition of this essential reference presents new knowledge about the nutritional needs of swine that consider such factors as growth rate, carcass leanness, gender, health, environment, and repartitioning agents. New sections are presented on requirements for amino acids and other nutrients. In addition, an original modeling approach to arriving at energy and amino acid needs for given animals is incorporated in this revision. The book comes with a CD-ROM that allows users to create tables of nutrient requirements for swine of a specific body weight and level of productivity. Nutrient Requirements of Swine covers: Biological concepts that underlie nutrient needs for growth and function. New data on amino acid and energy requirements and the factors that shape them. New findings on lysine and the bioavailability of amino acids. New research results on minerals and vitamins. Nutrient composition of an expanded list of feedstuffs. The role of water in swine physiology, including factors that affect the quality of drinking water. Expanded tables of feed ingredients and their nutrient composition provide bioavailability estimates, fatty acid composition of fats typically used in swine diets, and important information on estimating the amino acid content of crude protein. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk %@ 978-0-309-07474-2 %D 1989 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1222/diet-and-health-implications-for-reducing-chronic-disease-risk %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1222/diet-and-health-implications-for-reducing-chronic-disease-risk %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 768 %X Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Selenium in Nutrition,: Revised Edition %@ 978-0-309-03375-6 %D 1983 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/40/selenium-in-nutrition-revised-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/40/selenium-in-nutrition-revised-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 174 %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Harrison, Meghan %T Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-67924-4 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25841/nutrition-during-pregnancy-and-lactation-exploring-new-evidence-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25841/nutrition-during-pregnancy-and-lactation-exploring-new-evidence-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 202 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine last reviewed the state of the science on nutrition during pregnancy and lactation 30 years ago. The resulting consensus study reports from the Institute of Medicine—Nutrition During Pregnancy (IOM, 1990) and Nutrition During Lactation (IOM, 1991)—summarized the scientific evidence and provided nutrient recommendations. In the decades since the release of these two reports, the body of evidence on the relationships between nutrition during pregnancy and lactation and maternal and infant health and chronic disease has continued to grow and evolve. At the same time, the demographics of the population have shifted, giving rise to new considerations. To explore the evidence that has emerged, the National Academies conducted a 2-day workshop in January 2020. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer %@ 978-0-309-03280-3 %D 1982 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/371/diet-nutrition-and-cancer %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/371/diet-nutrition-and-cancer %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 496 %X Based on a thorough review of the scientific evidence, this book provides the most authoritative assessment yet of the relationship between dietary and nutritional factors and the incidence of cancer. It provides interim dietary guidelines that are likely to reduce the risk of cancer as well as ensure good nutrition. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Biographical Memoirs: Volume 59 %@ 978-0-309-04198-0 %D 1990 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1652/biographical-memoirs-volume-59 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1652/biographical-memoirs-volume-59 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %P 494 %X Biographic Memoirs: Volume 59 contains short biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Marriott, Bernadette M. %E Carlson, Sydne J. %T Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations %@ 978-0-309-05484-3 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5197/nutritional-needs-in-cold-and-high-altitude-environments-applications-for %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5197/nutritional-needs-in-cold-and-high-altitude-environments-applications-for %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %K Health and Medicine %P 584 %X This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Assessing Changing Food Consumption Patterns %@ 978-0-309-03135-6 %D 1981 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/380/assessing-changing-food-consumption-patterns %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/380/assessing-changing-food-consumption-patterns %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 294 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Howson, Christopher P. %E Harrison, Polly F. %E Law, Maureen %T In Her Lifetime: Female Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa %@ 978-0-309-05430-0 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5112/in-her-lifetime-female-morbidity-and-mortality-in-sub-saharan %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5112/in-her-lifetime-female-morbidity-and-mortality-in-sub-saharan %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 320 %X The relative lack of information on determinants of disease, disability, and death at major stages of a woman's lifespan and the excess morbidity and premature mortality that this engenders has important adverse social and economic ramifications, not only for Sub-Saharan Africa, but also for other regions of the world as well. Women bear much of the weight of world production in both traditional and modern industries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, women contribute approximately 60 to 80 percent of agricultural labor. Worldwide, it is estimated that women are the sole supporters in 18 to 30 percent of all families, and that their financial contribution in the remainder of families is substantial and often crucial. This book provides a solid documentary base that can be used to develop an agenda to guide research and health policy formulation on female health—both for Sub-Saharan Africa and for other regions of the developing world. This book could also help facilitate ongoing, collaboration between African researchers on women's health and their U.S. colleagues. Chapters cover such topics as demographics, nutritional status, obstetric morbidity and mortality, mental health problems, and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.