TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A Concept for a National Freight Data Program: Special Report 276 DO - 10.17226/10793 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10793/a-concept-for-a-national-freight-data-program-special-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB Special Report 276 - A Concept for a National Freight Data Program calls upon the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and its Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) to take the lead in coordinating freight data collection in the United States. Citing the need for accurate goods movement data in order to make informed decisions related to congestion, economic competitiveness, safety and security, and the environment, the TRB report recommends the development of a national freight data framework. The report's conceptual framework focuses on increasing the linkages between different sources of data and filling data gaps to develop a comprehensive source of timely and reliable data on freight flows. The national freight database aims to fulfill the major needs of a wide variety of users by capturing the important characteristics of freight movements--namely, shipment origin and destination; commodity characteristics, weight, and value; modes of shipment; routing and time of day; and vehicle or vessel type and configuration. The database also forms a foundation on which users can build their own more specialized data sets. In its eight recommendations, the report's study committee offers the U.S. DOT and the BTS specific guidance on developing a multiyear program to implement the framework concept. In particular, the committee strongly recommends that a freight data advisory committee composed of stakeholders and experts drawn from both the public and the private sectors play a key role in guiding program development and implementation. The proposed initiative will require a sustained effort over many years and involve many technical and organizational challenges. The amount of data required is large, and some of the information needed by decision makers has not previously been collected in the United States. The report highlights the development of innovative, low-cost methods for data collection and of procedures to protect the confidentiality of data providers as critical to a successful final outcome. Demands on the U.S. transportation system continue to evolve in response to changing patterns of goods movement and passenger travel and heightened concerns about transportation security. In the case of freight, the growth of international trade, the shift from a manufacturing to a service economy, deregulation, and the advent of freight logistics have all resulted in changes in the nature and volumes of goods shipped and the origins and destinations of shipments. At the same time, growing congestion on the nation's roads and at transportation hubs, such as ports and airports, not only inconveniences travelers but also threatens to undermine the reliable and timely movement of goods so critical to the national economy and quality of life. The effectiveness and efficiency of the freight transportation system are heavily dependent on reliable data to inform a range of decisions at all levels of government and in the private sector about economic and infrastructure investments and policy issues. Data on goods movements are needed to identify and evaluate options for mitigating congestion, improve regional and global economic competitiveness, enable effective land use planning, inform investment and policy decisions about modal optimization, enhance transportation safety and security, identify transportation marketing opportunities, and reduce fuel consumption and improve air quality. While data alone cannot guarantee good decisions, informed choices are not possible without good data. Data on goods movements are collected by federal agencies and other public- and private-sector entities that monitor or analyze transportation and trade activities on a regional, state, national, or international level. Because these data collection efforts are not coordinated, the resulting data sets are of varying quality and reliability and provide an incomplete picture of the universe of freight movements. Furthermore, difficulties in combining data from the diverse sources limit the usefulness of current data sets for the purposes of freight transportation analyses. To remedy these deficiencies, a national freight data framework is needed. A four page summary of the report was published in the July-August 2004 issue of the TR News. ER - TY - BOOK TI - New Era for Irrigation: Summary DO - 10.17226/21216 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21216/new-era-for-irrigation-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Experimentation and Testing Plans for the 2010 Census: Letter Report DO - 10.17226/12607 PY - 2009 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12607/experimentation-and-testing-plans-for-the-2010-census-letter-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Toxicogenomic Technologies and Risk Assessment of Environmental Carcinogens: A Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11335 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11335/toxicogenomic-technologies-and-risk-assessment-of-environmental-carcinogens-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies KW - Health and Medicine AB - Toxicogenomics is a discipline that combines expertise in toxicology, genetics, molecular biology, and environmental health to help understand the response of living organisms to stressful environments. The National Research Council convened a workshop to discuss how toxicogenomic data could be applied to improve risk assessments, particularly cancer risk from environmental exposure to chemicals. Risk assessments serve as the basis of many public-health decisions in environmental, occupational, and consumer protection from chemicals. The workshop provided a forum for communities of experts, including those working in "-omics" and those in the policy arena, to discuss where their fields intersect, and how toxicogenomics could address critical knowledge gaps in risk assessments. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper A2 - Keegan Sawyer TI - The Promise of Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Analysis Tools to Advance Environmental Health Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/25492 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25492/the-promise-of-single-cell-and-single-molecule-analysis-tools-to-advance-environmental-health-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Over the past decade, single-molecule and single-cell technologies have rapidly advanced healthcare research by enabling scientists to isolate individual cells. On March 7–8, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 2-day workshop to explore new single-cell and single-molecule analysis technologies. The participants discussed different uses of new cell technologies, valuable tools and lessons for data analysis, the challenges of translating single-cell genomics to the clinic, and applications in environmental health. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities SN - DO - 10.17226/11431 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11431/monitoring-at-chemical-agent-disposal-facilities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - Under the direction of the U.S. Army’s Chemical Materials Agency (CMA) and mandated by Congress, the nation is destroying its chemical weapons stockpile. Over the past several years, the Army has requested several studies from the NRC to assist with the stockpile destruction. This study was requested to advise the CMA about the status of analytical instrumentation technology and systems suitable for monitoring airborne chemical warfare agents at chemical weapons disposal and storage facilities. The report presents an assessment of current monitoring systems used for airborne agent detection at CMA facilities and of the applicability and availability of innovative new technologies. It also provides a review of how new regulatory requirements would affect the CMA’s current agent monitoring procedures, and whether new measurement technologies are available and could be effectively incorporated into the CMA’s overall chemical agent monitoring strategies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - George Casella A2 - Rongling Wu A2 - Sam S. Wu A2 - Scott T. Weidman TI - Making Sense of Complexity: Summary of the Workshop on Dynamical Modeling of Complex Biomedical Systems SN - DO - 10.17226/10356 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10356/making-sense-of-complexity-summary-of-the-workshop-on-dynamical PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - On April 26-28, 2001, the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications (BMSA) and the Board on Life Sciences of the National Research Council cosponsored a workshop on the dynamical modeling of complex biomedical systems. The workshop's goal was to identify some open research questions in the mathematical sciences whose solution would contribute to important unsolved problems in three general areas of the biomedical sciences: disease states, cellular processes, and neuroscience. The workshop drew a diverse group of over 80 researchers, who engaged in lively discussions.To convey the workshop's excitement more broadly, and to help more mathematical scientists become familiar with these very fertile interface areas, the BMSA appointed one of its members, George Casella, of the University of Florida, as rapporteur. He developed this summary with the help of two colleagues from his university, Rongling Wu and Sam S. Wu, assisted by Scott Weidman, BMSA director.This summary represents the viewpoint of its authors only and should not be taken as a consensus report of the BMSA or of the National Research Council. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Review of the Revised NTP Monograph on the Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects: A Letter Report DO - 10.17226/26030 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26030/review-of-the-revised-ntp-monograph-on-the-systematic-review-of-fluoride-exposure-and-neurodevelopmental-and-cognitive-health-effects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - In 2019, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) released the draft monograph Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects. Given the controversies surrounding the risks and benefits associated with fluoride exposure and to ensure the integrity of its evaluation, NTP asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to review the draft monograph. The 2020 report Review of the Draft NTP Monograph Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health identified deficiencies in the analysis of various aspects of some of the studies and in the analysis, summary, and presentation of the data in the draft monograph, provided many suggestions for improvement, and concluded that NTP had not adequately supported its conclusions. At the request of NTP, Review of the Revised NTP Monograph on the Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects determines whether substantive concerns raised in the 2020 report have been sufficiently addressed by revisions of the monograph and whether the evidence presented by NTP in the revised monograph supports its conclusions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Abe Meddah A2 - Mathew DeGeorge TI - Performance-Based Track Geometry, Phase 3 DO - 10.17226/27373 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27373/performance-based-track-geometry-phase-3 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Poor transit ride quality may not be an indicator of unsafe operation but may point to a vehicle or to an area of track that needs maintenance to prevent further geometry degradation.TCRP Web-Only Document 76: Performance-Based Track Geometry, Phase 3, from TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program, helps to develop methods to identify track conditions and locations that cause poor ride quality or vehicle performance.Supplemental to the report is a Presentation. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Cultural Diversity and Early Education: Report of a Workshop DO - 10.17226/9197 PY - 1994 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9197/cultural-diversity-and-early-education-report-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Joseph P. Newhouse A2 - John Mendelsohn A2 - Hellen Gelband A2 - Roger Herdman TI - Federal Agency Roles in Cancer Drug Development from Preclinical Research to New Drug Approval: The National Cancer Institute and the Food and Drug Administration DO - 10.17226/11257 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11257/federal-agency-roles-in-cancer-drug-development-from-preclinical-research-to-new-drug-approval PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Federal Agency Roles in Cancer Drug Development from Preclinical Research to New Drug Approval is an authored background paper describing the federal role in cancer drug development. This report is a part of a project of the National Cancer Policy Board to analyze every aspect of the way new agents to fight cancer are developed and to search for ways to streamline the process. This paper provides useful background detail for those interested in exploring issues that will be informed by how the FDA and NCI act and interact to develop cancer drugs from preclinical research to new drug approval. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Robert Pool TI - New Directions in Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18427 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18427/new-directions-in-assessing-performance-potential-of-individuals-and-groups PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - As an all-volunteer service accepting applications from nearly 400,000 potential recruits annually from across the U.S. population, the U.S. military must accurately and efficiently assess the individual capability of each recruit for the purposes of selection, job classification, and unit assignment. New Directions for Assessing Performance Potential of Individuals and Groups is the summary of a workshop held April 3-4, 2013 to examine the future of military entrance assessments. This workshop was a part of the first phase of a larger study that will investigate cutting-edge research into the measurement of both individual capabilities and group composition in order to identify future research directions that may lead to improved assessment and selection of enlisted personnel for the U.S. Army. The workshop brought together scientists from a variety of relevant areas to focus on cognitive and noncognitive attributes that can be used in the initial testing and assignment of enlisted personnel. This report discusses the evolving goals of candidate testing, emerging constructs and theory, and ethical implications of testing methods. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Lawrence D. Brown A2 - Thomas J. Plewes TI - Measuring Research and Development Expenditures in the U.S. Economy: Interim Report DO - 10.17226/10963 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10963/measuring-research-and-development-expenditures-in-the-us-economy-interim PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Surveys and Statistics ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - AECOM Consult, Inc A2 - Maier Consulting, Inc A2 - Peter Schauer Associates TI - Hazard and Security Plan Workshop: Instructor Guide DO - 10.17226/13695 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13695/hazard-and-security-plan-workshop-instructor-guide PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 86: Public Transportation Security, Volume 10 -- Hazard and Security Plan Workshop: Instructor Guide is designed to assist rural, small urban, and community-based passenger transportation agencies in creating hazard and security plans or in evaluating and modifying existing plans, policies, and procedures consistent with the National Incident Management System.Appendices to the report (which are shipped on a CD bound into the printed report) are linked to below.Appendix A: Lession PlanAppendix B: Instructor PowerPoint Slides and NotesAppendix C: Agenda for ParticipantsAppendix D: Somewhere County Map for WorkshopAppendix E: Guide for Workshop ParticipantsAppendix F: The HSPAppendix G: The HSP Template InstructionsAppendix H: Evaluation FormThe TCRP Report 86: Public Transportation Security series assembles relevant information into single, concise volumes, each pertaining to a specific security problem and closely related issues. These volumes focus on the concerns that transit agencies are addressing when developing programs in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed. Future volumes of the report will be issued as they are completed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World: Report of Two Workshops on Novel Antimicrobial Therapeutics SN - DO - 10.17226/11471 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11471/treating-infectious-diseases-in-a-microbial-world-report-of-two PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Balogh A2 - Jennifer Zhu A2 - Anne Frances Johnson A2 - Sharyl Nass TI - Addressing Treatment Resistance in the Development of Cancer Immune Modulator Therapeutics: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/27517 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27517/addressing-treatment-resistance-in-the-development-of-cancer-immune-modulator-therapeutics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The use of immune modulator therapeutics, a type of immunotherapy enhancing the body immune system response to cancer, was perceived as the beginning of a new era in cancer care. While still important and frequently used, some of these therapeutics produce uneven response rates, disease resistance, and serious side effects. The National Academies National Cancer Policy Forum, in collaboration with the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, hosted a public workshop to discuss challenges related to immunotherapy treatment resistance, as well as potential policy opportunities to improve the development of immunotherapies for cancer treatment. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - James W. Pellegrino A2 - Naomi Chudowsky A2 - Robert Glaser TI - Knowing What Students Know: The Science and Design of Educational Assessment SN - DO - 10.17226/10019 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10019/knowing-what-students-know-the-science-and-design-of-educational PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Education is a hot topic. From the stage of presidential debates to tonight's dinner table, it is an issue that most Americans are deeply concerned about. While there are many strategies for improving the educational process, we need a way to find out what works and what doesn't work as well. Educational assessment seeks to determine just how well students are learning and is an integral part of our quest for improved education. The nation is pinning greater expectations on educational assessment than ever before. We look to these assessment tools when documenting whether students and institutions are truly meeting education goals. But we must stop and ask a crucial question: What kind of assessment is most effective? At a time when traditional testing is subject to increasing criticism, research suggests that new, exciting approaches to assessment may be on the horizon. Advances in the sciences of how people learn and how to measure such learning offer the hope of developing new kinds of assessments-assessments that help students succeed in school by making as clear as possible the nature of their accomplishments and the progress of their learning. Knowing What Students Know essentially explains how expanding knowledge in the scientific fields of human learning and educational measurement can form the foundations of an improved approach to assessment. These advances suggest ways that the targets of assessment-what students know and how well they know it-as well as the methods used to make inferences about student learning can be made more valid and instructionally useful. Principles for designing and using these new kinds of assessments are presented, and examples are used to illustrate the principles. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also explored. With the promise of a productive research-based approach to assessment of student learning, Knowing What Students Know will be important to education administrators, assessment designers, teachers and teacher educators, and education advocates. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - Biographical Memoirs: Volume 88 SN - DO - 10.17226/11807 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11807/biographical-memoirs-volume-88 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biography and Autobiography AB - Biographic Memoirs Volume 88 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again. ER - TY - BOOK TI - EMF Research Activities Completed Under The Energy Policy Act of 1992 DO - 10.17226/9249 PY - 1995 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9249/emf-research-activities-completed-under-the-energy-policy-act-of-1992 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Gooloo S. Wunderlich A2 - Janet L. Norwood TI - Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: An Assessment of the Measure SN - DO - 10.17226/11578 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11578/food-insecurity-and-hunger-in-the-united-states-an-assessment PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The United States is viewed by the world as a country with plenty of food, yet not all households in America are food secure, meaning access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life. A proportion of the population experiences food insecurity at some time in a given year because of food deprivation and lack of access to food due to economic resource constraints. Still, food insecurity in the United States is not of the same intensity as in some developing countries. Since 1995 the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has annually published statistics on the extent of food insecurity and food insecurity with hunger in U.S. households. These estimates are based on a survey measure developed by the U.S. Food Security Measurement Project, an ongoing collaboration among federal agencies, academic researchers, and private organizations. USDA requested the Committee on National Statistics of the National Academies to convene a panel of experts to undertake a two-year study in two phases to review at this 10-year mark the concepts and methodology for measuring food insecurity and hunger and the uses of the measure. In Phase 2 of the study the panel was to consider in more depth the issues raised in Phase 1 relating to the concepts and methods used to measure food security and make recommendations as appropriate. The Committee on National Statistics appointed a panel of 10 experts to examine the above issues. In order to provide timely guidance to USDA, the panel issued an interim Phase 1 report, Measuring Food Insecurity and Hunger: Phase 1 Report. That report presented the panel's preliminary assessments of the food security concepts and definitions; the appropriateness of identifying hunger as a severe range of food insecurity in such a survey-based measurement method; questions for measuring these concepts; and the appropriateness of a household survey for regularly monitoring food security in the U.S. population. It provided interim guidance for the continued production of the food security estimates. This final report primarily focuses on the Phase 2 charge. The major findings and conclusions based on the panel's review and deliberations are summarized. ER -