%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Oil in the Sea IV: Quick Guide for Practitioners and Researchers %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 84 %X This booklet provides key insights from Oil in the Sea IV: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, published in 2022, which benefited from significant advancements in scientific methods to detect the input and fates of oil in the sea, and from lessons learned from the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill in 2010. Going beyond previous reports, Oil in the Sea IV includes analysis of human health impacts of oil in the sea, oil in the Arctic marine environment, and prevention and response efforts that can help to both reduce the amount of oil reaching the sea and minimize its effects. The booklet is meant to serve as a reference guide to all those involved in oil spill research and response. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Toward a New Era of Data Sharing: Summary of the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 56 %X Data are at the forefront of efforts to solve many of today's greatest problems, including climate change, misinformation and disinformation, the threat of future global pandemics, and the quest by people everywhere to lead better lives. But if researchers are going to use data to contribute to the solutions of problems, data need to be available for them to use. Over time, data have become increasingly voluminous, complex, and heterogeneous. Massive volumes of data are being generated by new devices and methods, and many of these data are not easy to analyze, interpret, or share. Groups that generate data may be reluctant to share them for a variety of professional, personal, financial, regulatory, and statutory reasons.These issues were addressed during the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data held in Washington, DC, on September 12–13, 2023. Organized by the National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society, the forum examined the constellation of issues surrounding researchers' access to data, best practices and lessons learned from exemplary research disciplines, and new ideas and techniques that could drive research forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the forum. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Graig, Laurene %E Flaubert, Jennifer Lalitha %E Snair, Megan %T Advancing Diagnostic Excellence for Maternal Health Care: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27314/advancing-diagnostic-excellence-for-maternal-health-care-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27314/advancing-diagnostic-excellence-for-maternal-health-care-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 13 %X Pregnant persons are uniquely vulnerable to diagnostic errors, with people of color and other disadvantaged minority populations facing the greatest risk. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Board on Health Care Services hosted a hybrid public workshop in July 2023 to explore challenges in achieving diagnostic excellence in maternal health care, diagnostic disparities and interventions to mitigate these disparities, and strategies to advance diagnostic excellence. This workshop follows the foundational 2015 report from the Institute of Medicine, Improving Diagnosis in Health Care and is the sixth workshop in a series, Advancing Diagnostic Excellence. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Flaubert, Jennifer Lalitha %E Lustig, Tracy %E Snair, Megan %T Advancing Diagnostic Excellence for Older Adults: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26789/advancing-diagnostic-excellence-for-older-adults-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26789/advancing-diagnostic-excellence-for-older-adults-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X To examine the current state of the science and research opportunities for improving diagnosis in older adults within the U.S. health care system, the Board on Health Care Services of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a hybrid workshop on July 21, 2022. The workshop highlighted unique challenges faced in achieving diagnostic excellence for older adults, opportunities and obstacles to improving diagnosis, and strategies and interventions to promote diagnostic excellence across the care continuum. This workshop was the fifth in a series on diagnostic excellence funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, with additional funding provided for this specific workshop by The John A. Hartford Foundation. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Flaubert, Jennifer Lalitha %E Cooper, Ruth %E Snair, Megan %E Nass, Sharyl %T Achieving Excellence in Cancer Diagnosis: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26505/achieving-excellence-in-cancer-diagnosis-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26505/achieving-excellence-in-cancer-diagnosis-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X The Board on Health Care Services of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual workshop to examine the current science and research opportunities for improving the diagnosis of cancer within the U.S. health care system. The workshop, held on October 6, 2021, highlighted the patient experience, the diagnostic process, cancer epidemiology, approaches to mitigate disparities and promote equity in diagnosis, novel diagnostic strategies and tools, and strategies to improve the overall system of cancer diagnosis. This workshop was the third in a series on diagnostic excellence funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Daniels, Ronald %E Beninson, Lida %T The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through %@ 978-0-309-47137-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25008/the-next-generation-of-biomedical-and-behavioral-sciences-researchers-breaking %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25008/the-next-generation-of-biomedical-and-behavioral-sciences-researchers-breaking %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 192 %X Since the end of the Second World War, the United States has developed the world's preeminent system for biomedical research, one that has given rise to revolutionary medical advances as well as a dynamic and innovative business sector generating high-quality jobs and powering economic output and exports for the U.S. economy. However, there is a growing concern that the biomedical research enterprise is beset by several core challenges that undercut its vitality, promise, and productivity and that could diminish its critical role in the nation's health and innovation in the biomedical industry. Among the most salient of these challenges is the gulf between the burgeoning number of scientists qualified to participate in this system as academic researchers and the elusive opportunities to establish long-term research careers in academia. The patchwork of measures to address the challenges facing young scientists that has emerged over the years has allowed the U.S. biomedical enterprise to continue to make significant scientific and medical advances. These measures, however, have not resolved the structural vulnerabilities in the system, and in some cases come at a great opportunity cost for young scientists. These unresolved issues could diminish the nation's ability to recruit the best minds from all sectors of the U.S. population to careers in biomedical research and raise concerns about a system that may favor increasingly conservative research proposals over high-risk, innovative ideas. The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through evaluates the factors that influence transitions into independent research careers in the biomedical and behavioral sciences and offers recommendations to improve those transitions. These recommendations chart a path to a biomedical research enterprise that is competitive, rigorous, fair, dynamic, and can attract the best minds from across the country. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Schiavone, John J. %T Use of Automotive Service Excellence Tests Within Transit %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23487/use-of-automotive-service-excellence-tests-within-transit %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23487/use-of-automotive-service-excellence-tests-within-transit %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 99 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Synthesis 120: Use of Automotive Service Excellence Tests Within Transit documents how the Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) program is accepted and used within the transit bus maintenance community. The ASE program is nationally recognized as the standard industry credential provider for automotive professionals. The report explores how a cross section of transit bus maintenance personnel view the ASE certification program and summarizes their perspectives to improve ASE certification acceptance and participation. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Snair, Megan %E Zevon, Emily %E Trang, Cyndi %T Achieving Excellence in Sepsis Diagnosis: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26034/achieving-excellence-in-sepsis-diagnosis-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26034/achieving-excellence-in-sepsis-diagnosis-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 10 %X On August 27, 2020, the Board on Health Care Services of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Achieving Excellence in Sepsis Diagnosis. The workshop featured invited speakers and discussions to examine the current scientific landscape and research opportunities for improving sepsis diagnosis within the U.S. health care system. This publication highlights presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Balogh, Erin %E Zevon, Emily %E Snair, Megan %E Cooper, Ruth %E Flaubert, Jennifer Lalitha %T Achieving Excellence in the Diagnosis of Acute Cardiovascular Events: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26309/achieving-excellence-in-the-diagnosis-of-acute-cardiovascular-events-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26309/achieving-excellence-in-the-diagnosis-of-acute-cardiovascular-events-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 11 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Health Care Services hosted a virtual workshop titled, Achieving Excellence in the Diagnosis of Acute Cardiovascular Events, on April 23, 2021. The workshop focused on the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. Speakers and discussions examined the current scientific landscape and research opportunities for improving diagnosis within the United States health care system and highlighted system improvement strategies for diagnosis, approaches to promote equity in diagnosis, and novel diagnostic tools. This workshop was the second in a series on diagnostic excellence funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Issues for Science and Engineering Researchers in the Digital Age %@ 978-0-309-07417-9 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10100/issues-for-science-and-engineering-researchers-in-the-digital-age %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10100/issues-for-science-and-engineering-researchers-in-the-digital-age %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Education %P 69 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Shaw, Alan %T University Research Centers of Excellence for Homeland Security: A Summary Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-09236-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10984/university-research-centers-of-excellence-for-homeland-security-a-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10984/university-research-centers-of-excellence-for-homeland-security-a-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 30 %X In establishing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Administration and Congress determined that science and technology should play a key role in the nation’s efforts to counter terrorism. Congress included an S&T directorate prominently in the DHS. Within that directorate, is the Office of University Programs, which is responsible for sponsoring a number of homeland security centers of excellence in the nation’s universities. These centers are to work on a spectrum of short- and long-range R&D and carry out crosscutting, multidisciplinary work on a variety of threats. To assist it in planning for these centers, TSA asked the NRC to hold a workshop to generate a broad range of ideas to draw on to help define the centers. This report presents the results of that workshop including the major ideas that emerged from the discussions. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Cross, Christopher T. %E Woods, Taniesha A. %E Schweingruber, Heidi %T Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood: Paths Toward Excellence and Equity %@ 978-0-309-12806-3 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12519/mathematics-learning-in-early-childhood-paths-toward-excellence-and-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12519/mathematics-learning-in-early-childhood-paths-toward-excellence-and-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 398 %X Early childhood mathematics is vitally important for young children's present and future educational success. Research demonstrates that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Furthermore, young children enjoy their early informal experiences with mathematics. Unfortunately, many children's potential in mathematics is not fully realized, especially those children who are economically disadvantaged. This is due, in part, to a lack of opportunities to learn mathematics in early childhood settings or through everyday experiences in the home and in their communities. Improvements in early childhood mathematics education can provide young children with the foundation for school success. Relying on a comprehensive review of the research, Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood lays out the critical areas that should be the focus of young children's early mathematics education, explores the extent to which they are currently being incorporated in early childhood settings, and identifies the changes needed to improve the quality of mathematics experiences for young children. This book serves as a call to action to improve the state of early childhood mathematics. It will be especially useful for policy makers and practitioners-those who work directly with children and their families in shaping the policies that affect the education of young children. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of the Draft 2019 Science Mission Directorate Science Plan %@ 978-0-309-49838-8 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25587/review-of-the-draft-2019-science-mission-directorate-science-plan %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25587/review-of-the-draft-2019-science-mission-directorate-science-plan %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 38 %X NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) ties together diverse researchers, sponsors, and resources to develop the science community’s understanding of the universe. Within scientific organizations like NASA, it is important to establish clear strategies and goals to guide research and foster new discoveries across varying missions. SMD created a draft for their 2019 Science Plan, and a review of this draft is necessary to ensure that the plan establishes clear, attainable, relevant, and ambitious goals. Review of the Draft 2019 Science Mission Directorate Science Plan provides comments on and recommendations for SMD’s draft. Comments in this report focus on the level of ambition of the specified strategies in light of current and emerging opportunities to advance Earth and space science over the next 5 years, the ability of SMD to meet the science objectives in the most recent decadal surveys through implementation of specified strategies, additional strategies for SMD’s considerations, and the general readability and clarity of the draft. Recommendations in this report identify important improvements for the 2019 Science Plan. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A New Vision for Center-Based Engineering Research %@ 978-0-309-45905-1 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24767/a-new-vision-for-center-based-engineering-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24767/a-new-vision-for-center-based-engineering-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 102 %X The future security, economic growth, and competitiveness of the United States depend on its capacity to innovate. Major sources of innovative capacity are the new knowledge and trained students generated by U.S. research universities. However, many of the complex technical and societal problems the United States faces cannot be addressed by the traditional model of individual university research groups headed by a single principal investigator. Instead, they can only be solved if researchers from multiple institutions and with diverse expertise combine their efforts. The National Science Foundation (NSF), among other federal agencies, began to explore the potential of such center-scale research programs in the 1970s and 1980s; in many ways, the NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) program is its flagship program in this regard. The ERCs are "interdisciplinary, multi-institutional centers that join academia, industry, and government in partnership to produce transformational engineered systems and engineering graduates who are adept at innovation and primed for leadership in the global economy. To ensure that the ERCs continue to be a source of innovation, economic development, and educational excellence, A New Vision for Center-Based Engineering Research explores the future of center-based engineering research, the skills needed for effective center leadership, and opportunities to enhance engineering education through the centers. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %A Institute of Medicine %E Benderly, Beryl Lieff %T The Arc of the Academic Research Career: Issues and Implications for U.S. Science and Engineering Leadership: Summary of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-29896-4 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18627/the-arc-of-the-academic-research-career-issues-and-implications %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18627/the-arc-of-the-academic-research-career-issues-and-implications %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 78 %X America's research universities have undergone striking change in recent decades, as have many aspects of the society that surrounds them. This change has important implications for the heart of every university: the faculty. To sustain their high level of intellectual excellence and their success in preparing young people for the various roles they will play in society, universities need to be aware of how evolving conditions affect their ability to attract the most qualified people and to maximize their effectiveness as teachers and researchers. Gender roles, family life, the demographic makeup of the nation and the faculty, and the economic stability of higher education all have shifted dramatically over the past generation. In addition, strong current trends in technology, funding, and demographics suggest that change will continue and perhaps even accelerate in academe in the years to come. One central element of academic life has remained essentially unchanged for generations, however: the formal structure of the professorial career. Developed in the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to suit circumstances quite different from today's, and based on traditions going back even earlier, this customary career path is now a source of strain for both the individuals pursuing it and the institutions where they work. The Arc of the Academic Research Career is the summary of a workshop convened by The Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy in September 2013 to examine major points of strain in academic research careers from the point of view of both the faculty members and the institutions. National experts from a variety of disciplines and institutions discussed practices and strategies already in use on various campuses and identified issues as yet not effectively addressed. This workshop summary addresses the challenges universities face, from nurturing the talent of future faculty members to managing their progress through all the stages of their careers to finding the best use of their skills as their work winds down. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Flaubert, Jennifer Lalitha %E Cooper, Ruth %E Snair, Megan %T Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic to Improve Diagnosis: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26567/lessons-learned-from-the-covid-19-pandemic-to-improve-diagnosis %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26567/lessons-learned-from-the-covid-19-pandemic-to-improve-diagnosis %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 11 %X On January 14, 2022, the Board on Health Care Services of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual workshop focused on examining changes to diagnostic paradigms in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and considering the lessons learned and opportunities for improving diagnosis within the U.S. health care system. The workshop highlighted the pandemic's impact on diagnostic pathways, the exacerbation of inequities, diagnostic responsibilities for public health, and the novel diagnostic strategies and tools that have been developed since COVID-19 emerged. This workshop was the fourth in a series on diagnostic excellence funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Manning, Frederick J. %E McGeary, Michael %E Estabrook, Ronald %T NIH Extramural Center Programs: Criteria for Initiation and Evaluation %@ 978-0-309-09152-7 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10919/nih-extramural-center-programs-criteria-for-initiation-and-evaluation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10919/nih-extramural-center-programs-criteria-for-initiation-and-evaluation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 232 %X Grants for research centers located in universities, medical centers, and other nonprofit research institutions account for about 9 percent of the National Institutes of Health budget. Centers are popular because they can bring visibility, focus, and increased resources to bear on specific diseases. However, congressional debate in 2001 over proposed legislation directing NIH to set up centers for muscular dystrophy research highlighted several areas of uncertainty about how to decide when centers are an appropriate research mechanism in specific cases. The debate also highlighted a growing trend among patient advocacy groups to regard centers as a key element of every disease research program, regardless of how much is known about the disease in question, the availability of experienced researchers, and other factors. This book examines the criteria and procedures used in deciding whether to establish new specialized research centers. It discusses the future role of centers in light of the growing trend of large-scale research in biomedicine, and it offers recommendations for improving the classification and tracking of center programs, clarifying and improving the decision process and criteria for initiating center programs, resolving the occasional disagreements over the appropriateness of centers, and evaluating the performance of center programs more regularly and systematically. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Fox, Marye Anne %E Hackerman, Norman %T Evaluating and Improving Undergraduate Teaching in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics %@ 978-0-309-07277-9 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10024/evaluating-and-improving-undergraduate-teaching-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10024/evaluating-and-improving-undergraduate-teaching-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 232 %X Economic, academic, and social forces are causing undergraduate schools to start a fresh examination of teaching effectiveness. Administrators face the complex task of developing equitable, predictable ways to evaluate, encourage, and reward good teaching in science, math, engineering, and technology. Evaluating, and Improving Undergraduate Teaching in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics offers a vision for systematic evaluation of teaching practices and academic programs, with recommendations to the various stakeholders in higher education about how to achieve change. What is good undergraduate teaching? This book discusses how to evaluate undergraduate teaching of science, mathematics, engineering, and technology and what characterizes effective teaching in these fields. Why has it been difficult for colleges and universities to address the question of teaching effectiveness? The committee explores the implications of differences between the research and teaching cultures-and how practices in rewarding researchers could be transferred to the teaching enterprise. How should administrators approach the evaluation of individual faculty members? And how should evaluation results be used? The committee discusses methodologies, offers practical guidelines, and points out pitfalls. Evaluating, and Improving Undergraduate Teaching in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics provides a blueprint for institutions ready to build effective evaluation programs for teaching in science fields. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Saunders, Jennifer %T Preserving and Developing Ukraine's Human Capital in Research, Education, and Innovation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27417/preserving-and-developing-ukraines-human-capital-in-research-education-and-innovation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27417/preserving-and-developing-ukraines-human-capital-in-research-education-and-innovation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 17 %X The February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has devastated the country, resulting in mass casualties, destruction of facilities and infrastructure, and significant internal and external migration. The invasion also ravaged science and technology sectors, not only in terms of damaging physical facilities and institutions, but also by displacing scientists and creating challenging conditions that researchers who remain in Ukraine must face to continue their work. Because scientific and technological advances will drive many future national security and economic growth decisions, it is critical to strengthen and rebuild its capacity to establish and maintain a robust science and innovation system that supports basic and applied research, trains the next generation of scientists and engineers, and provides mechanisms for science and technology decision-making and advice to Ukrainian policymakers. In support of this effort, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on June 5, 21, and 28, 2023, on how to establish flexible, impactful, and sustainable programs, both today and in the future, to support the Ukrainian research community. During the workshop, speakers shared best approaches to strengthening and developing human capital needed to manage a modern research and innovation system. Participants also discussed efforts to provide funding or develop scientific collaboration in support of researchers. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia: Controlling Diseases and Enhancing Security %@ 978-0-309-09704-8 %D 2006 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11382/biological-science-and-biotechnology-in-russia-controlling-diseases-and-enhancing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11382/biological-science-and-biotechnology-in-russia-controlling-diseases-and-enhancing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 156 %X In July 2005, the National Academies released the report Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia: Controlling Diseases and Enhancing Security. The report offered a number of recommendations that could help restore Russia's ability to join with the United States and the broader international community in leading an expanded global effort to control infectious diseases. A proposed bilateral intergovernmental commission could play a pivotal role toward that end as cooperation moves from assistance to partnership. The report proposed the establishment of two model State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance Centers in Russia, more focused support of competitively selected Russian research groups as centers of excellence, the promotion of investments in biotechnology niches that are well suited for Russian companies, and expanded opportunities for young scientists to achieve scientific leadership positions in Russia. Also, the report highlighted the importance of U.S. programs that support the integration of former Soviet defense scientists with civilian researchers who had not been involved in military-related activities.