@BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Oil in the Sea IV: Quick Guide for Practitioners and Researchers", abstract = "This booklet provides key insights from Oil in the Sea IV: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, published in 2022, which benefited from significant advancements in scientific methods to detect the input and fates of oil in the sea, and from lessons learned from the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill in 2010. Going beyond previous reports, Oil in the Sea IV includes analysis of human health impacts of oil in the sea, oil in the Arctic marine environment, and prevention and response efforts that can help to both reduce the amount of oil reaching the sea and minimize its effects. The booklet is meant to serve as a reference guide to all those involved in oil spill research and response.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Sciences", title = "Toward a New Era of Data Sharing: Summary of the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data", abstract = "Data are at the forefront of efforts to solve many of today's greatest problems, including climate change, misinformation and disinformation, the threat of future global pandemics, and the quest by people everywhere to lead better lives. But if researchers are going to use data to contribute to the solutions of problems, data need to be available for them to use. Over time, data have become increasingly voluminous, complex, and heterogeneous. Massive volumes of data are being generated by new devices and methods, and many of these data are not easy to analyze, interpret, or share. Groups that generate data may be reluctant to share them for a variety of professional, personal, financial, regulatory, and statutory reasons.These issues were addressed during the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data held in Washington, DC, on September 12\u201313, 2023. Organized by the National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society, the forum examined the constellation of issues surrounding researchers' access to data, best practices and lessons learned from exemplary research disciplines, and new ideas and techniques that could drive research forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the forum.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Alexis Wojtowicz and Kathleen Stratton and Tracy A. Lieu", title = "Closing Evidence Gaps in Clinical Prevention", isbn = "978-0-309-26957-5", abstract = "Closing Evidence Gaps in Clinical Prevention, a new consensus study report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, evaluates evidence gaps in clinical prevention recommendations described by the United States Preventive Services Task Force and other clinical practice guideline developers and presents a taxonomy of these evidence gaps for future use. This report aims to improve the coordination of efforts to describe and communicate priority evidence gaps among funders and researchers. It also proposes new opportunities for collaboration among researchers, funders, and guideline developers to accelerate research that could close evidence gaps.\nThe authoring committee has also developed an interactive graphic that can be used as a workflow diagram for implementing the taxonomy. This workflow walks users through reviewing evidence, characterizing evidence gaps using relevant taxonomies, and developing a research agenda. Click here to view and engage with the interactive graphic. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26351/closing-evidence-gaps-in-clinical-prevention", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Barbara O. Schneeman and Ann L. Yaktine and Alice Vorosmarti", title = "Scanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review", isbn = "978-0-309-67545-1", abstract = "The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of evidence-based nutrient reference values for intakes that include the full range of age, gender, and life stage groups in the US and Canada. At the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to carry out a literature search and evidence scan of the peer-reviewed published literature on indicators of nutritional requirements, toxicity, and chronic disease risk reduction for riboflavin.\nScanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review builds on the methodology for evidence scanning nutrients (which have existing DRIs) to determine whether there is new and relevant knowledge available that may merit a formal reexamination of DRIs for riboflavin. This report offers comments on the methodological approach to the evidence scan and discusses its findings and interpretation of the process to provide the study sponsors with a greater context to support their interpretation and application of the reported results.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26188/scanning-for-new-evidence-on-riboflavin-to-support-a-dietary-reference-intake-review", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Lisa Bain and Sheena M. Posey Norris and Clare Stroud", title = "Sex Differences in Brain Disorders: Emerging Transcriptomic Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop", isbn = "978-0-309-26510-2", abstract = "Accumulating evidence gathered over the past three decades has demonstrated a biological basis for differences between men and women with respect to clinical features and treatment responses to several neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders. Dramatic sex differences have also been identified in the brain transcriptomes of individuals with multiple brain disorders, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and autism. The brain transcriptome includes all of the messenger RNA as well as the non-protein-coding RNA molecules expressed in brain tissue and thus represents gene activity. To explore these sex-based transcriptomic differences further, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop on September 23, 2020, titled Sex Differences in Brain Disorders: Emerging Transcriptomic Evidence and Implications for Therapeutic Development. The workshop brought together a broad spectrum of stakeholders to share cutting-edge emerging evidence, discuss challenges, and identify future opportunities and potential directions. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26058/sex-differences-in-brain-disorders-emerging-transcriptomic-evidence-proceedings-of", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Policing to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the Population: An Evidence-Based Approach", isbn = "978-0-309-68535-1", abstract = "The U.S. Department of State, through its Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), provides foreign assistance and supports capacity building for criminal justice systems and police organizations in approximately 90 countries around the world. It has a mandate to strengthen fragile states, support democratic transitions, and stabilize conflict-affected societies by helping partner countries develop effective and accountable criminal justice sector institutions and systems.\nWhile the science of policing outcomes has grown in recent years, it is limited in context, with much of the research conducted on policing taking place in the Global North countries (e.g., the United Kingdom and United States). It is also limited in purpose, with much research focused on examining crime reduction as opposed to examining the harms to the public as the result of crimes, violence, and any effects of policing activities.\nAt the request of INL, Policing to Promote the Rule of Law and Protect the Population explores the organizational policies, structures, or practices (e.g., HR and recruiting, legal authorities, reporting lines, etc.) that will enable a police service to promote the rule of law and protect the population. This report presents an overview of the state of research and highlights promising areas to guide policing reform and interventions.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26217/policing-to-promote-the-rule-of-law-and-protect-the-population", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP title = "Climate Change: Evidence and Causes: Update 2020", isbn = "978-0-309-67502-4", abstract = "Climate change is one of the defining issues of our time. It is now more certain than ever, based on many lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth's climate. The Royal Society and the US National Academy of Sciences, with their similar missions to promote the use of science to benefit society and to inform critical policy debates, produced the original Climate Change: Evidence and Causes in 2014. It was written and reviewed by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists. This new edition, prepared by the same author team, has been updated with the most recent climate data and scientific analyses, all of which reinforce our understanding of human-caused climate change.\nScientific information is a vital component for society to make informed decisions about how to reduce the magnitude of climate change and how to adapt to its impacts. This booklet serves as a key reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and others seeking authoritative answers about the current state of climate-change science.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25733/climate-change-evidence-and-causes-update-2020", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Melissa Maitin-Shepard and Marian Flaxman", title = "Use of Meta-Analyses in Nutrition Research and Policy: Interpretation and Application of Meta-Analysis to Evaluate the Totality of Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "The third workshop in the series on the use of meta-analysis in nutrition research and policy, held on October 3, 2023, focused on the process for evaluating the strength of the totality of evidence for diet and health relationships, with consideration of the type of study designs (observational and interventions) and risk of bias. The workshop series concluded with a discussion of the different applications of meta-analysis to inform policy and guidance.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27468/use-of-meta-analyses-in-nutrition-research-and-policy-interpretation", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Erin Balogh and Anne Johnson and Sharyl Nass", title = "Improving the Evidence Base for Treatment Decision Making for Older Adults with Cancer: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted the virtual workshop Improving the Evidence Base for Treatment Decision Making for Older Adults with Cancer on January 22, 25, and 27, 2021. This workshop was convened by three forums of the National Academies: the National Cancer Policy Forum; the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation; and the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence. Workshop speakers examined the persistent underrepresentation of older adults in cancer clinical trials across the drug development continuum and identified potential solutions to strengthen the evidence base to inform treatment decision making for older adults with cancer. This publication summarizes the workshop presentations and discussion.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26157/improving-the-evidence-base-for-treatment-decision-making-for-older-adults-with-cancer", year = 2021, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Framing Opioid Prescribing Guidelines for Acute Pain: Developing the Evidence", isbn = "978-0-309-49687-2", abstract = "The opioid overdose epidemic combined with the need to reduce the burden of acute pain poses a public health challenge. To address how evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for prescribing opioids for acute pain might help meet this challenge, Framing Opioid Prescribing Guidelines for Acute Pain: Developing the Evidence develops a framework to evaluate existing clinical practice guidelines for prescribing opioids for acute pain indications, recommends indications for which new evidence-based guidelines should be developed, and recommends a future research agenda to inform and enable specialty organizations to develop and disseminate evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for prescribing opioids to treat acute pain indications.\nThe recommendations of this study will assist professional societies, health care organizations, and local, state, and national agencies to develop clinical practice guidelines for opioid prescribing for acute pain. Such a framework could inform the development of opioid prescribing guidelines and ensure systematic and standardized methods for evaluating evidence, translating knowledge, and formulating recommendations for practice.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25555/framing-opioid-prescribing-guidelines-for-acute-pain-developing-the-evidence", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Ned Calonge and Lisa Brown and Autumn Downey", title = "Evidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response", isbn = "978-0-309-67038-8", abstract = "When communities face complex public health emergencies, state local, tribal, and territorial public health agencies must make difficult decisions regarding how to effectively respond. The public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) system, with its multifaceted mission to prevent, protect against, quickly respond to, and recover from public health emergencies, is inherently complex and encompasses policies, organizations, and programs. Since the events of September 11, 2001, the United States has invested billions of dollars and immeasurable amounts of human capital to develop and enhance public health emergency preparedness and infrastructure to respond to a wide range of public health threats, including infectious diseases, natural disasters, and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Despite the investments in research and the growing body of empirical literature on a range of preparedness and response capabilities and functions, there has been no national-level, comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those utilized in medicine and other public health fields.\nEvidence-Based Practice for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response reviews the state of the evidence on PHEPR practices and the improvements necessary to move the field forward and to strengthen the PHEPR system. This publication evaluates PHEPR evidence to understand the balance of benefits and harms of PHEPR practices, with a focus on four main areas of PHEPR: engagement with and training of community-based partners to improve the outcomes of at-risk populations after public health emergencies; activation of a public health emergency operations center; communication of public health alerts and guidance to technical audiences during a public health emergency; and implementation of quarantine to reduce the spread of contagious illness.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25650/evidence-based-practice-for-public-health-emergency-preparedness-and-response", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academy of Medicine and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Joe Alper and Emily Packard Dawson and Sheena M. Posey Norris", title = "Harm Reduction Services for People Who Use Drugs: Exploring Data Collection, Evidence Gaps, and Research: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief", abstract = "Given the public health emergency posed by drug overdoses, there have been calls for a comprehensive approach to drug policy that would include focusing on reducing harm for people who use drugs. To explore data collection efforts, evidence gaps, and research needs for harm reduction, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual workshop on January 30-31, 2024, sponsored by the Office of National Drug Control Policy, Executive Office of the President. The workshop focused on harm reduction strategies and services that aim to prevent overdose and infectious disease transmission; enhance the health, safety, and well-being of people who use drugs; and offer low-threshold options for accessing substance use disorder treatment. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27650/harm-reduction-services-for-people-who-use-drugs-exploring-data", year = 2024, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Theresa M. Wizemann", title = "Population Health Science in the United States: Trends, Evidence, and Implications for Policy: Proceedings of a Joint Symposium", isbn = "978-0-309-66965-8", abstract = "On October 3, 2018, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science convened a joint symposium in Washington, DC to consider the current state of population health science in the United States. At the symposium, speakers and participants reviewed the status of population health in the United States, including current trends in health and mortality, and racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities; explored the complexities of policy implementation with attention to evidence generation and to surfacing and mitigating negative unintended consequences of policies for population health; and shared perspectives on finding common ground to move population health forward. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25631/population-health-science-in-the-united-states-trends-evidence-and", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Meghan Harrison", title = "Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief", abstract = "The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine last reviewed the state of the science on nutrition during pregnancy and lactation 30 years ago with the publication of Nutrition During Pregnancy (IOM, 1990) and Nutrition During Lactation (IOM, 1991). In the intervening period, there have been advancements in evidence on nutrients, dietary patterns, nutritional supplements, and other nutrition-based topics relevant to pregnancy and lactation. On January 29-30, 2020, the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to explore where new evidence has emerged. The workshop included, but was not limited to, discussion of the current state of the science on requirements for specific nutrients, relationships between intake during pregnancy and outcomes for the mother and child, alignment of dietary and supplement intake with existing recommendations, factors that affect lactation and human milk composition, and equity in access to nutritional care. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights key points made by participants.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25831/nutrition-during-pregnancy-and-lactation-exploring-new-evidence-proceedings-of", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors: Compilation of Reports", isbn = "978-0-309-69610-4", abstract = "The U.S. Department of State, through its Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), provides foreign assistance and supports capacity building for criminal justice systems and police organizations in approximately 90 countries around the world. It has a mandate to strengthen fragile states, support democratic transitions, and stabilize conflict-affected societies by helping partner countries develop effective and accountable criminal justice sector institutions and systems.\nAt the request of INL, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assembled the Committee on Evidence to Advance Reform in the Global Security and Justice Sectors to review the available research evidence on police and policing practices, with emphasis on how police reform can promote the rule of law and protect the public. The 5 consensus studies that are part of this project provide evidence-driven policy and research recommendations for key stakeholders with the goal of informing capacity-building activities. This report is a compilation of those 5 studies.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26782/evidence-to-advance-reform-in-the-global-security-and-justice-sectors", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Building Confidence in New Evidence Streams for Human Health Risk Assessment: Lessons Learned from Laboratory Mammalian Toxicity Tests", isbn = "978-0-309-70077-1", abstract = "As part of its core mission, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is tasked with assessing the hazards and risks to human health from exposure to pollutants. While some pollutants are well studied, there are little or no data on the potential health effects for many thousands of chemicals that can make their way into the environment, such as PFAS. EPA still relies on laboratory mammalian studies as the foundation of most human health risk assessments, which are limited by high costs, long timelines, and other concerns. New approach methods (NAMs) in toxicology, for example new in vivo and in vitro strategies and computational systems biology, offer opportunities to inform timely decision-making when no data are available from laboratory mammalian toxicity tests or epidemiological studies. NAMs may also help inform efforts to protect susceptible and vulnerable populations by characterizing subtle health perturbations, better encompassing genetic diversity, and accounting for nonchemical stressors.\nWhile the promise and need for NAMs is clear, many barriers to their use remain. This report aims to bridge the gap between the potential of NAMs and their practical application in human health risk assessment. Building Confidence in New Evidence Streams for Human Health Risk Assessment draws lessons learned from laboratory mammalian toxicity tests to help inform approaches for building scientific confidence in NAMs and for incorporating such data into risk assessment and decision-making. Overall, the report recommendations aim to ensure a seamless handoff from the evaluation of NAM-based testing strategies in the laboratory to the incorporation of NAM data into modern, systematic-review-based risk assessments.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26906/building-confidence-in-new-evidence-streams-for-human-health-risk-assessment", year = 2023, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Ronald Daniels and Lida Beninson", title = "The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through", isbn = "978-0-309-47137-4", abstract = "Since the end of the Second World War, the United States has developed the world's preeminent system for biomedical research, one that has given rise to revolutionary medical advances as well as a dynamic and innovative business sector generating high-quality jobs and powering economic output and exports for the U.S. economy. However, there is a growing concern that the biomedical research enterprise is beset by several core challenges that undercut its vitality, promise, and productivity and that could diminish its critical role in the nation's health and innovation in the biomedical industry.\nAmong the most salient of these challenges is the gulf between the burgeoning number of scientists qualified to participate in this system as academic researchers and the elusive opportunities to establish long-term research careers in academia. The patchwork of measures to address the challenges facing young scientists that has emerged over the years has allowed the U.S. biomedical enterprise to continue to make significant scientific and medical advances. These measures, however, have not resolved the structural vulnerabilities in the system, and in some cases come at a great opportunity cost for young scientists. These unresolved issues could diminish the nation's ability to recruit the best minds from all sectors of the U.S. population to careers in biomedical research and raise concerns about a system that may favor increasingly conservative research proposals over high-risk, innovative ideas.\nThe Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through evaluates the factors that influence transitions into independent research careers in the biomedical and behavioral sciences and offers recommendations to improve those transitions. These recommendations chart a path to a biomedical research enterprise that is competitive, rigorous, fair, dynamic, and can attract the best minds from across the country.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25008/the-next-generation-of-biomedical-and-behavioral-sciences-researchers-breaking", year = 2018, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", editor = "Kenneth Prewitt and Thomas A. Schwandt and Miron L. Straf", title = "Using Science as Evidence in Public Policy", isbn = "978-0-309-26161-6", abstract = "Using Science as Evidence in Public Policy encourages scientists to think differently about the use of scientific evidence in policy making. This report investigates why scientific evidence is important to policy making and argues that an extensive body of research on knowledge utilization has not led to any widely accepted explanation of what it means to use science in public policy. Using Science as Evidence in Public Policy identifies the gaps in our understanding and develops a framework for a new field of research to fill those gaps.\n\nFor social scientists in a number of specialized fields, whether established scholars or Ph.D. students, Using Science as Evidence in Public Policy shows how to bring their expertise to bear on the study of using science to inform public policy. More generally, this report will be of special interest to scientists who want to see their research used in policy making, offering guidance on what is required beyond producing quality research, beyond translating results into more understandable terms, and beyond brokering the results through intermediaries, such as think tanks, lobbyists, and advocacy groups. For administrators and faculty in public policy programs and schools, Using Science as Evidence in Public Policy identifies critical elements of instruction that will better equip graduates to promote the use of science in policy making.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13460/using-science-as-evidence-in-public-policy", year = 2012, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", editor = "Kathleen Rasmussen and Ann L. Yaktine and Alice Vorosmarti", title = "Scanning for New Evidence on the Nutrient Content of Human Milk: A Process Model for Determining Age-Specific Nutrient Requirements", isbn = "978-0-309-68344-9", abstract = "Human milk is considered the biologic norm for feeding the human infant during the first 6 months of life, and it is a preferred food from 6 to 12 months. It is a complex food and exerts its biologic effects well beyond its known nutritional value; however, human milk composition and the complexity of its composition is not wholly known or understood. Thus, defining the composition of milk, as well as both the individual and combined effects of milk components and the volume consumed on infant growth and development, is central to optimizing infant health. Furthermore, defining human milk composition, volume, and the myriad factors that influence milk components is needed for developing future Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) standards for nutrient intakes during the first 12 months of life.\nScanning for New Evidence on the Nutrient Content of Human Milk examines the new and emerging evidence describing the nutrient content of human milk as well as the volume of milk consumed, both of which are needed to understand nutrient consumption by healthy breastfed infants. An evidence scan approach was used to summarize the status of the published literature on the nutrient content of human milk and to identify new evidence on nutrients in human milk that could inform the need for a systematic review as a component of the DRI process. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25943/scanning-for-new-evidence-on-the-nutrient-content-of-human-milk", year = 2020, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "Independent Review of the Community Report from the Biosignature Standards of Evidence Workshop: Report Series—Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Sciences", isbn = "978-0-309-69048-5", abstract = "At the request of NASA, the Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences Engineering, and Medicine, in its role as an independent forum, conducted a review of the NASA report \u201cCommunity Report from the Biosignatures Standards of Evidence Workshop\u201d. The review addresses the accuracy, assumptions, and conclusions of the NASA report. This publication details the findings of the committee.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26621/independent-review-of-the-community-report-from-the-biosignature-standards-of-evidence-workshop", year = 2022, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }