%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Oil in the Sea IV: Quick Guide for Practitioners and Researchers %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27155/oil-in-the-sea-iv-quick-guide-for-practitioners-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %P 84 %X This booklet provides key insights from Oil in the Sea IV: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, published in 2022, which benefited from significant advancements in scientific methods to detect the input and fates of oil in the sea, and from lessons learned from the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill in 2010. Going beyond previous reports, Oil in the Sea IV includes analysis of human health impacts of oil in the sea, oil in the Arctic marine environment, and prevention and response efforts that can help to both reduce the amount of oil reaching the sea and minimize its effects. The booklet is meant to serve as a reference guide to all those involved in oil spill research and response. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Toward a New Era of Data Sharing: Summary of the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27520/toward-a-new-era-of-data-sharing-summary-of-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 56 %X Data are at the forefront of efforts to solve many of today's greatest problems, including climate change, misinformation and disinformation, the threat of future global pandemics, and the quest by people everywhere to lead better lives. But if researchers are going to use data to contribute to the solutions of problems, data need to be available for them to use. Over time, data have become increasingly voluminous, complex, and heterogeneous. Massive volumes of data are being generated by new devices and methods, and many of these data are not easy to analyze, interpret, or share. Groups that generate data may be reluctant to share them for a variety of professional, personal, financial, regulatory, and statutory reasons.These issues were addressed during the US-UK Scientific Forum on Researcher Access to Data held in Washington, DC, on September 12–13, 2023. Organized by the National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Society, the forum examined the constellation of issues surrounding researchers' access to data, best practices and lessons learned from exemplary research disciplines, and new ideas and techniques that could drive research forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the forum. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %E Moss, Steven %E Bremer, Andrew %T Successes and Challenges in Biomanufacturing: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26846/successes-and-challenges-in-biomanufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26846/successes-and-challenges-in-biomanufacturing-proceedings-of-a-workshop-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Engineering and Technology %P 12 %X The use of living organisms and biological components in manufacturing processes is increasing across manufacturing sectors. However, biomanufacturing faces several bottlenecks and challenges to continued growth. To share practices and potential solutions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop titled Successes and Challenges in Biomanufacturing on October 24-25, 2022. The workshop brought together biomanufacturing stakeholders across industry, academia, and government with expertise across diverse fields, including U.S.-based and international speakers. Discussions spanned the breadth of biomanufacturing contexts and applications, including bioindustrial and biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the topics addressed at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Graig, Laurene %E Friedman, Kaitlyn %E Alper, Joe %T The Challenges and Opportunities of Advance Care Planning: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-44737-9 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26119/the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-advance-care-planning-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26119/the-challenges-and-opportunities-of-advance-care-planning-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 96 %X Advance Care Planning(ACP)has long been a staple of caring for people with serious illness. Over its history, it has been defined in different ways. Clinicians, researchers, patients, and the public have developed a variety of perspectives about the many aspects of ACP, ranging from the definition to the timing, goals, outcomes, and value of ACP. To better understand the challenges and opportunities for ACP, acknowledge and highlight divergent viewpoints, and examine what is empirically known and not known about ACP and its outcomes, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Quality Care for People with Serious Illness hosted a virtual public workshop, Advance Care Planning: Challenges and Opportunities, on October 26 and November 2, 2020. The workshop explored the paradox of ACP, its evidence base, ways to think differently about ACP, and various approaches to making it more effective.This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions from that workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26922/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-biomedical-research-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26922/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-biomedical-research-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Health and Medicine %K Engineering and Technology %P 13 %X The digital twin (DT) is an emerging technology that builds on the convergence of computer science, mathematics, engineering, and the life sciences. Given the multiscale nature of biological structures and their environment, biomedical DTs can represent molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems, patients, and populations and can include aspects from across the modeling and simulation ecosystem. DTs have the potential advance biomedical research with applications for personalized medicine, pharmaceutical development, and clinical trials. On January 30, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop to discuss the definitions and taxonomy of DTs within the biomedical field, current methods and promising practices for DT development and use as various levels of complexity, key technical challenges and opportunities in the near and long term for DT development and use, and opportunities for translation of promising practices from other field and domains. Workshop panelists highlighted key challenges and opportunities for medical DTs at varying scales, including the varied visions and challenges for DTs, the trade-offs between embracing or simplifying complexity in DTs, the unique spatial and temporal considerations that arise, the diversity of models and data being used in DTs, the challenges with connecting data and models across scales, and implementation issues surrounding data privacy in DTs. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Whitacre, Paula %E Kameyama, Emi %T Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities for Sustainability Science: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26104/progress-challenges-and-opportunities-for-sustainability-science-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26104/progress-challenges-and-opportunities-for-sustainability-science-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 14 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop on November 30-December 2, 2020 to examine scientific progress and gaps in sustainability science around six cross-cutting themes. These themes include the challenges of measuring progress toward sustainability; promoting equity and justice in sustainability efforts; adapting to change; moving beyond incremental change to transformational change; effectively linking knowledge with decision making; and governance of complex nature-society systems. The workshop was designed to explore opportunities for science to contribute to research-based knowledge in sustainability, and to provide scientific input to the National Academy of Sciences Grand Challenges in Science and the Nobel Prize Summit "Our Planet, Our Future," scheduled for April 2021. Invited speakers from academic institutions around the world were selected by the planning committee to discuss opportunities to contribute to research-based knowledge and use that knowledge in decision-making. Workshop participants included approximately 150 invited scholars and nearly 800 registrants from government, the private sector, academia, and non-governmental sector who viewed the virtual workshop. This proceedings in-brief provides a high-level summary of the presentations and discussions that took place. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Callahan, Emily A. %T Challenges and Opportunities for Precision and Personalized Nutrition: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26407/challenges-and-opportunities-for-precision-and-personalized-nutrition-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26407/challenges-and-opportunities-for-precision-and-personalized-nutrition-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Food and Nutrition %P 11 %X The Food Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop exploring potential challenges and opportunities in applying precision and personalized nutrition approaches to optimize dietary guidance and improve nutritional status. The workshop, held on August 10-12, 2021, discussed ways to define both approaches, described current research designs and methodologies in diverse populations, and examined limitations in design and data. The workshop also reviewed innovative methodologies and technologies at the various scales of precision nutrition (including the genetic, physiologic/microbiome, individual, and social-ecologic scales) and discussed challenges and opportunities for implementing these approaches equitably. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the expert perspectives from academia, the federal government, and industry presented in the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Carrero-Martínez, Franklin %E Whitacre, Paula %E Kameyama, Emi %T Challenges and Opportunities Toward a Just Transition and Sustainable Development: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27428/challenges-and-opportunities-toward-a-just-transition-and-sustainable-development %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27428/challenges-and-opportunities-toward-a-just-transition-and-sustainable-development %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 13 %X The concept of a just transition is increasingly recognized as a key element of sustainable development and the transformation of low-carbon economies and societies. Challenges to achieve a just transition include limited data availability and stakeholder engagement, issues of inequality, lack of regulations, and limited financial resources. To explore how to address these challenges, the Roundtable on Science and Technology for Sustainability, the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, and the Board on Science Education at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine jointly convened a public workshop on July 24, 2023. Participants discussed scientific-related priorities to a just transition and ways to translate research from the lab to the field and practice, as well as ways to inform policy making. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Innovations in Catalysis to Address Modern Challenges: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27161/innovations-in-catalysis-to-address-modern-challenges-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27161/innovations-in-catalysis-to-address-modern-challenges-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 11 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Chemical Sciences Roundtable convened a workshop to discuss how the chemistry and chemical engineering communities can contribute practical solutions for improving chemical production through innovations in catalysis. Keynote presentations highlighted the implementation of sustainability in catalysis, including policy considerations and systems-level approaches to catalysis innovations. Throughout three presentation sessions, workshop participants discussed opportunities in various fields of catalysis, such as biocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis, as well as novel approaches to catalyst design and catalytic processes and reactions. The workshop also featured a session titled Vistas in Catalysis, in which 14 participants gave 3-minute presentations on topics ranging from photoelectrochemical water-splitting to machine learning in catalyst development. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Transforming EPA Science to Meet Today's and Tomorrow's Challenges %@ 978-0-309-68976-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26602/transforming-epa-science-to-meet-todays-and-tomorrows-challenges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26602/transforming-epa-science-to-meet-todays-and-tomorrows-challenges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Engineering and Technology %P 162 %X Since its establishment in 1970, the mission of the Environmental Protection Agency is to protect human health and the environment. EPA develops regulations, ensures compliance, and issues policies, in coordination with state, tribal, and local governments. To accomplish its mission, EPA should be equipped to produce and access the highest quality and most advanced science. The Office of Research and Development (ORD) provides the scientific bases for regulatory and public health policies that have broad impacts on the nation’s natural resources and quality of human life, and that yield economic benefits and incur compliance costs for the regulated community. In addition, ORD develops the agency core research capabilities, providing tools and methods for meeting current and anticipating future environmental challenges, such as the risks to health and the environment posed by climate change. Because challenges associated with environmental protection today are complex and affected by many interacting factors, the report points to the need for a substantially broader and better integrated approach to environmental protection. This report calls for EPA ORD to pursue all of its scientific aims in a new framework—to apply systems thinking to a One Environment − One Health approach in all aspects of ORD work. To accomplish this, the report provides actionable recommendations on how ORD might consider incorporating emerging science and systems thinking into the agency research planning, so that ORD can become an increasingly impactful organization. The report identifies a number of high-priority recommendations for ORD to pursue in taking advantage of a broad range of advanced tools, in concert with collaborators in other federal agencies and the broader scientific community. Given the resource constraints, the report recognizes that ORD will have to make decisions about priorities for implementing its recommendations, and that ORD leadership is in the best position to set those priorities as implementation begins. The report concluded by stating that shifting to a systems-thinking approach will require renewed support from science leadership, enhanced strategic planning, investment in new and broader expertise and tools, and a reimagined and inclusive commitment to communication and collaboration. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T The Coast Guard’s Next Decade: An Assessment of Emerging Challenges and Statutory Needs %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27059/the-coast-guards-next-decade-an-assessment-of-emerging-challenges-and-statutory-needs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27059/the-coast-guards-next-decade-an-assessment-of-emerging-challenges-and-statutory-needs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 204 %X In the face of climate change, technological innovation, and global strategic competition, the U.S. Coast Guard will need to respond to many developments in the maritime domain over the next decade. The Coast Guard likely has sufficient statutory authority to respond to most of these developments, but some developments may call for new or clarified statutory authority as well as coordination with international bodies. Current statutory manning requirements, for example, will limit the Coast Guard’s ability to authorize the regulated use of uncrewed vessels with autonomous systems. New authority may also be needed to establish spaceflight-related safety zones applicable to foreign-flagged vessels within 200 nautical miles of the U.S. coastlines.These are among the findings in TRB Special Report 346: The Coast Guard’s Next Decade: An Assessment of Emerging Challenges and Statutory Needs from the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.The report emphasizes that in addition statutory authority, the Coast Guard will need key organizational and operational capabilities, including a well-trained workforce, to respond to future challenges. A short video charts the Coast Guard's next decade. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Daniels, Ronald %E Beninson, Lida %T The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through %@ 978-0-309-47137-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25008/the-next-generation-of-biomedical-and-behavioral-sciences-researchers-breaking %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25008/the-next-generation-of-biomedical-and-behavioral-sciences-researchers-breaking %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 192 %X Since the end of the Second World War, the United States has developed the world's preeminent system for biomedical research, one that has given rise to revolutionary medical advances as well as a dynamic and innovative business sector generating high-quality jobs and powering economic output and exports for the U.S. economy. However, there is a growing concern that the biomedical research enterprise is beset by several core challenges that undercut its vitality, promise, and productivity and that could diminish its critical role in the nation's health and innovation in the biomedical industry. Among the most salient of these challenges is the gulf between the burgeoning number of scientists qualified to participate in this system as academic researchers and the elusive opportunities to establish long-term research careers in academia. The patchwork of measures to address the challenges facing young scientists that has emerged over the years has allowed the U.S. biomedical enterprise to continue to make significant scientific and medical advances. These measures, however, have not resolved the structural vulnerabilities in the system, and in some cases come at a great opportunity cost for young scientists. These unresolved issues could diminish the nation's ability to recruit the best minds from all sectors of the U.S. population to careers in biomedical research and raise concerns about a system that may favor increasingly conservative research proposals over high-risk, innovative ideas. The Next Generation of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences Researchers: Breaking Through evaluates the factors that influence transitions into independent research careers in the biomedical and behavioral sciences and offers recommendations to improve those transitions. These recommendations chart a path to a biomedical research enterprise that is competitive, rigorous, fair, dynamic, and can attract the best minds from across the country. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Energizing Data-Driven Operations at the Tactical Edge: Challenges and Concerns %@ 978-0-309-67023-4 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26183/energizing-data-driven-operations-at-the-tactical-edge-challenges-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26183/energizing-data-driven-operations-at-the-tactical-edge-challenges-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 122 %X Significant efforts are ongoing within the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to improve national security and competitiveness by harnessing the growing power of information technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. Product and process technologies are being researched, experimented with, and integrated into future warfighting concepts and plans. A significant part of this effort is focused on integrating operations, from the strategic to the tactical and across all lines of effort. A question that must be asked in considering these future warfighting concepts is: how will the devices that enable the knowledge-based future be powered? The abundant energy supplies that characterize peacetime operating environments may not be readily available at the far reaches of the force projections - the tactical edge - during conflict. Understanding the energy challenges associated with continued data collection, processing, storage, analysis, and communications at the tactical edge is an important part of developing the plans for meeting the future competition on the battlefield. This report identifies challenges and issues associated with energy needs at the tactical edge as well as any potential for solutions to be considered in the future to help address these challenges. The recommendations of Energizing Data-Driven Operations at the Tactical Edge address understanding these requirement needs and the cascading effects of not meeting those needs, integrating energy needs for data processing into mission and unit readiness assessments, and research into product and process technologies to address energy-efficient computation, resilience, interoperability, and alternative solutions to energy management at the tactical edge. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Balogh, Erin %E Johnson, Anne Frances %E Nass, Sharyl %T Opportunities and Challenges for Using Digital Health Applications in Oncology: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-08922-7 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26286/opportunities-and-challenges-for-using-digital-health-applications-in-oncology %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26286/opportunities-and-challenges-for-using-digital-health-applications-in-oncology %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Computers and Information Technology %P 78 %X Digital health encompasses a broad array of tools and strategies with the goals of advancing research, increasing health care access and quality, and making care more personalized. It encompasses health content, digital health interventions, and digital applications, such as communication tools connecting patients and clinicians (e.g., secure email in the patient portal, text, chat, video visit), remote monitoring tools, clinical decision support tools, and systems for exchanging health information. Patient-facing tools, tools for clinicians, and systems to facilitate research and care improvement are all part of this diverse landscape, and each raises unique opportunities and potential challenges. To examine key policy issues for the effective and safe development, implementation, and use of digital health technologies in oncology research and care, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual workshop in collaboration with the Forum on Cyber Resilience. The workshop, Opportunities and Challenges for Using Digital Health Applications in Oncology, held on July 13-14, 2020, convened a broad group of experts, including clinicians and researchers; patient advocates; and representatives of federal agencies, health professional societies, health care organizations, insurers, and the pharmaceutical and health technology industries. Many workshop speakers found the opportunities presented by digital health tools to be particularly compelling for oncology; however, capitalizing on these opportunities necessitates careful attention to the design, implementation, and use of digital health technologies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Whitacre, Paula %T Addressing Supply Chain and Manufacturing Challenges and Opportunities: Proceedings of a Workshop Series–in Brief %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26593/addressing-supply-chain-and-manufacturing-challenges-and-opportunities-proceedings-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26593/addressing-supply-chain-and-manufacturing-challenges-and-opportunities-proceedings-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %P 12 %X The COVID-19 pandemic escalated supply chain vulnerabilities that affect almost every sector of the economy. Identifying key vulnerabilities and developing responses to them will require the mobilization of diverse actors across the U.S. research enterprise. In October and November 2021, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a number of virtual workshops for its membership and invited guests to discuss opportunities for enhancing U.S. approaches to addressing manufacturing and supply chain resilience, security, and sustainability challenges through partnerships and cross-sector collaboration. In convening experts and leaders from across sectors and disciplines, GUIRR provided a forum for dialogue on policy priorities for consideration by leaders across the research enterprise. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop series. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Addressing COVID-19–Related Challenges Facing Individuals Engaged in Precarious Employment %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26930/addressing-covid-19-related-challenges-facing-individuals-engaged-in-precarious-employment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26930/addressing-covid-19-related-challenges-facing-individuals-engaged-in-precarious-employment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 18 %X The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated challenges facing workers engaged in precarious employment - those in positions commonly characterized by little to no job security, low wages, and few or no benefits. Through the first three years of the pandemic, many of these workers reported increased exposure to COVID-19, limited access to sick leave, job losses, and reduced hours. The latest guidance from the Societal Experts Action Network (SEAN) identifies strategies that state and local decision makers can use to mitigate COVID-19-related challenges facing individuals engaged in precarious employment, with particular attention to strategies that can remedy existing inequalities. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pool, Robert %T Key Challenges for Effective Testing and Evaluation Across Department of Defense Ranges: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26150/key-challenges-for-effective-testing-and-evaluation-across-department-of-defense-ranges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26150/key-challenges-for-effective-testing-and-evaluation-across-department-of-defense-ranges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 11 %X To protect itself from attacks by foreign forces, the United States relies upon its armed services, which in turn rely upon weapons and other systems to provide them with the tools they need to successfully neutralize adversaries' combat capabilities. Maintaining the armed services' warfighting advantage requires a steady stream of new and improved weapons and technologies. A crucial step for acquiring and using these assets is testing their effectiveness and suitability on Department of Defense (DoD) ranges. The DoD has testing ranges that span the globe, where new military technologies are tested based on real threats, tasks, and environments to ensure their combat readiness. These ranges are a vital aspect of the nation's defense, but will they be able to adequately test the increasingly complex military technologies of the future? Against this backdrop, the DoD's Office of the Director, Operational Test and Evaluation, requested that the Board on Army Research and Development of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assess the physical and technical suitability of DoD test and evaluation (T&E) ranges and infrastructure. As part of that task, the study committee convened a 2-day workshop on January 28-29, 2021, to gather information on the challenges facing the nation's military ranges. The workshop brought together experts from the military, industry, and government, who discussed the current status of T&E on military ranges and what will be required to ensure their effectiveness in coming decades. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Wullert, Katie %E Whitacre, Paula %T Barriers, Challenges, and Supports for Family Caregivers in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Proceedings of Two Symposia %@ 978-0-309-70747-3 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27181/barriers-challenges-and-supports-for-family-caregivers-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27181/barriers-challenges-and-supports-for-family-caregivers-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 110 %X Before the COVID-19 pandemic, research demonstrated a significant impact of family caregiving responsibilities on the careers of professionals who work in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) - especially women. The COVID-19 pandemic increased public recognition of the challenges experienced by caregivers in STEMM fields and created a sense of urgency among many stakeholders. As part of the information-gathering stage of a forthcoming consensus study to address the barriers faced by caregivers, of all genders, in STEMM fields, the Committee on Policies and Practices for Supporting Family Caregivers Working in Science, Engineering, and Medicine organized two national symposia on February 27 and March 27, 2023. Scholars and leaders from a range of sectors convened to identify evidence-based interventions that can support the recruitment, retention, and advancement of caregivers in science, engineering, and medical fields. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the symposia. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Atmospheric and Climate Sciences: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26921/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-atmospheric-and-climate-sciences %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26921/opportunities-and-challenges-for-digital-twins-in-atmospheric-and-climate-sciences %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Engineering and Technology %P 13 %X The digital twin is an emerging technology that builds on the convergence of computer science, mathematics, engineering, and the life sciences. Digital twins have the potential to revolutionize atmospheric and climate sciences in particular, as they could be used, for example, to create global-scale interactive models of Earth to predict future weather and climate conditions over longer timescales. On February 1-2, 2023, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public, virtual workshop to discuss characterizations of digital twins within the context of atmospheric, climate, and sustainability sciences and to identify methods for their development and use. Workshop panelists presented varied definitions and taxonomies of digital twins and highlighted key challenges as well as opportunities to translate promising practices to other fields. The second in a three-part series, this evidence-gathering workshop will inform a National Academies consensus study on research gaps and future directions to advance the mathematical, statistical, and computational foundations of digital twins in applications across science, medicine, engineering, and society. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Institute, Nick Wood, Jordan McGee, Tina Geiselbrecht, Chris Simek, Texas A&M Transportation %T Emerging Challenges to Priced Managed Lanes %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25924/emerging-challenges-to-priced-managed-lanes %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25924/emerging-challenges-to-priced-managed-lanes %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 96 %X There is a wide disparity between the goals that state departments of transportation (DOTs) have for priced managed lanes and the public assumption for those goals. The public tends to be highly skeptical of priced managed lanes because the concept is difficult to explain to a nontechnical audience.The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Synthesis 559: Emerging Challenges to Priced Managed Lanes provides an overview of the state of the practice of how state DOTs address challenges to implementing tolling, or pricing, on their managed lane systems.The synthesis entailed an extensive literature review of 60 publications and over 700 online media articles, a survey distributed to all 50 state DOTs, and a sampling of six case examples that explained specific examples of how agencies addressed challenges.