TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Panel Reports—New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics SN - DO - 10.17226/12982 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12982/panel-reports-new-worlds-new-horizons-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - Every 10 years the National Research Council releases a survey of astronomy and astrophysics outlining priorities for the coming decade. The most recent survey, titled New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics, provides overall priorities and recommendations for the field as a whole based on a broad and comprehensive examination of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context. Panel Reports—New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics is a collection of reports, each of which addresses a key sub-area of the field, prepared by specialists in that subarea, and each of which played an important role in setting overall priorities for the field. The collection, published in a single volume, includes the reports of the following panels: Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Galaxies Across Cosmic Time The Galactic Neighborhood Stars and Stellar Evolution Planetary Systems and Star Formation Electromagnetic Observations from Space Optical and Infrared Astronomy from the Ground Particle Astrophysics and Gravitation Radio, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Astronomy from the Ground The Committee for a Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics synthesized these reports in the preparation of its prioritized recommendations for the field as a whole. These reports provide additional depth and detail in each of their respective areas. Taken together, they form an essential companion volume to New Worlds, New Horizons: A Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics. The book of panel reports will be useful to managers of programs of research in the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over the agencies supporting this research, the scientific community, and the public. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - The Sun to the Earth – and Beyond: Panel Reports SN - DO - 10.17226/10860 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10860/the-sun-to-the-earth-and-beyond-panel-reports PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - This volume, The Sun to the Earth-and Beyond: Panel Reports, is a compilation of the reports from five National Research Council (NRC) panels convened as part of a survey in solar and space physics for the period 2003-2013. The NRC's Space Studies Board and its Committee on Solar and Space Physics organized the study. Overall direction for the survey was provided by the Solar and Space Physics Survey Committee, whose report, The Sun to the Earth-and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, was delivered to the study sponsors in prepublication format in August 2002. The final version of that report was published in June 2003. The panel reports provide both a detailed rationale for the survey committee's recommendations and an expansive view of the numerous opportunities that exist for a robust program of exploration in solar and space physics. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Report of the Panel on Implementing Recommendations from the New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey DO - 10.17226/13045 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13045/report-of-the-panel-on-implementing-recommendations-from-the-new-worlds-new-horizons-decadal-survey PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - The 2010 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey report, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (NWNH), outlines a scientifically exciting and programmatically integrated plan for both ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics in the 2012-2021 decade. However, late in the survey process, the budgetary outlook shifted downward considerably from the guidance that NASA had provided to the decadal survey. And since August 2010—when NWNH was released—the projections of funds available for new NASA Astrophysics initiatives has decreased even further because of the recently reported delay in the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to no earlier than the fourth quarter of 2015 and the associated additional costs of at least $1.4 billion. These developments jeopardize the implementation of the carefully designed program of activities proposed in NWNH. In response to these circumstances, NASA has proposed that the United States consider a commitment to the European Space Agency (ESA) Euclid mission at a level of approximately 20 percent. This participation would be undertaken in addition to initiating the planning for the survey's highest-ranked, space-based, large-scale mission, the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) requested that the National Research Council (NRC) convene a panel to consider whether NASA's Euclid proposal is consistent with achieving the priorities, goals, and recommendations, and with pursuing the science strategy, articulated in NWNH. The panel also investigated what impact such participation might have on the prospects for the timely realization of the WFIRST mission and other activities recommended by NWNH in view of the projected budgetary situation. The panel convened a workshop on November 7, 2010. The workshop presentations identified several tradeoffs among options: funding goals less likely versus more likely to be achieved in a time of restricted budgets; narrower versus broader scientific goals; and U.S.-only versus U.S.-ESA collaboration. The panel captured these tradeoffs in considering four primary options: Option A: Launch of WFIRST in the Decade 2012-2021; Option B: A Joint WFIRST/Euclid Mission; Option C: Commitment by NASA of 20 percent Investment in Euclid prior to the M-class decision; or Option D: No U.S. Financing of an Infrared Survey Mission This Decade. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium: Panel Reports SN - DO - 10.17226/9840 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9840/astronomy-and-astrophysics-in-the-new-millennium-panel-reports PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - In preparing the report, Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millenium , the AASC made use of a series of panel reports that address various aspects of ground- and space-based astronomy and astrophysics. These reports provide in-depth technical detail. Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millenium: An Overview summarizes the science goals and recommended initiatives in a short, richly illustrated, non-technical booklet. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - 2010 Census Panel Letter Report DO - 10.17226/10070 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10070/2010-census-panel-letter-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Letter Report from the Panel to Review the 2000 Census DO - 10.17226/10234 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10234/letter-report-from-the-panel-to-review-the-2000-census PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - Letter Report from the Panel for the Review of Proposals for NASA's Intelligent Propulsion Systems Foundation Technology (PSFT) Program DO - 10.17226/11132 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11132/letter-report-from-the-panel-for-the-review-of-proposals-for-nasas-intelligent-propulsion-systems-foundation-technology-psft-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Vehicle Systems Panel Report on the Status of NASA's Vehicles Systems Program: Letter Report DO - 10.17226/10904 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10904/vehicle-systems-panel-report-on-the-status-of-nasas-vehicles-systems-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - In November 2003, ASEB released a report, An Assessment of NASA’s Aeronautics Technology Programs. After the release, NASA requested the NRC to reconvene the Panel on Vehicle Systems Program, which had been established as part of the study infrastructure for the report. Specifically, NASA wanted an evaluation of the progress made by the Program in formulating and directing its activities over the past nine months (since March 2003). This letter report presents the findings of that review. In almost all cases, the recommendations contained in this letter report, amplify and reinforce those contained in the full report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Letter Report from the Panel to Review the USDA Methodology for Estimating Eligibility and Participation for the WIC Program DO - 10.17226/10396 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10396/letter-report-from-the-panel-to-review-the-usda-methodology-for-estimating-eligibility-and-participation-for-the-wic-program PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in U.S. High Schools: Report of the Content Panel for Physics DO - 10.17226/10361 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10361/learning-and-understanding-improving-advanced-study-of-mathematics-and-science-in-us-high-schools PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK TI - Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in U.S. High Schools: Report of the Content Panel for Chemistry DO - 10.17226/10364 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10364/learning-and-understanding-improving-advanced-study-of-mathematics-and-science-in-us-high-schools PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK TI - Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in U.S. High Schools: Report of the Content Panel for Mathematics DO - 10.17226/10380 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10380/learning-and-understanding-improving-advanced-study-of-mathematics-and-science-in-us-high-schools PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK TI - Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in U.S. High Schools: Report of the Content Panel for Biology DO - 10.17226/10365 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10365/learning-and-understanding-improving-advanced-study-of-mathematics-and-science-in-us-high-schools PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s SN - DO - 10.17226/26141 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26141/pathways-to-discovery-in-astronomy-and-astrophysics-for-the-2020s PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics AB - We live in a time of extraordinary discovery and progress in astronomy and astrophysics. The next decade will transform our understanding of the universe and humanity's place in it. Every decade the U.S. agencies that provide primary federal funding for astronomy and astrophysics request a survey to assess the status of, and opportunities for the Nation's efforts to forward our understanding of the cosmos. Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s identifies the most compelling science goals and presents an ambitious program of ground- and space-based activities for future investment in the next decade and beyond. The decadal survey identifies three important science themes for the next decade aimed at investigating Earth-like extrasolar planets, the most energetic processes in the universe, and the evolution of galaxies. The Astro2020 report also recommends critical near-term actions to support the foundations of the profession as well as the technologies and tools needed to carry out the science. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Teresa A. Sullivan A2 - Daniel L. Cork TI - Understanding the Quality of the 2020 Census: Interim Report SN - DO - 10.17226/26529 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26529/understanding-the-quality-of-the-2020-census-interim-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The decennial census is foundational to the functioning of American democracy, and maintaining the public's trust in the census and its resulting data is a correspondingly high-stakes affair. The 2020 Census was implemented in light of severe and unprecedented operational challenges, adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters, and other disruptions. This interim report from a panel of the Committee on National Statistics discusses concepts of error and quality in the decennial census as prelude to the panel’s forthcoming fuller assessment of 2020 Census data, process measures, and quality metrics. The panel will release a final report that will include conclusions about the quality of the 2020 Census and make recommendations for further research by the U.S. Census Bureau to plan the 2030 Census. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jerome P. Reiter A2 - Jennifer Park TI - Toward a 21st Century National Data Infrastructure: Managing Privacy and Confidentiality Risks with Blended Data SN - DO - 10.17226/27335 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27335/toward-a-21st-century-national-data-infrastructure-managing-privacy-and-confidentiality-risks-with-blended-data PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Protecting privacy and ensuring confidentiality in data is a critical component of modernizing our national data infrastructure. The use of blended data - combining previously collected data sources - presents new considerations for responsible data stewardship. Toward a 21st Century National Data Infrastructure: Managing Privacy and Confidentiality Risks with Blended Data provides a framework for managing disclosure risks that accounts for the unique attributes of blended data and poses a series of questions to guide considered decision-making. Technical approaches to manage disclosure risk have advanced. Recent federal legislation, regulation and guidance has described broadly the roles and responsibilities for stewardship of blended data. The report, drawing from the panel review of both technical and policy approaches, addresses these emerging opportunities and the new challenges and responsibilities they present. The report underscores that trade-offs in disclosure risks, disclosure harms, and data usefulness are unavoidable and are central considerations when planning data-release strategies, particularly for blended data. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Jerry P. Gollub A2 - Meryl W. Bertenthal A2 - Jay B. Labov A2 - Philip C. Curtis TI - Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in U.S. High Schools SN - DO - 10.17226/10129 PY - 2002 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10129/learning-and-understanding-improving-advanced-study-of-mathematics-and-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - This book takes a fresh look at programs for advanced studies for high school students in the United States, with a particular focus on the Advanced Placement and the International Baccalaureate programs, and asks how advanced studies can be significantly improved in general. It also examines two of the core issues surrounding these programs: they can have a profound impact on other components of the education system and participation in the programs has become key to admission at selective institutions of higher education. By looking at what could enhance the quality of high school advanced study programs as well as what precedes and comes after these programs, this report provides teachers, parents, curriculum developers, administrators, college science and mathematics faculty, and the educational research community with a detailed assessment that can be used to guide change within advanced study programs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - The Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance SN - DO - 10.17226/10805 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10805/the-impact-of-academic-research-on-industrial-performance PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - Drawing on the findings of sector-specific workshops, e-mail surveys, research literature, expert testimony, and committee and panel members’ expertise, this National Academy of Engineering study assesses the qualitative impact of academic research on five industries—network systems and communications; medical devices and equipment; aerospace; transportation, distribution, and logistics services; and financial services. The book documents the range and significance of academic research contributions to the five industries—comparing the importance of different types of contributions, the multi- and interdisciplinary nature of these contributions, and the multiple vectors by which academic research is linked to each industry. The book calls for action to address six cross-cutting challenges to university-industry interactions: the growing disciplinary and time-horizon-related imbalances in federal R&D funding, barriers to university-industry interaction in service industries, the critical role of academic research in the advancement of information technology, the role of academic research in the regulation of industry, the impact of technology transfer activities on core university research and education missions, and the search for new pathways and mechanisms to enhance the contributions of academic research to industry. The book also includes findings and recommendations specific to each industry. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society SN - DO - 10.17226/13060 PY - 2013 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13060/solar-and-space-physics-a-science-for-a-technological-society PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - From the interior of the Sun, to the upper atmosphere and near-space environment of Earth, and outward to a region far beyond Pluto where the Sun's influence wanes, advances during the past decade in space physics and solar physics—the disciplines NASA refers to as heliophysics—have yielded spectacular insights into the phenomena that affect our home in space. Solar and Space Physics, from the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee for a Decadal Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, is the second NRC decadal survey in heliophysics. Building on the research accomplishments realized during the past decade, the report presents a program of basic and applied research for the period 2013-2022 that will improve scientific understanding of the mechanisms that drive the Sun's activity and the fundamental physical processes underlying near-Earth plasma dynamics, determine the physical interactions of Earth's atmospheric layers in the context of the connected Sun-Earth system, and enhance greatly the capability to provide realistic and specific forecasts of Earth's space environment that will better serve the needs of society. Although the recommended program is directed primarily at NASA and the National Science Foundation for action, the report also recommends actions by other federal agencies, especially the parts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration charged with the day-to-day (operational) forecast of space weather. In addition to the recommendations included in this summary, related recommendations are presented in this report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - A. Catharine Ross A2 - Christine L. Taylor A2 - Ann L. Yaktine A2 - Heather B. Del Valle TI - Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D SN - DO - 10.17226/13050 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13050/dietary-reference-intakes-for-calcium-and-vitamin-d PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition KW - Health and Medicine AB - Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for the human body. Establishing the levels of these nutrients that are needed by the North American population is based on the understanding of the health outcomes that calcium and vitamin D affect. It is also important to establish how much of each nutrient may be "too much." Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D provides reference intake values for these two nutrients. The report updates the DRI values defined in Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride, the 1997 study from the Institute of Medicine. This 2011 book provides background information on the biological functions of each nutrient, reviews health outcomes that are associated with the intake of calcium and vitamin D, and specifies Estimated Average Requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for both. It also identifies Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, which are levels above wish the risk for harm may increase. The book includes an overview of current dietary intake in the U.S. and Canada, and discusses implications of the study. A final chapter provides research recommendations. The DRIs established in this book incorporate current scientific evidence about the roles of vitamin D and calcium in human health and will serve as a valuable guide for a range of stakeholders including dietitians and other health professionals, those who set national nutrition policy, researchers, the food industry, and private and public health organizations and partnerships. ER -