TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Resources for Teaching Middle School Science SN - DO - 10.17226/5774 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5774/resources-for-teaching-middle-school-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - With age-appropriate, inquiry-centered curriculum materials and sound teaching practices, middle school science can capture the interest and energy of adolescent students and expand their understanding of the world around them. Resources for Teaching Middle School Science, developed by the National Science Resources Center (NSRC), is a valuable tool for identifying and selecting effective science curriculum materials that will engage students in grades 6 through 8. The volume describes more than 400 curriculum titles that are aligned with the National Science Education Standards. This completely new guide follows on the success of Resources for Teaching Elementary School Science, the first in the NSRC series of annotated guides to hands-on, inquiry-centered curriculum materials and other resources for science teachers. The curriculum materials in the new guide are grouped in five chapters by scientific area—Physical Science, Life Science, Environmental Science, Earth and Space Science, and Multidisciplinary and Applied Science. They are also grouped by type—core materials, supplementary units, and science activity books. Each annotation of curriculum material includes a recommended grade level, a description of the activities involved and of what students can be expected to learn, a list of accompanying materials, a reading level, and ordering information. The curriculum materials included in this book were selected by panels of teachers and scientists using evaluation criteria developed for the guide. The criteria reflect and incorporate goals and principles of the National Science Education Standards. The annotations designate the specific content standards on which these curriculum pieces focus. In addition to the curriculum chapters, the guide contains six chapters of diverse resources that are directly relevant to middle school science. Among these is a chapter on educational software and multimedia programs, chapters on books about science and teaching, directories and guides to science trade books, and periodicals for teachers and students. Another section features institutional resources. One chapter lists about 600 science centers, museums, and zoos where teachers can take middle school students for interactive science experiences. Another chapter describes nearly 140 professional associations and U.S. government agencies that offer resources and assistance. Authoritative, extensive, and thoroughly indexed—and the only guide of its kind—Resources for Teaching Middle School Science will be the most used book on the shelf for science teachers, school administrators, teacher trainers, science curriculum specialists, advocates of hands-on science teaching, and concerned parents. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Toward Excellence in K-8 Mathematics DO - 10.17226/10054 PY - 1997 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10054/toward-excellence-in-k-8-mathematics PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education ER - TY - BOOK TI - Resources for Teaching Elementary School Science SN - DO - 10.17226/4966 PY - 1996 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/4966/resources-for-teaching-elementary-school-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - What activities might a teacher use to help children explore the life cycle of butterflies? What does a science teacher need to conduct a "leaf safari" for students? Where can children safely enjoy hands-on experience with life in an estuary? Selecting resources to teach elementary school science can be confusing and difficult, but few decisions have greater impact on the effectiveness of science teaching. Educators will find a wealth of information and expert guidance to meet this need in Resources for Teaching Elementary School Science. A completely revised edition of the best-selling resource guide Science for Children: Resources for Teachers, this new book is an annotated guide to hands-on, inquiry-centered curriculum materials and sources of help in teaching science from kindergarten through sixth grade. (Companion volumes for middle and high school are planned.) The guide annotates about 350 curriculum packages, describing the activities involved and what students learn. Each annotation lists recommended grade levels, accompanying materials and kits or suggested equipment, and ordering information. These 400 entries were reviewed by both educators and scientists to ensure that they are accurate and current and offer students the opportunity to: Ask questions and find their own answers. Experiment productively. Develop patience, persistence, and confidence in their own ability to solve real problems. The entries in the curriculum section are grouped by scientific area—Life Science, Earth Science, Physical Science, and Multidisciplinary and Applied Science—and by type—core materials, supplementary materials, and science activity books. Additionally, a section of references for teachers provides annotated listings of books about science and teaching, directories and guides to science trade books, and magazines that will help teachers enhance their students' science education. Resources for Teaching Elementary School Science also lists by region and state about 600 science centers, museums, and zoos where teachers can take students for interactive science experiences. Annotations highlight almost 300 facilities that make significant efforts to help teachers. Another section describes more than 100 organizations from which teachers can obtain more resources. And a section on publishers and suppliers give names and addresses of sources for materials. The guide will be invaluable to teachers, principals, administrators, teacher trainers, science curriculum specialists, and advocates of hands-on science teaching, and it will be of interest to parent-teacher organizations and parents. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm-Mix Asphalt: A Supplement to NCHRP Report 673: A Manual for Design of Hot-Mix Asphalt with Commentary DO - 10.17226/14615 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14615/special-mixture-design-considerations-and-methods-for-warm-mix-asphalt-a-supplement-to-nchrp-report-673-a-manual-for-design-of-hot-mix-asphalt-with-commentary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 714: Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm-Mix Asphalt: A Supplement to NCHRP Report 673: A Manual for Design of Hot-Mix Asphalt with Commentary presents special mixture design considerations and methods used with warm-mix asphalt.NCHRP Report 714 is a supplement to NCHRP Report 673: A Manual for Design of Hot-Mix Asphalt. All references to chapters in NCHRP Report 714 refer to the corresponding chapters in NCHRP Report 673. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Maxine Singer A2 - Jan Tuomi TI - Selecting Instructional Materials: A Guide for K-12 Science SN - DO - 10.17226/9607 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9607/selecting-instructional-materials-a-guide-for-k-12-science PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The National Science Education Standards set broad content goals for teaching grades K-12. For science teaching programs to achieve these goals—indeed, for science teaching to be most effective—teachers and students need textbooks, lab kits, videos, and other materials that are clear, accurate, and help students achieve the goals set by the standards. Selecting Instructional Materials provides a rigorously field-tested procedure to help education decisionmakers evaluate and choose materials for the science classroom. The recommended procedure is unique, adaptable to local needs, and realistic given the time and money limitations typical to school districts. This volume includes a guide outlining the entire process for school district facilitators, and provides review instruments for each step. It critically reviews the current selection process for science teaching materials—in the 20 states where the state board of education sets forth a recommended list and in the 30 states where materials are selected entirely by local decisionmakers. Selecting Instructional Materials explores how purchasing decisions are influenced by parent attitudes, political considerations, and the marketing skills of those who produce and sell science teaching materials. It will be indispensable to state and local education decisionmakers, science program administrators and teachers, and science education advocates. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Improved Surface Drainage of Pavements: Final Report DO - 10.17226/6357 PY - 1998 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6357/improved-surface-drainage-of-pavements-final-report PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kay Fitzpatrick A2 - Jeffery Warner A2 - Marcus A. Brewer A2 - Billie Louise Bentzen A2 - Janet M. Barlow A2 - Benjamin Sperry TI - Guidebook on Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services DO - 10.17226/22183 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22183/guidebook-on-pedestrian-crossings-of-public-transit-rail-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 175: Guidebook on Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services presents a wide array of engineering treatments designed to help improve pedestrian safety for three types of public transit rail services: light rail, commuter rail, and streetcar.The Guidebook addresses key pedestrian safety issues associated with public transit rail services; presents pedestrian crossing issues associated with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and the Americans with Disabilities Act; summarizes readily available decision flowcharts used to make decisions regarding pedestrian treatments at rail crossings; presents information for 34 pedestrian treatments used at rail crossings, grouped into eight appropriate categories; and includes four case studies that examine specific decisions with respect to pedestrian rail crossings.The Guidebook is supplemented by a final research report, TCRP Web-Only Document 63: Treatments Used at Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - AASHTO T 209: Effect of Agitation Equipment Type on Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity Values DO - 10.17226/14640 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14640/aashto-t-209-effect-of-agitation-equipment-type-on-theoretical-maximum-specific-gravity-values PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 369: AASHTO T 209: Effect of Agitation Equipment Type on Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity Values evaluates the effect of using various devices and methods on measured values of theoretical maximum specific gravity (Gmm) used to determine the air void content and the in-place density of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) as described by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) T 209, Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures.According to the report, AASHTO T 209 describes a test method for determination of the theoretical maximum specific gravity (Gmm) and density of uncompacted HMA. The Gmm and the density of HMA are fundamental properties whose values are influenced by the composition of the HMA mixtures in terms of types and amounts of aggregates and asphalt materials.Gmm is used to calculate percent air voids in compacted HMA and to provide target values for the compaction of HMA. Gmm also is essential when calculating the amount of asphalt binder absorbed by the internal porosity of the individual aggregate particles in HMA. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Douglas W. Harwood A2 - Jessica M. Hutton A2 - Chris Fees A2 - Karin M. Bauer A2 - Alan Glen A2 - Heidi Ouren A2 - Quincy Engineering A2 - Inc. HQE TI - Evaluation of the 13 Controlling Criteria for Geometric Design DO - 10.17226/22291 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22291/evaluation-of-the-13-controlling-criteria-for-geometric-design PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 783: Evaluation of the 13 Controlling Criteria for Geometric Design describes the impact of the controlling roadway design criteria on safety and operations for urban and rural roads. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Guidelines for Integrating Alternative Jet Fuel into the Airport Setting DO - 10.17226/14634 PY - 2012 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14634/guidelines-for-integrating-alternative-jet-fuel-into-the-airport-setting PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 60: Guidelines for Integrating Alternative Jet Fuel into the Airport Setting identifies the types and characteristics of alternative jet fuels; summarizes potential benefits; addresses legal, financial, environmental, and logistical considerations and opportunities; and aids in evaluating the feasibility of alternative jet fuel production facilities.The report also summarizes issues and opportunities associated with locating on- or off-airport alternative jet fuel production facilities and their fuel storage and distribution requirements. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kay Fitzpatrick A2 - Jeffery Warner A2 - Marcus A. Brewer A2 - Billie Louise Bentzen A2 - Janet M. Barlow A2 - Benjamin Sperry TI - Treatments Used at Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services DO - 10.17226/22181 PY - 2015 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22181/treatments-used-at-pedestrian-crossings-of-public-transit-rail-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 63: Treatments Used at Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services presents methods and research activities that informed the development of TCRP Report 175: Guidebook on Pedestrian Crossings of Public Transit Rail Services.The research activities conducted to develop the Guidebook include conducting a literature review, investigating online transit crash databases, performing an online survey of practitioners, and conducting telephone interviews. The key research activity was visiting several public transit rail services crossings within select regions. These visits provided the opportunity to observe the challenges faced by pedestrians at public transit rail services crossings and included observations made during three site visits to Boston, Portland, and Los Angeles. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Manual for Design of Hot-Mix Asphalt with Commentary DO - 10.17226/14524 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14524/a-manual-for-design-of-hot-mix-asphalt-with-commentary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 673: A Manual for Design of Hot-Mix Asphalt with Commentary incorporates the many advances in materials characterization and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mix design technology developed since the conclusion of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP).The final report on the project that developed NCHRP Report 673 and Appendixes C through F to NCHRP Report 673 were published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 159. The titles of the appendixes are as follows:• Appendix C: Course Manual• Appendix D: Draft Specification for Volumetric Mix Design of Dense-Graded HMA• Appendix E: Draft Practice for Volumetric Mix Design of Dense-Graded HMA• Appendix F: TutorialThe companion Excel spreadsheet HMA tool and the training course materials described in NCHRP Report 673 are available for download from the Internet.In January 2012, TRB released NCHRP Report 714: Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm Mix Asphalt: A Supplement to NCHRP Report 673: A Manual for Design of Hot Mix Asphalt with Commentary. The report presents special mixture design considerations and methods used with warm mix asphalt.In January 2012, TRB released an errata to NCHRP Report 673: Page 41, Table 4-7, and page 123, Table 8-10, respectively, should be replaced with a new table. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Geometric Design of Driveways DO - 10.17226/17637 PY - 2010 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/17637/geometric-design-of-driveways PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 151: Geometric Design of Driveways includes material related to and supporting contents of NCHRP Report 659: Guide for the Geometric Design of Driveways. NCHRP Report 659 explores guidelines related to the geometric design of driveways. The report includes driveway-related terms and definitions, an examination of basic geometric controls, a summary of access spacing principles, and detailed discussions of various geometric design elements. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Steve Leinwand A2 - Gail Burrill TI - Improving Mathematics Education: Resources for Decision Making SN - DO - 10.17226/10268 PY - 2001 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10268/improving-mathematics-education-resources-for-decision-making PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Improving Mathematics Education has been designed to help inform stakeholders about the decisions they face, to point to recent research findings, and to provide access to the most recent thinking of experts on issues of national concern in mathematics education. The essence of the report is that information is available to help those charged with improving student achievement in mathematics. The documents cited above can guide those who make decisions about content, learning, teaching, and assessment. The report is organized around five key questions: What should we teach, given what we know and value about mathematics and its roles? How should we teach so children learn, given what we know about students, mathematics, and how people learn mathematics? What preparation and support do teachers need? How do we know whether what we are doing is working? What must change? Each of the five main chapters in this report considers a key area of mathematics education and describes the core messages of current publication(s) in that area. To maintain the integrity of each report's recommendations, we used direct quotes and the terminology defined and used in that report. If the wording or terminology seems to need clarification, the committee refers the reader directly to the original document. Because these areas are interdependent, the documents often offer recommendations related to several different areas. While the individual documents are discussed under only one of the components in Improving Mathematics Education, the reader should recognize that each document may have a broader scope. In general, the references in this report should serve as a starting point for the interested reader, who can refer to the original documents for fuller discussions of the recommendations and, in some cases, suggestions for implementation. Improving Mathematics Education is designed to help educators build a critical knowledge base about mathematics education, recognizing that the future of the nation's students is integrally intertwined with the decisions we make (or fail to make) about the mathematics education they receive. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Mix Design Practices for Warm-Mix Asphalt DO - 10.17226/14488 PY - 2011 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14488/mix-design-practices-for-warm-mix-asphalt PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 691: Mix Design Practices for Warm-Mix Asphalt explores a mix design method tailored to the unique material properties of warm mix asphalt technologies.Warm mix asphalt (WMA) refers to asphalt concrete mixtures that are produced at temperatures approximately 50°F (28°C) or more cooler than typically used in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). The goal of WMA is to produce mixtures with similar strength, durability, and performance characteristics as HMA using substantially reduced production temperatures.There are important environmental and health benefits associated with reduced production temperatures including lower greenhouse gas emissions, lower fuel consumption, and reduced exposure of workers to asphalt fumes.Lower production temperatures can also potentially improve pavement performance by reducing binder aging, providing added time for mixture compaction, and allowing improved compaction during cold weather paving.Appendices to NCHRP Report 691 include the following. Appendices A, B, and D are included in the printed and PDF version of the report. Appendices C and E are available only online.• Appendix A: Draft Appendix to AASHTO R 35: Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA)• Appendix B: Commentary to the Draft Appendix to AASHTO R 35• Appendix C: Training Materials for the Draft Appendix to AASHTO R 35• Appendix D: Proposed Standard Practice for Measuring Properties of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) for Performance Analysis Using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide Software• Appendix E: NCHRP Project 09-43 Experimental Plans, Results, and Analyses ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Fujie Zhou A2 - David Newcomb A2 - Charles Gurganus A2 - Seyedamin Banihashemrad A2 - Maryam Sakhaeifar A2 - Eun Sug Park A2 - Robert L. Lytton TI - Field Validation of Laboratory Tests to Assess Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures: An Experimental Design DO - 10.17226/23608 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23608/field-validation-of-laboratory-tests-to-assess-cracking-resistance-of-asphalt-mixtures-an-experimental-design PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 399: Field Validation of Laboratory Tests to Assess Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures: An Experimental Design develops an experimental design, including a proposed schedule and budget, for the field validation of laboratory tests selected under this study to assess the potential for the four types of cracking of asphalt mixtures—thermal, reflection, bottom-up fatigue, and top-down.In the past, volumetric mixture design gave a reasonable level of comfort for potential performance since materials were relatively consistent within a given jurisdiction. However, asphalt mix designs are becoming more and more complex with the increasing use of recycled materials, recycling agents, binder additives and modifiers, and warm-mix asphalt (WMA) technologies. This digest briefly describes the selected cracking tests, proposed refinements, the field validation plan for the selected tests, and associated time and cost estimates. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - United States-Canadian Tables of Feed Composition: Nutritional Data for United States and Canadian Feeds, Third Revision SN - DO - 10.17226/1713 PY - 1982 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1713/united-states-canadian-tables-of-feed-composition-nutritional-data-for PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Kellogg TI - Back in School: Addressing the Well-Being of Students in the Wake of COVID-19: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/26296 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26296/back-in-school-addressing-the-well-being-of-students-in-the-wake-of-covid-19 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Back in School: Addressing the Well-Being of Students in the Wake of COVID-19, a virtual workshop hosted by the National Academy of Sciences' Forum for Children's Well-Being on May 20, 25, and 27, 2021, focused on the effects of COVID-19 on the intersection of students' learning and mental health. The workshop featured lived experience perspectives and expert presentations. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief provides a high-level summary of the topics addressed in the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Joe Alper A2 - Lyla M. Hernandez TI - Facilitating Patient Understanding of Discharge Instructions: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/18834 PY - 2014 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18834/facilitating-patient-understanding-of-discharge-instructions-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Roundtable on Health Literacy brings together leaders from academia, industry, government, foundations, and associations and representatives of patient and consumer interests who work to improve health literacy. To achieve its mission, the roundtable discusses challenges facing health literacy practice and research and identifies approaches to promote health literacy through mechanisms and partnerships in both the public and private sectors. To explore the aspects of health literacy that impact the ability of patients to understand and follow discharge instructions and to learn from examples of how discharge instructions can be written to improve patient understanding of-and hence compliance with-discharge instructions, the Roundtable on Health Literacy held a public workshop. The workshop featured presentations and discussions that examined the implications of health literacy for discharge instructions for both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Facilitating Patient Understanding of Discharge Instructions summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. This report gives an overview of the impact of discharge instructions on outcomes, and discusses the specifics of inpatient discharge summaries and outpatient after-visit summaries. The report also contains case studies illustrating different approaches to improving discharge instructions. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Development of Safety Performance-Based Guidelines for the Roadside Design Guide DO - 10.17226/26763 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26763/development-of-safety-performance-based-guidelines-for-the-roadside-design-guide PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - In 1960, it was observed that approximately 30% to 35% of highway fatalities occur in runoff-road collisions, a statistic that has remained remarkably constant through the present day. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 972: Development of Safety Performance-Based Guidelines for the Roadside Design Guide provides quantitative safety performance guidance, rather than implicit guidance, which will more effectively communicate design objectives and performance goals, and quantify improvements to safety. This change is complementary to the performance-based practical design approach being promoted by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, as well as the ongoing efforts to add performance-based design measures to the geometric design process as documented in NCHRP Report 785:Performance-Based Analysis of Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. Supplemental to the report are four appendices: Appendix A: Roadside Risk Workbook, Appendix B: Derivations, Appendix C: Serious and Fatal Injury Crash Tables, and Appendix D: Research Needs and Knowledge Gaps. ER -