%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Towne, Lisa %E Hilton, Margaret %T Implementing Randomized Field Trials in Education: Report of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-09192-3 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10943/implementing-randomized-field-trials-in-education-report-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10943/implementing-randomized-field-trials-in-education-report-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 62 %X The central idea of evidence-based education-that education policy and practice ought to be fashioned based on what is known from rigorous research-offers a compelling way to approach reform efforts. Recent federal trends reflect a growing enthusiasm for such change. Most visibly, the 2002 No Child Left Behind Act requires that "scientifically based [education] research" drive the use of federal education funds at the state and local levels. This emphasis is also reflected in a number of government and nongovernment initiatives across the country. As consensus builds around the goals of evidence-based education, consideration of what it will take to make it a reality becomes the crucial next step. In this context, the Center for Education of the National Research Council (NRC) has undertaken a series of activities to address issues related to the quality of scientific education research. In 2002, the NRC released Scientific Research in Education (National Research Council, 2002), a report designed to articulate the nature of scientific education research and to guide efforts aimed at improving its quality. Building on this work, the Committee on Research in Education was convened to advance an improved understanding of a scientific approach to addressing education problems; to engage the field of education research in action-oriented dialogue about how to further the accumulation of scientific knowledge; and to coordinate, support, and promote cross-fertilization among NRC efforts in education research. The main locus of activity undertaken to meet these objectives was a year-long series of workshops. This report is a summary of the third workshop in the series, on the implementation and implications of randomized field trials in education. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E White, Jordyn M. %T Principles and Practices for Federal Program Evaluation: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46275-4 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24831/principles-and-practices-for-federal-program-evaluation-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24831/principles-and-practices-for-federal-program-evaluation-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 66 %X In October 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 1-day public workshop on Principles and Practices for Federal Program Evaluation. The workshop was organized to consider ways to bolster the integrity and protect the objectivity of the evaluation function in federal agencies—a process that is essential for evidence-based policy making. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Review of the Evidence %@ 978-0-309-06327-2 %D 1998 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6309/work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders-a-review-of-the-evidence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6309/work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders-a-review-of-the-evidence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Industry and Labor %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 42 %X In May 1998 the National Institutes of Health asked the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council to assemble a group of experts to examine the scientific literature relevant to work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the lower back, neck, and upper extremities. A steering committee was convened to design a workshop, to identify leading researchers on the topic to participate, and to prepare a report based on the workshop discussions and their own expertise. In addition, the steering committee was asked to address, to the extent possible, a set of seven questions posed by Congressman Robert Livingston on the topic of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The steering committee includes experts in orthopedic surgery, occupational medicine, epidemiology, ergonomics, human factors, statistics, and risk analysis. This document is based on the evidence presented and discussed at the two-day Workshop on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries: Examining the Research Base, which was held on August 21 and 22, 1998, and on follow-up deliberations of the steering committee, reflecting its own expertise. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Improving Democracy Assistance: Building Knowledge Through Evaluations and Research %@ 978-0-309-11736-4 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12164/improving-democracy-assistance-building-knowledge-through-evaluations-and-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12164/improving-democracy-assistance-building-knowledge-through-evaluations-and-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 336 %X Over the past 25 years, the United States has made support for the spread of democracy to other nations an increasingly important element of its national security policy. These efforts have created a growing demand to find the most effective means to assist in building and strengthening democratic governance under varied conditions. Since 1990, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has supported democracy and governance (DG) programs in approximately 120 countries and territories, spending an estimated total of $8.47 billion (in constant 2000 U.S. dollars) between 1990 and 2005. Despite these substantial expenditures, our understanding of the actual impacts of USAID DG assistance on progress toward democracy remains limited—and is the subject of much current debate in the policy and scholarly communities. This book, by the National Research Council, provides a roadmap to enable USAID and its partners to assess what works and what does not, both retrospectively and in the future through improved monitoring and evaluation methods and rebuilding USAID's internal capacity to build, absorb, and act on improved knowledge. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kahn, Ben %E Gee, Amanda Wagner %E Shore, Carolyn %T Examining the Impact of Real-World Evidence on Medical Product Development: II. Practical Approaches: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25176/examining-the-impact-of-real-world-evidence-on-medical-product-development %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25176/examining-the-impact-of-real-world-evidence-on-medical-product-development %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 12 %X On March 6–7, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held the second workshop of a three-part series titled Examining the Impact of Real-World Evidence on Medical Product Development. The workshops are intended to advance discussions and common knowledge among key stakeholders about complex issues relating to the generation and use of real-world evidence (RWE). The second workshop focused on practical approaches for the collection of real-world data (RWD)—data generated outside of the traditional clinical trial setting—and the use of RWE. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from this second workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Principles and Practices for Federal Program Evaluation: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24716/principles-and-practices-for-federal-program-evaluation-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24716/principles-and-practices-for-federal-program-evaluation-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 8 %X In October 2016 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 1-day public workshop on principles and practices for federal program evaluation. Participants focused on reviews of existing policies of the Administration for Children and Families, the Institute for Education Sciences, the Chief Evaluation Office in the U.S. Department of Labor, and other federal agencies. The scope of the workshop included evaluations of interventions, programs, and practices intended to affect human behavior, carried out by the federal government or its contractual agents and leading to public reports intended to provide information on impacts, cost, and implementation. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Thompson, Darla %T Community Violence as a Population Health Issue: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23668/community-violence-as-a-population-health-issue-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23668/community-violence-as-a-population-health-issue-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 8 %X In June 2016 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on public health approaches to reducing and preventing community violence. Participants discussed the effects of trauma and violence on communities and explored approaches that communities and multi-sector partners are using to build safe, resilient, and healthy communities. They also explored community- and hospital-based anti-violence programs, community policing, blight reduction, and the community’s participation in initiatives, including the youth and adults at risk or responsible for much of the violence in communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Moffitt, Robert A. %E Ploeg, Michele Ver %T Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work, Interim Report %@ 978-0-309-06649-5 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9672/evaluating-welfare-reform-a-framework-and-review-of-current-work %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9672/evaluating-welfare-reform-a-framework-and-review-of-current-work %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 160 %X The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 fundamentally changed the nation's social welfare system, replacing a federal entitlement program for low-income families, called Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), with state-administered block grants, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. PRWORA furthered a trend started earlier in the decade under so called "waiver" programs-state experiments with different types of AFDC rules-toward devolution of design and control of social welfare programs from the federal government to the states. The legislation imposed several new, major requirements on state use of federal welfare funds but otherwise freed states to reconfigure their programs as they want. The underlying goal of the legislation is to decrease dependence on welfare and increase the self-sufficiency of poor families in the United States. In summer 1998, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) asked the Committee on National Statistics of the National Research Council to convene a Panel on Data and Methods for Measuring the Effects of Changes in Social Welfare Programs. The panel's overall charge is to study and make recommendations on the best strategies for evaluating the effects of PRWORA and other welfare reforms and to make recommendations on data needs for conducting useful evaluations. This interim report presents the panel's initial conclusions and recommendations. Given the short length of time the panel has been in existence, this report necessarily treats many issues in much less depth than they will be treated in the final report. The report has an immediate short-run goal of providing DHHS-ASPE with recommendations regarding some of its current projects, particularly those recently funded to study "welfare leavers"-former welfare recipients who have left the welfare rolls as part of the recent decline in welfare caseloads. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of Proposals for Research on Statistical Methodologies for Assessing Variables in Eyewitness Performance %@ 978-0-309-44913-7 %D 2016 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23633/review-of-proposals-for-research-on-statistical-methodologies-for-assessing-variables-in-eyewitness-performance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23633/review-of-proposals-for-research-on-statistical-methodologies-for-assessing-variables-in-eyewitness-performance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Surveys and Statistics %P 36 %X Recognizing the importance of eyewitness identifications in courts of law and motivated by data showing that at least one erroneous eyewitness identification was associated with almost 75% of cases where defendants were later exonerated by DNA evidence, in 2013 the Laura and John Arnold Foundation asked the National Academy of Sciences to undertake an assessment of the scientific research on eyewitness identification and offer recommendations to improve eyewitness performance. The appointed committee issued its report, Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification, in 2014. In order to stimulate new and innovative research on statistical tools and the interrelationships between system and estimator variables, the Arnold Foundation in 2015 again called upon the National Academies. This report describes the development of the request for proposals, the processes followed by the committee as it evaluated the proposals, and the committee’s assessment of the scientific merit and research design of the proposals. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A National Research Council %E Carroll, Leigh %E Perez, Megan M. %E Taylor, Rachel M. %T The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-28906-1 %D 2014 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18399/the-evidence-for-violence-prevention-across-the-lifespan-and-around-the-world %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18399/the-evidence-for-violence-prevention-across-the-lifespan-and-around-the-world %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 160 %X The Evidence for Violence Prevention Across the Lifespan and Around the World is the summary of a workshop convened in January 2013 by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention to explore value and application of the evidence for violence prevention across the lifespan and around the world. As part of the Forum's mandate is to engage in multisectoral, multidirectional dialogue that explores crosscutting approaches to violence prevention, this workshop examined how existing evidence for violence prevention can continue to be expanded, disseminated, and implemented in ways that further the ultimate aims of improved individual well-being and safer communities. This report examines violence prevention interventions that have been proven to reduce different types of violence (e.g., child and elder abuse, intimate partner and sexual violence, youth and collective violence, and self-directed violence), identifies the common approaches most lacking in evidentiary support, and discusses ways that proven effective interventions can be integrated or otherwise linked with other prevention programs. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Coyle, Susan L. %E Boruch, Robert F. %E Turner, Charles F. %T Evaluating AIDS Prevention Programs: Expanded Edition %@ 978-0-309-04281-9 %D 1991 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1535/evaluating-aids-prevention-programs-expanded-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/1535/evaluating-aids-prevention-programs-expanded-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 392 %X With insightful discussion of program evaluation and the efforts of the Centers for Disease Control, this book presents a set of clear-cut recommendations to help ensure that the substantial resources devoted to the fight against AIDS will be used most effectively. This expanded edition of Evaluating AIDS Prevention Programs covers evaluation strategies and outcome measurements, including a realistic review of the factors that make evaluation of AIDS programs particularly difficult. Randomized field experiments are examined, focusing on the use of alternative treatments rather than placebo controls. The book also reviews nonexperimental techniques, including a critical examination of evaluation methods that are observational rather than experimental—a necessity when randomized experiments are infeasible. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Betsey, Charles %E Hollister, Robinson G., Jr. %E Papageorgiou, Mary R. %T Youth Employment and Training Programs: The YEDPA Years %@ 978-0-309-03595-8 %D 1985 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/613/youth-employment-and-training-programs-the-yedpa-years %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/613/youth-employment-and-training-programs-the-yedpa-years %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Industry and Labor %P 512 %X Do government-sponsored youth employment programs actually help? Between 1978 and 1981, the Youth Employment and Demonstration Projects Act (YEDPA) funded extensive programs designed to aid disadvantaged youth. The Committee on Youth Employment Programs examined the voluminous research performed by YEDPA and produced a comprehensive report and evaluation of the YEDPA efforts to assist the underprivileged. Beginning with YEDPA's inception and effective lifespan, this report goes on to analyze the data it generated, evaluate its accuracy, and draw conclusions about which YEDPA programs were effective, which were not, and why. A discussion of YEDPA strategies and their perceived value concludes the volume. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Report, Workshop Summary, and Workshop Papers %@ 978-0-309-06397-5 %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6431/work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders-report-workshop-summary-and-workshop-papers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6431/work-related-musculoskeletal-disorders-report-workshop-summary-and-workshop-papers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 240 %X Estimated costs associated with lost days and compensation claims related to musculoskeletal disorders—including back pains and repetitive motion injuries—range from $13 billion to $20 billion annually. This is a serious national problem that has spurred considerable debate about the causal links between such disorders and risk factors in the workplace. This book presents a preliminary assessment of what is known about the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and what may cause them. It includes papers and a workshop summary of findings from orthopedic surgery, public health, occupational medicine, epidemiology, risk analysis, ergonomics, and human factors. Topics covered include the biological responses of tissues to stress, the biomechanics of work stressors, the epidemiology of physical work factors, and the contributions of individual, recreational, and social factors to such disorders. The book also considers the relative success of various workplace interventions for prevention and rehabilitation. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E McCord, Joan %E Widom, Cathy Spatz %E Crowell, Nancy A. %T Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice %@ 978-0-309-06842-0 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9747/juvenile-crime-juvenile-justice %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9747/juvenile-crime-juvenile-justice %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 404 %X Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescents—trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistance—the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with age—and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Inclusion of Women in Clinical Trials: Policies for Population Subgroups %D 1993 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10572/inclusion-of-women-in-clinical-trials-policies-for-population-subgroups %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10572/inclusion-of-women-in-clinical-trials-policies-for-population-subgroups %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 16 %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Revisiting Home Visiting: Summary of a Workshop %D 1999 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9712/revisiting-home-visiting-summary-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9712/revisiting-home-visiting-summary-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 27 %0 Book %E Phillips, Deborah %E Bridgman, Anne %T New Findings on Welfare and Children's Development: Summary of a Research Briefing %@ 978-0-309-05689-2 %D 1997 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5479/new-findings-on-welfare-and-childrens-development-summary-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5479/new-findings-on-welfare-and-childrens-development-summary-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 32 %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Hansen, Janet S. %T Preparing for the Workplace: Charting A Course for Federal Postsecondary Training Policy %@ 978-0-309-04935-1 %D 1994 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2123/preparing-for-the-workplace-charting-a-course-for-federal-postsecondary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2123/preparing-for-the-workplace-charting-a-course-for-federal-postsecondary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 224 %X Job training has taken a central place among strategies to boost U.S. competitiveness in the world and ensure a high standard of living. Decision making in this area has a major impact on American workers who do not earn 4-year college degrees—fully three-quarters of the workforce. This timely volume reviews the state of postsecondary training for work in the United States; it addresses controversies about federal job policies and programs and outlines a national approach to improved quality and accessibility in workplace preparation. The committee focuses on the various types of training individuals need during their working lives. Leading experts explore the uneven nature of postsecondary training in the United States and contrast our programs with more comprehensive systems found in other major industrial countries. The authors propose what the federal government can—and cannot—do in improving postsecondary training, exploring appropriate roles and responsibilites for federal, state, and private interests. The volume highlights opportunities for improvement in the development of skills standards, student financial aid, worker retraining, second-change education, and the provision of better information to program managers, public officials, and trainees. With a wealth of insightful commentary and examples, this readable volume will be valuable to federal and state policymakers, leaders in the field of training, educators, employers, labor unions, and interested individuals. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Meyer, Michael M. %E Fienberg, Stephen E. %T Assessing Evaluation Studies: The Case of Bilingual Education Strategies %@ 978-0-309-04728-9 %D 1992 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2014/assessing-evaluation-studies-the-case-of-bilingual-education-strategies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/2014/assessing-evaluation-studies-the-case-of-bilingual-education-strategies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 138 %X Bilingual education has long been the subject of major disagreements in this country. This book provides a detailed critique of the two largest studies of U.S. bilingual education programs. It examines the goals of the studies and what can be learned from them. In addition, using these studies as cases, this book provides guidelines on how to plan large evaluation studies to achieve useful answers to major policy questions about education. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Herman, Joan %E Hilton, Margaret %T Supporting Students' College Success: The Role of Assessment of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Competencies %@ 978-0-309-45605-0 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24697/supporting-students-college-success-the-role-of-assessment-of-intrapersonal %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24697/supporting-students-college-success-the-role-of-assessment-of-intrapersonal %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 262 %X The importance of higher education has never been clearer. Educational attainment—the number of years a person spends in school—strongly predicts adult earnings, as well as health and civic engagement. Yet relative to other developed nations, educational attainment in the United States is lagging, with young Americans who heretofore led the world in completing postsecondary degrees now falling behind their global peers. As part of a broader national college completion agenda aimed at increasing college graduation rates, higher education researchers and policy makers are exploring the role of intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies in supporting student success. Supporting Students' College Success: The Role of Assessment of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Competencies identifies 8 intrapersonal competencies (competencies involving self-management and positive self-evaluation) that can be developed through interventions and appear to be related to persistence and success in undergraduate education. The report calls for further research on the importance of these competencies for college success, reviews current assessments of them and establishes priorities for the use of current assessments, and outlines promising new approaches for improved assessments.