%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Carbon Management: Implications for R&D in the Chemical Sciences and Technology %@ 978-0-309-07573-2 %D 2001 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10153/carbon-management-implications-for-rd-in-the-chemical-sciences-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10153/carbon-management-implications-for-rd-in-the-chemical-sciences-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Energy and Energy Conservation %P 236 %X Considerable international concerns exist about global climate change and its relationship to the growing use of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide is released by chemical reactions that are employed to extract energy from fuels, and any regulatory policy limiting the amount of CO2 that could be released from sequestered sources or from energy-generating reactions will require substantial involvement of the chemical sciences and technology R&D community. Much of the public debate has been focused on the question of whether global climate change is occurring and, if so, whether it is anthropogenic, but these questions were outside the scope of the workshop, which instead focused on the question of how to respond to a possible national policy of carbon management. Previous discussion of the latter topic has focused on technological, economic, and ecological aspects and on earth science challenges, but the fundamental science has received little attention. This workshop was designed to gather information that could inform the Chemical Sciences Roundtable in its discussions of possible roles that the chemical sciences community might play in identifying and addressing underlying chemical questions. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Biographical Memoirs: Volume 91 %@ 978-0-309-14560-2 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12776/biographical-memoirs-volume-91 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12776/biographical-memoirs-volume-91 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %P 388 %X Biographic Memoirs Volume 91 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Industrialization of Biology: A Roadmap to Accelerate the Advanced Manufacturing of Chemicals %@ 978-0-309-31652-1 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19001/industrialization-of-biology-a-roadmap-to-accelerate-the-advanced-manufacturing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/19001/industrialization-of-biology-a-roadmap-to-accelerate-the-advanced-manufacturing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Industry and Labor %P 167 %X The tremendous progress in biology over the last half century - from Watson and Crick's elucidation of the structure of DNA to today's astonishing, rapid progress in the field of synthetic biology - has positioned us for significant innovation in chemical production. New bio-based chemicals, improved public health through improved drugs and diagnostics, and biofuels that reduce our dependency on oil are all results of research and innovation in the biological sciences. In the past decade, we have witnessed major advances made possible by biotechnology in areas such as rapid, low-cost DNA sequencing, metabolic engineering, and high-throughput screening. The manufacturing of chemicals using biological synthesis and engineering could expand even faster. A proactive strategy - implemented through the development of a technical roadmap similar to those that enabled sustained growth in the semiconductor industry and our explorations of space - is needed if we are to realize the widespread benefits of accelerating the industrialization of biology. Industrialization of Biology presents such a roadmap to achieve key technical milestones for chemical manufacturing through biological routes. This report examines the technical, economic, and societal factors that limit the adoption of bioprocessing in the chemical industry today and which, if surmounted, would markedly accelerate the advanced manufacturing of chemicals via industrial biotechnology. Working at the interface of synthetic chemistry, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and synthetic biology, Industrialization of Biology identifies key technical goals for next-generation chemical manufacturing, then identifies the gaps in knowledge, tools, techniques, and systems required to meet those goals, and targets and timelines for achieving them. This report also considers the skills necessary to accomplish the roadmap goals, and what training opportunities are required to produce the cadre of skilled scientists and engineers needed. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet: A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances %@ 978-0-309-05391-4 %D 1996 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5150/carcinogens-and-anticarcinogens-in-the-human-diet-a-comparison-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5150/carcinogens-and-anticarcinogens-in-the-human-diet-a-comparison-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Health and Medicine %P 436 %X Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer risk—and potential anticarcinogenic effect—from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.