TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Emily Grumbling A2 - Mark Horowitz TI - Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects SN - DO - 10.17226/25196 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25196/quantum-computing-progress-and-prospects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2018 Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/25333 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25333/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This volume presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering's 2018 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and innovations in selected areas. The 2018 symposium was held September 5-7 and hosted by MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight innovative developments in engineering research and technical work. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anne Frances Johnson TI - Domestic Manufacturing Capabilities for Critical DoD Applications: Emerging Needs in Quantum-Enabled Systems: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/25499 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25499/domestic-manufacturing-capabilities-for-critical-dod-applications-emerging-needs-in PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Recent advancements in quantum-enabled systems present a variety of new opportunities and challenges. These technologies are important developments for a variety of computing, communications, and sensing applications. However, many materials and components relevant to quantum-enabled systems exist outside of the United States, and it is important to promote the development of assured domestic sources of materials, manufacturing capabilities, and expertise. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day workshop to explore implications and concerns related to the application of quantum-enabled systems in the United States. This workshop focused on quantum-enabled computing systems, quantum communications and networks, and quantum sensing opportunities. Participants explored the path to quantum computing, communications, and networks, opportunities for collaboration, as well as key gaps, supply chain concerns, and security issues. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science: An Assessment of Research Opportunities at the Interface of Chemistry and Quantum Information Science in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/26850 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26850/advancing-chemistry-and-quantum-information-science-an-assessment-of-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - The field of quantum information science (QIS) has witnessed a dramatic rise in scientific research activities in the 21st century as excitement has grown about its potential to revolutionize communications and computing, strengthen encryption, and enhance quantum sensing, among other applications. While, historically, QIS research has been dominated by the field of physics and computer engineering, this report explores how chemistry - in particular the use of molecular qubits - could advance QIS. In turn, researchers are also examining how QIS could be used to solve problems in chemistry, for example, to facilitate new drug and material designs, health and environmental monitoring tools, and more sustainable energy production. Recognizing that QIS could be a disruptive technology with the potential to create groundbreaking products and new industries, Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science calls for U.S. leadership to build a robust enterprise to facilitate and support research at the intersection of chemistry and QIS. This report identifies three key research areas: design and synthesis of molecular qubit systems, measurement and control of molecular quantum systems, and experimental and computational approaches for scaling qubit design and function. Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science recommends that the Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and other funding agencies should support multidisciplinary and collaborative research in QIS, the development of new instrumentation, and facilities, centralized and open-access databases, and efforts to create a more diverse and inclusive chemical workforce. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Cryptography and the Intelligence Community: The Future of Encryption SN - DO - 10.17226/26168 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26168/cryptography-and-the-intelligence-community-the-future-of-encryption PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Encryption is a process for making information unreadable by an adversary who does not possess a specific key that is required to make the encrypted information readable. The inverse process, making information that has been encrypted readable, is referred to as decryption. Cryptography has become widespread and is used by private as well as governmental actors. It also enables authentication and underlies the safe use of the Internet and computer systems by individuals and organizations worldwide. Emerging cryptographic technologies offer capabilities such as the ability to process encrypted information without first decrypting it. At the request of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, this report identifies potential scenarios that would describe the balance between encryption and decryption over the next 10 to 20 years and assesses the national security and intelligence implications of each scenario. For each of these scenarios, Cryptography and the Intelligence Community identifies risks, opportunities, and actions. Attention to the findings should enable the Intelligence Community to prepare for the future and to recognize emerging trends and developments and respond appropriately. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anne Frances Johnson A2 - Lynette I. Millett TI - Cryptographic Agility and Interoperability: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/24636 PY - 2017 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24636/cryptographic-agility-and-interoperability-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - In May 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop on Cryptographic Agility and Interoperability. Speakers at the workshop discussed the history and practice of cryptography, its current challenges, and its future possibilities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2002 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/10617 PY - 2003 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10617/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education KW - Engineering and Technology AB - This collection includes summaries of presentations given at the NAE Symposium in September 2002. Topics include chemical and molecular engineering in the 21st century, human factors engineering, the future of nuclear energy, and engineering challenges for quantum information technology. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Paul Whitacre TI - Authenticity, Integrity, and Security in a Digital World: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/25477 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25477/authenticity-integrity-and-security-in-a-digital-world-proceedings-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - Digital technology is incorporated into nearly every facet of American life, from commerce, community, healthcare, food systems, transportation, education, media, entertainment, and employment. Its increasingly integral nature raises critical questions moving forward, such as what emerging technologies are complicating the ability to verify authenticity and integrity in a digital world? Also, what emerging technologies enable the creation of systems of trust that enforce standards of authenticity, integrity, and security? How can partnerships between government, universities, and companies shape public policy to prioritize authenticity and integrity within systems—and who will be the stewards and custodians of such systems? To address these and related questions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on February 19-20, 2019. Through presentations from experts and robust discussions, the workshop focused on technologies, processes, and governance that affect digital privacy and security now and into the coming decades. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Controlling the Quantum World of Atoms, Molecules, and Photons: An Interim Report SN - DO - 10.17226/11482 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11482/controlling-the-quantum-world-of-atoms-molecules-and-photons-an PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - Atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science illustrates powerfully the ties of fundamental physics to society. Its very name comes from three of the twentieth century's greatest advances: the establishment of the atom as the building block of matter; the development of quantum mechanics, which made it possible to understand the inner workings of atoms and molecules; and the invention of the laser. Advances made possible by the scientists in this field touch almost every sphere of societal importance in the past century. Navigation by the stars gave way to navigation by clocks, which in turn has given way to today's navigation by atomic clocks. Laser surgery has replaced the knife for the most delicate operations. Homeland security relies on a multitude of screening technologies based on AMO research to detect toxins in the air and hidden weapons in luggage or on persons, to name a few. New drugs are now designed with the aid of x-ray scattering to determine their structure at the molecular level using AMO-based precision measurement techniques. And the global economy depends critically on high-speed telecommunication by laser light sent over thin optical fibers encircling the globe. AMO scientists are proud of their central role in science and society in the twentieth century, and they have been rewarded with numerous Nobel prizes over the past decade, including the 2005 prize in physics. But in this report we look to the future. The National Research Council of the National Academies has undertaken a study of opportunities in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science and technology over roughly the next decade. The committee carrying out the AMO 2010 study, has been asked to assess the state of AMO science, emphasizing recent accomplishments and identifying new and compelling scientific questions. The six grand challenges, summarized below, will each form a chapter of the committee's final report: What is the nature of physical law? What happens at the lowest temperatures in the universe? What happens when we turn up the power? Can we control the inner workings of a molecule? How will we control and exploit the nanoworld? What lies beyond Moore's law? Controlling the Quantum World of Atoms, Molecules, and Photons: An Interim Report provides a preview of the final document. It summarizes the committee's opinion on the key opportunities in forefront AMO science and in closely related critical technologies and discusses some of the broad-scale conclusions of the final report. It also identifies how AMO science supports national R&D priorities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Paula Whitacre TI - Partnerships and Cross-Sector Collaboration Priorities to Support Climate Research and Policy: Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief DO - 10.17226/26438 PY - 2021 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26438/partnerships-and-cross-sector-collaboration-priorities-to-support-climate-research-and-policy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Policy for Science and Technology KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - As global mean temperatures rise and extreme climate and weather events increase in frequency and intensity, the severity of the climate situation and its potential impacts on human well-being - particularly of the world's most vulnerable populations - is strikingly evident. Research and policy responses to address climate change are required to meet U.S. targets set for the coming decades, which include a reduction of 50 to 52 percent of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2050. In coordination with other activities on climate, energy, and environmental and human health across the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable convened a series of five workshops in June and July of 2021 to discuss opportunities for enhancing U.S. scientific and technological approaches to climate research and policy through cross-sector collaboration and partnerships, and to examine the impacts of climate policy on economic development, inequality, and international competitiveness. This document summarizes the presentations and discussions at the five workshops. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - The Importance of Chemical Research to the U.S. Economy SN - DO - 10.17226/26568 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26568/the-importance-of-chemical-research-to-the-us-economy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Industry and Labor AB - Chemistry plays a pivotal role in the strength of the U.S. economy and the advancement of humankind. Chemists' achievements include life-saving pharmaceuticals, advanced energy solutions, improved agricultural productivity, and novel materials used in products from clothing to electronic devices. The many sectors reliant on the U.S. chemical economy account for about 25% of the U.S. GDP and support 4.1 million U.S. jobs. However, a new and evolving chemistry landscape requires changes with regard to funding, training, and a focus on integrating sustainability into manufacturing, product usage, and product disposal. This report identifies strategies and options for research investments that will support U.S. leadership while considering environmental sustainability and developing a diverse chemical economy workforce with equitable opportunities for all chemistry talent. The report recommends that funding agencies and philanthropic organizations who support the chemical sciences fund as large a breadth of fundamental research projects as possible. Chemical industry and their partners at universities, scientific research institutions, and national laboratories should align the objectives of fundamental research to directly assist with new practices toward environmental stewardship, sustainability, and clean energy. Additionally, the report recommends that funding agencies make substantial investment toward education research to enable innovative ways of teaching about emerging concepts, tools and technologies. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics: Basic Research for Tomorrow's Technology SN - DO - 10.17226/6407 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6407/condensed-matter-and-materials-physics-basic-research-for-tomorrows-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - This book identifies opportunities, priorities, and challenges for the field of condensed-matter and materials physics. It highlights exciting recent scientific and technological developments and their societal impact and identifies outstanding questions for future research. Topics range from the science of modern technology to new materials and structures, novel quantum phenomena, nonequilibrium physics, soft condensed matter, and new experimental and computational tools. The book also addresses structural challenges for the field, including nurturing its intellectual vitality, maintaining a healthy mixture of large and small research facilities, improving the field's integration with other disciplines, and developing new ways for scientists in academia, government laboratories, and industry to work together. It will be of interest to scientists, educators, students, and policymakers. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Colin Bruce TI - Schrodinger's Rabbits: The Many Worlds of Quantum SN - DO - 10.17226/11002 PY - 2004 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11002/schrodingers-rabbits-the-many-worlds-of-quantum PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - For the better part of a century, attempts to explain what was really going on in the quantum world seemed doomed to failure. But recent technological advances have made the question both practical and urgent. A brilliantly imaginative group of physicists at Oxford University have risen to the challenge. This is their story. At long last, there is a sensible way to think about quantum mechanics. The new view abolishes the need to believe in randomness, long-range spooky forces, or conscious observers with mysterious powers to collapse cats into a state of life or death. But the new understanding comes at a price: we must accept that we live in a multiverse wherein countless versions of reality unfold side-by-side. The philosophical and personal consequences of this are awe-inspiring. The new interpretation has allowed imaginative physicists to conceive of wonderful new technologies: measuring devices that effectively share information between worlds and computers that can borrow the power of other worlds to perform calculations. Step by step, the problems initially associated with the original many-worlds formulation have been addressed and answered so that a clear but startling new picture has emerged. Just as Copenhagen was the centre of quantum discussion a lifetime ago, so Oxford has been the epicenter of the modern debate, with such figures as Roger Penrose and Anton Zeilinger fighting for single-world views, and David Deutsch, Lev Vaidman and a host of others for many-worlds. An independent physicist living in Oxford, Bruce has had a ringside seat to the debate. In his capable hands, we understand why the initially fantastic sounding many-worlds view is not only a useful way to look at things, but logically compelling. Parallel worlds are as real as the distant galaxies detected by the Hubble Space Telescope, even though the evidence for their existence may consist only of a few photons. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - George G. Szpiro TI - The Secret Life of Numbers: 50 Easy Pieces on How Mathematicians Work and Think DO - 10.17226/11543 PY - 2006 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11543/the-secret-life-of-numbers-50-easy-pieces-on-how PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - Most of us picture mathematicians laboring before a chalkboard, scribbling numbers and obscure symbols as they mutter unintelligibly. This lighthearted (but realistic) sneak-peak into the everyday world of mathematicians turns that stereotype on its head.Most people have little idea what mathematicians do or how they think. It’s often difficult to see how their seemingly arcane and esoteric work applies to our own everyday lives. But mathematics also holds a special allure for many people. We are drawn to its inherent beauty and fascinated by its complexity—but often intimidated by its presumed difficulty. The Secret Life of Numbers opens our eyes to the joys of mathematics, introducing us to the charming, often whimsical side, of the discipline. Divided into several parts, the book looks at interesting and largely unknown historical tidbits, introduces the largerthan- life practitioners of mathematics through the ages, profiles some of the most significant unsolved conjectures, and describes problems and puzzles that have already been solved. Rounding out the table of contents is a host of mathematical miscellany—all of which add up to 50 fun, sometimes cheeky, shorttakes on the field. Chock full of stories, anecdotes, and entertaining vignettes, The Secret Life of Numbers shows us how mathematics really does affect almost every aspect of life—from the law to geography, elections to botany—and we come to appreciate the delight and gratification that mathematics holds for all of us. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Controlling the Quantum World: The Science of Atoms, Molecules, and Photons SN - DO - 10.17226/11705 PY - 2007 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11705/controlling-the-quantum-world-the-science-of-atoms-molecules-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - As part of the Physics 2010 decadal survey project, the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation requested that the National Research Council assess the opportunities, over roughly the next decade, in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science and technology. In particular, the National Research Council was asked to cover the state of AMO science, emphasizing recent accomplishments and identifying new and compelling scientific questions. Controlling the Quantum World, discusses both the roles and challenges for AMO science in instrumentation; scientific research near absolute zero; development of extremely intense x-ray and laser sources; exploration and control of molecular processes; photonics at the nanoscale level; and development of quantum information technology. This book also offers an assessment of and recommendations about critical issues concerning maintaining U.S. leadership in AMO science and technology. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/25613 PY - 2020 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25613/manipulating-quantum-systems-an-assessment-of-atomic-molecular-and-optical PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics AB - The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage SN - DO - 10.17226/26647 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26647/protecting-us-technological-advantage PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - U.S. leadership in technology innovation is central to our nation’s interests, including its security, economic prosperity, and quality of life. Our nation has created a science and technology ecosystem that fosters innovation, risk taking, and the discovery of new ideas that lead to new technologies through robust collaborations across and within academia, industry, and government, and our research and development enterprise has attracted the best and brightest scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs from around the world. The quality and openness of our research enterprise have been the basis of our global leadership in technological innovation, which has brought enormous advantages to our national interests. In today’s rapidly changing landscapes of technology and competition, however, the assumption that the United States will continue to hold a dominant competitive position by depending primarily on its historical approach of identifying specific and narrow technology areas requiring controls or restrictions is not valid. Further challenging that approach is the proliferation of highly integrated and globally shared platforms that power and enable most modern technology applications. To review the protection of technologies that have strategic importance for national security in an era of openness and competition, Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage considers policies and practices related to the production and commercialization of research in domains critical to national security. This report makes recommendations for changes to technology protection policies and practices that reflect the current realities of how technologies are developed and incorporated into new products and processes. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Charting a Path in a Shifting Technical and Geopolitical Landscape: Post-Exascale Computing for the National Nuclear Security Administration SN - DO - 10.17226/26916 PY - 2023 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26916/charting-a-path-in-a-shifting-technical-and-geopolitical-landscape PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - In 2022, the United States installed its first exascale computing system for the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, with an National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) system scheduled for 2023. The DOE Exascale Computing Project (ECP)2 has developed new applications capabilities, parallelization approaches, and software tools, while co-developing the computing systems in collaboration with vendor partners. The NNSA is positioned to take full advantage of exascale computing, but demand for more computing will continue to grow beyond exascale, driven by both familiar applications and new mission drivers and new computational approaches that will use high-end computing. Visionary leaders and creativity will be needed to move existing codes to next-generation platforms, to reconsider the use of advanced computing for current and emerging mission problems, and to envision new types of computing systems, algorithmic techniques implemented in software, partnerships, and models of system acquisition. This report reviews the future of computing beyond exascale computing to meet national security needs at the National Nuclear Security Administration, including computing needs over the next 20 years that exascale computing will not support; future computing technologies for meeting those needs including quantum computing and other novel hardware, computer architecture, and software; and the likely trajectory of promising hardware and software technologies and obstacles to their development and their deployment by NNSA. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - An Assessment of the Divisions of the Physical Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Located in Boulder, Colorado: Fiscal Year 2023 SN - DO - 10.17226/27338 PY - 2024 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27338/an-assessment-of-the-divisions-of-the-physical-measurement-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-located-in-boulder-colorado PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Since 1959, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has annually commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to assess its various measurements and standards laboratories. This report appraises the Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML), assessing four divisions of PML situated at the NIST Boulder campus: the Applied Physics Division, the Time and Frequency Division, the Quantum Electromagnetics Division, and the Quantum Physics Division. The report compares the caliber of research at PML with similar international programs to determine whether programs adequately align with its objectives; assesses the range of scientific and technical expertise available within PML; considers the budget, facilities, equipment, and Human Resources to bolster PML technical endeavors and contribute to the fulfillment of its goals; and assesses the efficacy of PML methods for disseminating the products of its work. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Frontiers of Materials Research: A Decadal Survey SN - DO - 10.17226/25244 PY - 2019 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25244/frontiers-of-materials-research-a-decadal-survey PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology AB - Modern materials science builds on knowledge from physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer and data science, and engineering sciences to enable us to understand, control, and expand the material world. Although it is anchored in inquiry-based fundamental science, materials research is strongly focused on discovering and producing reliable and economically viable materials, from super alloys to polymer composites, that are used in a vast array of products essential to today's societies and economies. Frontiers of Materials Research: A Decadal Survey is aimed at documenting the status and promising future directions of materials research in the United States in the context of similar efforts worldwide. This third decadal survey in materials research reviews the progress and achievements in materials research and changes in the materials research landscape over the last decade; research opportunities for investment for the period 2020-2030; impacts that materials research has had and is expected to have on emerging technologies, national needs, and science; and challenges the enterprise may face over the next decade. ER -