%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Grumbling, Emily %E Horowitz, Mark %T Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects %@ 978-0-309-47969-1 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25196/quantum-computing-progress-and-prospects %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25196/quantum-computing-progress-and-prospects %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 272 %X Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Charting a Path in a Shifting Technical and Geopolitical Landscape: Post-Exascale Computing for the National Nuclear Security Administration %@ 978-0-309-70108-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26916/charting-a-path-in-a-shifting-technical-and-geopolitical-landscape %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26916/charting-a-path-in-a-shifting-technical-and-geopolitical-landscape %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 120 %X In 2022, the United States installed its first exascale computing system for the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, with an National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) system scheduled for 2023. The DOE Exascale Computing Project (ECP)2 has developed new applications capabilities, parallelization approaches, and software tools, while co-developing the computing systems in collaboration with vendor partners. The NNSA is positioned to take full advantage of exascale computing, but demand for more computing will continue to grow beyond exascale, driven by both familiar applications and new mission drivers and new computational approaches that will use high-end computing. Visionary leaders and creativity will be needed to move existing codes to next-generation platforms, to reconsider the use of advanced computing for current and emerging mission problems, and to envision new types of computing systems, algorithmic techniques implemented in software, partnerships, and models of system acquisition. This report reviews the future of computing beyond exascale computing to meet national security needs at the National Nuclear Security Administration, including computing needs over the next 20 years that exascale computing will not support; future computing technologies for meeting those needs including quantum computing and other novel hardware, computer architecture, and software; and the likely trajectory of promising hardware and software technologies and obstacles to their development and their deployment by NNSA. %0 Book %E Casti, John L. %T The One True Platonic Heaven: A Scientific Fiction on the Limits of Knowledge %@ 978-0-309-09510-5 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10533/the-one-true-platonic-heaven-a-scientific-fiction-on-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10533/the-one-true-platonic-heaven-a-scientific-fiction-on-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 180 %X By the author of The Cambridge Quintet, John L. Casti’s new book continues the tradition of combining science fact with just the right dose of fiction. Part novel, part science – wholly informative and entertaining. In the fall of 1933 the newly founded Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, welcomed its first faculty member, Albert Einstein. With this superstar on the roster, the Institute was able to attract many more of the greatest scholars, scientists, and poets from around the world. It was to be an intellectual haven, a place where the most brilliant minds on the planet, sheltered from the outside world’s cares and calamities, could study and collaborate and devote their time to the pure and exclusive pursuit of knowledge. For many of them, it was the “one, true, platonic heaven.” Over the years, key figures at the Institute began to question the limits to what science could tell us about the world, pondering the universal secrets it might unlock. Could science be the ultimate source of truth; or are there intrinsic limits, built into the very fabric of the universe, to what we can learn? In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s, this important question was being asked and pondered upon by some of the Institute’s deepest thinkers. Enter the dramatis personae to illuminate the science and the philosophy of the time. Mathematical logician Kurt Godel was the unacknowledged Grant Exalted Ruler of this platonic estate – but he was a ruler without a scepter as he awaited the inexplicably indefinite postponement of his promotion to full, tenured professor. Also in residence was his colleague, the Hungarian-American polymath, John van Neumann, developer of game theory, the axiomatic foundations of quantum mechanics, and the digital computer – stymied by the Institute’s refusal to sanction his bold proposal to actually build a computer. One of Godel’s closest friends figures large in this story: Albert Einstein, by common consensus the greatest physicist the 20th century had ever known. And, of course, the director the Institute, J. Robert Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, must by necessity be key to any story that focuses in on this time and place. Author Casti elegantly sets the stage and then masterfully directs this impressive cast of characters—with able assists by many “minor-character” icons like T. S. Eliot, Wolfgang Pauli, Freeman Dyson, and David Bohm, to tell a story of science, history, and ideas. As we watch events unfold (some of which are documented fact while others are creatively imagined fiction), we are witness to the discussions and deliberations of this august group… privy to wide-ranging conversations on thinking machines, quantum logic, biology as physics, weather forecasting, the structure of economic systems, the distinction between mathematics and natural science, the structure of the universe, and the powers of the human mind – all centered around the question of the limits to scientific knowledge. Imaginatively conceived and artfully executed, The One True Platonic Heaven is an accessible and intriguing presentation of some of the deepest scientific and philosophical ideas of the 20th century. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %A National Academy of Engineering %T Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2002 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering %@ 978-0-309-08732-2 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10617/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10617/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %K Engineering and Technology %P 152 %X This collection includes summaries of presentations given at the NAE Symposium in September 2002. Topics include chemical and molecular engineering in the 21st century, human factors engineering, the future of nuclear energy, and engineering challenges for quantum information technology. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Johnson, Anne Frances %T Domestic Manufacturing Capabilities for Critical DoD Applications: Emerging Needs in Quantum-Enabled Systems: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-49476-2 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25499/domestic-manufacturing-capabilities-for-critical-dod-applications-emerging-needs-in %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25499/domestic-manufacturing-capabilities-for-critical-dod-applications-emerging-needs-in %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 108 %X Recent advancements in quantum-enabled systems present a variety of new opportunities and challenges. These technologies are important developments for a variety of computing, communications, and sensing applications. However, many materials and components relevant to quantum-enabled systems exist outside of the United States, and it is important to promote the development of assured domestic sources of materials, manufacturing capabilities, and expertise. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day workshop to explore implications and concerns related to the application of quantum-enabled systems in the United States. This workshop focused on quantum-enabled computing systems, quantum communications and networks, and quantum sensing opportunities. Participants explored the path to quantum computing, communications, and networks, opportunities for collaboration, as well as key gaps, supply chain concerns, and security issues. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Cryptography and the Intelligence Community: The Future of Encryption %@ 978-0-309-49135-8 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26168/cryptography-and-the-intelligence-community-the-future-of-encryption %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26168/cryptography-and-the-intelligence-community-the-future-of-encryption %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 140 %X Encryption is a process for making information unreadable by an adversary who does not possess a specific key that is required to make the encrypted information readable. The inverse process, making information that has been encrypted readable, is referred to as decryption. Cryptography has become widespread and is used by private as well as governmental actors. It also enables authentication and underlies the safe use of the Internet and computer systems by individuals and organizations worldwide. Emerging cryptographic technologies offer capabilities such as the ability to process encrypted information without first decrypting it. At the request of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, this report identifies potential scenarios that would describe the balance between encryption and decryption over the next 10 to 20 years and assesses the national security and intelligence implications of each scenario. For each of these scenarios, Cryptography and the Intelligence Community identifies risks, opportunities, and actions. Attention to the findings should enable the Intelligence Community to prepare for the future and to recognize emerging trends and developments and respond appropriately. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Johnson, Anne Frances %E Millett, Lynette I. %T Cryptographic Agility and Interoperability: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-45356-1 %D 2017 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24636/cryptographic-agility-and-interoperability-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24636/cryptographic-agility-and-interoperability-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 90 %X In May 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop on Cryptographic Agility and Interoperability. Speakers at the workshop discussed the history and practice of cryptography, its current challenges, and its future possibilities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %T Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2018 Symposium %@ 978-0-309-48750-4 %D 2019 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25333/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25333/frontiers-of-engineering-reports-on-leading-edge-engineering-from-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 124 %X This volume presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering's 2018 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and innovations in selected areas. The 2018 symposium was held September 5-7 and hosted by MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight innovative developments in engineering research and technical work. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science: An Assessment of Research Opportunities at the Interface of Chemistry and Quantum Information Science in the United States %@ 978-0-309-69809-2 %D 2023 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26850/advancing-chemistry-and-quantum-information-science-an-assessment-of-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26850/advancing-chemistry-and-quantum-information-science-an-assessment-of-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 226 %X The field of quantum information science (QIS) has witnessed a dramatic rise in scientific research activities in the 21st century as excitement has grown about its potential to revolutionize communications and computing, strengthen encryption, and enhance quantum sensing, among other applications. While, historically, QIS research has been dominated by the field of physics and computer engineering, this report explores how chemistry - in particular the use of molecular qubits - could advance QIS. In turn, researchers are also examining how QIS could be used to solve problems in chemistry, for example, to facilitate new drug and material designs, health and environmental monitoring tools, and more sustainable energy production. Recognizing that QIS could be a disruptive technology with the potential to create groundbreaking products and new industries, Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science calls for U.S. leadership to build a robust enterprise to facilitate and support research at the intersection of chemistry and QIS. This report identifies three key research areas: design and synthesis of molecular qubit systems, measurement and control of molecular quantum systems, and experimental and computational approaches for scaling qubit design and function. Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science recommends that the Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and other funding agencies should support multidisciplinary and collaborative research in QIS, the development of new instrumentation, and facilities, centralized and open-access databases, and efforts to create a more diverse and inclusive chemical workforce. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States %@ 978-0-309-49951-4 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25613/manipulating-quantum-systems-an-assessment-of-atomic-molecular-and-optical %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25613/manipulating-quantum-systems-an-assessment-of-atomic-molecular-and-optical %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 314 %X The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Controlling the Quantum World: The Science of Atoms, Molecules, and Photons %@ 978-0-309-10270-4 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11705/controlling-the-quantum-world-the-science-of-atoms-molecules-and %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11705/controlling-the-quantum-world-the-science-of-atoms-molecules-and %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 244 %X As part of the Physics 2010 decadal survey project, the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation requested that the National Research Council assess the opportunities, over roughly the next decade, in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science and technology. In particular, the National Research Council was asked to cover the state of AMO science, emphasizing recent accomplishments and identifying new and compelling scientific questions. Controlling the Quantum World, discusses both the roles and challenges for AMO science in instrumentation; scientific research near absolute zero; development of extremely intense x-ray and laser sources; exploration and control of molecular processes; photonics at the nanoscale level; and development of quantum information technology. This book also offers an assessment of and recommendations about critical issues concerning maintaining U.S. leadership in AMO science and technology. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field %@ 978-0-309-09301-9 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11106/computer-science-reflections-on-the-field-reflections-from-the-field %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11106/computer-science-reflections-on-the-field-reflections-from-the-field %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Education %P 216 %X Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field provides a concise characterization of key ideas that lie at the core of computer science (CS) research. The book offers a description of CS research recognizing the richness and diversity of the field. It brings together two dozen essays on diverse aspects of CS research, their motivation and results. By describing in accessible form computer science’s intellectual character, and by conveying a sense of its vibrancy through a set of examples, the book aims to prepare readers for what the future might hold and help to inspire CS researchers in its creation. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage %@ 978-0-309-69130-7 %D 2022 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26647/protecting-us-technological-advantage %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26647/protecting-us-technological-advantage %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 144 %X U.S. leadership in technology innovation is central to our nation’s interests, including its security, economic prosperity, and quality of life. Our nation has created a science and technology ecosystem that fosters innovation, risk taking, and the discovery of new ideas that lead to new technologies through robust collaborations across and within academia, industry, and government, and our research and development enterprise has attracted the best and brightest scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs from around the world. The quality and openness of our research enterprise have been the basis of our global leadership in technological innovation, which has brought enormous advantages to our national interests. In today’s rapidly changing landscapes of technology and competition, however, the assumption that the United States will continue to hold a dominant competitive position by depending primarily on its historical approach of identifying specific and narrow technology areas requiring controls or restrictions is not valid. Further challenging that approach is the proliferation of highly integrated and globally shared platforms that power and enable most modern technology applications. To review the protection of technologies that have strategic importance for national security in an era of openness and competition, Protecting U.S. Technological Advantage considers policies and practices related to the production and commercialization of research in domains critical to national security. This report makes recommendations for changes to technology protection policies and practices that reflect the current realities of how technologies are developed and incorporated into new products and processes. %0 Book %E Bruce, Colin %T Schrodinger's Rabbits: The Many Worlds of Quantum %@ 978-0-309-54658-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11002/schrodingers-rabbits-the-many-worlds-of-quantum %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11002/schrodingers-rabbits-the-many-worlds-of-quantum %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Explore Science %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 282 %X For the better part of a century, attempts to explain what was really going on in the quantum world seemed doomed to failure. But recent technological advances have made the question both practical and urgent. A brilliantly imaginative group of physicists at Oxford University have risen to the challenge. This is their story. At long last, there is a sensible way to think about quantum mechanics. The new view abolishes the need to believe in randomness, long-range spooky forces, or conscious observers with mysterious powers to collapse cats into a state of life or death. But the new understanding comes at a price: we must accept that we live in a multiverse wherein countless versions of reality unfold side-by-side. The philosophical and personal consequences of this are awe-inspiring. The new interpretation has allowed imaginative physicists to conceive of wonderful new technologies: measuring devices that effectively share information between worlds and computers that can borrow the power of other worlds to perform calculations. Step by step, the problems initially associated with the original many-worlds formulation have been addressed and answered so that a clear but startling new picture has emerged. Just as Copenhagen was the centre of quantum discussion a lifetime ago, so Oxford has been the epicenter of the modern debate, with such figures as Roger Penrose and Anton Zeilinger fighting for single-world views, and David Deutsch, Lev Vaidman and a host of others for many-worlds. An independent physicist living in Oxford, Bruce has had a ringside seat to the debate. In his capable hands, we understand why the initially fantastic sounding many-worlds view is not only a useful way to look at things, but logically compelling. Parallel worlds are as real as the distant galaxies detected by the Hubble Space Telescope, even though the evidence for their existence may consist only of a few photons. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Nanophotonics: Accessibility and Applicability %@ 978-0-309-10722-8 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11907/nanophotonics-accessibility-and-applicability %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11907/nanophotonics-accessibility-and-applicability %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Engineering and Technology %P 236 %X The Committee on Technology Insight-Gauge, Evaluate & Review set up by the NRC at the request of the Defense Intelligence Agency, has selected a number of emerging technologies to investigate for their potential threats to and opportunities for national security. This first study focused on emerging applications of nanophotonics, which is about the interaction of matter and light at the scale of the wavelength of the light. Manipulation of matter at that scale allows tailoring the optical properties to permit a wide-range of commercial and defense applications. This book presents a review of the nanoscale phenomena underpinning nanophotonics, an assessment of enabling technologies for developing new applications, an examination of potential military applications, and an assessment of foreign investment capabilities %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T An Assessment of the Divisions of the Physical Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Located in Boulder, Colorado: Fiscal Year 2023 %@ 978-0-309-71248-4 %D 2024 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27338/an-assessment-of-the-divisions-of-the-physical-measurement-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-located-in-boulder-colorado %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27338/an-assessment-of-the-divisions-of-the-physical-measurement-laboratory-at-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-located-in-boulder-colorado %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %P 74 %X Since 1959, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has annually commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to assess its various measurements and standards laboratories. This report appraises the Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML), assessing four divisions of PML situated at the NIST Boulder campus: the Applied Physics Division, the Time and Frequency Division, the Quantum Electromagnetics Division, and the Quantum Physics Division. The report compares the caliber of research at PML with similar international programs to determine whether programs adequately align with its objectives; assesses the range of scientific and technical expertise available within PML; considers the budget, facilities, equipment, and Human Resources to bolster PML technical endeavors and contribute to the fulfillment of its goals; and assesses the efficacy of PML methods for disseminating the products of its work. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Casola, Linda %T Adapting to Shorter Time Cycles in the United States Air Force: Proceedings of a Workshop Series %@ 978-0-309-47421-4 %D 2021 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26148/adapting-to-shorter-time-cycles-in-the-united-states-air-force %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26148/adapting-to-shorter-time-cycles-in-the-united-states-air-force %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 136 %X The Air Force Studies Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a three-part workshop series to investigate the changing paradigm of time and knowledge in modern-day warfare. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense, three 2-day workshops were held virtually on September 16-17, 2020, September 23-24, 2020, and October 1-2, 2020. The objective of the first workshop was to explore the ways in which the U.S. Air Force (USAF) has adjusted its capabilities in response to past shifts in operational timing. In consideration of these past shifts, the second workshop aimed to consider when there could be an advantage to synchronize or desynchronize rates of change with adversaries. Participants had the opportunity to discuss lessons learned and possible changes for USAF Doctrine and future operations. The goal of the third workshop was to examine the implications to doctrine, concepts of operations, and command and control from the recent acceleration of battlespace operations, arising from wide-scale digitization, large-scale sensing, and faster technologies. In all three workshops, speakers explored the broader issues surrounding changing environments, and participants discussed ways to adapt to fundamental changes in the time constants of conflict. This proceedings is a factual summary of what occurred during the workshop series. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Information and Communications: Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century %@ 978-0-309-08721-6 %D 2003 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10831/information-and-communications-challenges-for-the-chemical-sciences-in-the %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10831/information-and-communications-challenges-for-the-chemical-sciences-in-the %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 208 %X Since publication of the National Research Council (NRC) reports on chemistry in 1985 and chemical engineering in 1988,1,2 dramatic advances in information technology (IT) have totally changed these communities. During this period, the chemical enterprise and information technology have enjoyed both a remarkably productive and mutually supportive set of advances. These synergies sparked unprecedented growth in the capability and productivity of both fields including the definition of entirely new areas of the chemical enterprise. The chemical enterprise provided information technology with device fabrication processes, new materials, data, models, methods, and (most importantly) people. In turn, information technology provided chemical science and technology with truly remarkable and revolutionary resources for computations, communications, and data management. Indeed, computation has become the strong third component of the chemical science research and development effort, joining experiment and theory. Sustained mutual growth and interdependence of the chemical and information communities should take account of several unique aspects of the chemical sciences. These include extensive and complex databases that characterize the chemical disciplines; the importance of multiscale simulations that range from molecules to technological processes; the global economic impact of the chemical industry; and the industry's major influence on the nation's health, environment, security, and economic well-being. In planning the future of the chemical sciences and technology, it is crucial to recognize the benefits already derived from advances in information technology as well as to point the way to future benefits that will be derived. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics: The Science of the World Around Us %@ 978-0-309-10969-7 %D 2007 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11967/condensed-matter-and-materials-physics-the-science-of-the-world %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11967/condensed-matter-and-materials-physics-the-science-of-the-world %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 284 %X The development of transistors, the integrated circuit, liquid-crystal displays, and even DVD players can be traced back to fundamental research pioneered in the field of condensed-matter and materials physics (CMPP). The United States has been a leader in the field, but that status is now in jeopardy. Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics, part of the Physics 2010 decadal survey project, assesses the present state of the field in the United States, examines possible directions for the 21st century, offers a set of scientific challenges for American researchers to tackle, and makes recommendations for effective spending of federal funds. This book maintains that the field of CMPP is certain to be principle to both scientific and economic advances over the next decade and the lack of an achievable plan would leave the United States behind. This book's discussion of the intellectual and technological challenges of the coming decade centers around six grand challenges concerning energy demand, the physics of life, information technology, nanotechnology, complex phenomena, and behavior far from equilibrium. Policy makers, university administrators, industry research and development executives dependent upon developments in CMPP, and scientists working in the field will find this book of interest. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Seeing Photons: Progress and Limits of Visible and Infrared Sensor Arrays %@ 978-0-309-15304-1 %D 2010 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12896/seeing-photons-progress-and-limits-of-visible-and-infrared-sensor %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12896/seeing-photons-progress-and-limits-of-visible-and-infrared-sensor %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Engineering and Technology %P 194 %X The Department of Defense recently highlighted intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities as a top priority for U.S. warfighters. Contributions provided by ISR assets in the operational theaters in Iraq and Afghanistan have been widely documented in press reporting. While the United States continues to increase investments in ISR capabilities, other nations not friendly to the United States will continue to seek countermeasures to U.S. capabilities. The Technology Warning Division of the Defense Intelligence Agency's (DIA) Defense Warning Office (DWO) has the critical responsibility, in collaborations with other components of the intelligence community (IC), for providing U.S. policymakers insight into technological developments that may impact future U.S. warfighting capabilities. To this end, the IC requested that the National Research Council (NRC) investigate and report on key visible and infrared detector technologies, with potential military utility, that are likely to be developed in the next 10-15 years. This study is the eighth in a series sponsored by the DWO and executed under the auspices of the NRC TIGER (Technology Insight-Gauge, Evaluate, and Review) Standing Committee.